The Little Hunchback
by Andrew Lang · from The Arabian Nights Entertainments
Adapted Version
There was a happy Jester. He liked to sing and make people laugh. The Tailor and wife invited him.
The Tailor worked in his shop. His wife was nearby. A Jester came to the shop. He sang happy songs. He played his hand drum. The Tailor liked the Jester. "Come eat with us," he said. The Jester said, "Yes!" They closed the shop. They went home to eat.
Supper was ready. They ate fish. The Jester ate very fast. He ate a fish bone. The Jester stopped moving. He did not sing. He did not play. The Tailor was very scared. His wife was very scared. "Oh no!" they thought. "What will we do?"
The Tailor and his wife worried. "Police will come," they said. "We will be in big trouble." They made a plan. They carried the still Jester. They went to the Doctor's house. They put the Jester by the door. He sat on the stairs. Then they ran home fast.
The Doctor opened his door. He did not see the Jester. He bumped into him. The Jester fell down the stairs. The Doctor was very scared. "Oh no!" he thought. "I made him stop moving!"
The Doctor had a wife. His wife was scared too. "We must move him!" she said. They carried the still Jester. They went to the seller's house. The seller was their neighbor. They put the Jester down the chimney. Then they ran home fast.
The seller came home. He was a bit wobbly. He saw the Jester in his house. "A thief!" he thought. He pushed the Jester. The Jester did not move. The seller was very scared. "Oh no!" he thought. "I made him stop moving!"
The seller had a plan. He carried the still Jester. He put him outside. He leaned him against a shop wall. Then he ran home fast.
The Merchant walked by. He was a bit wobbly too. He did not see the Jester. He bumped into him. The Jester fell down. The Merchant was very scared. "Oh no!" he thought. "I made him stop moving!" Police came. They saw the Jester. They saw the Merchant. They took the Merchant away.
The Police Chief spoke. "You made him stop moving!" he said. "You will get big trouble!" The Merchant was sad.
It was time for big trouble. Many people came to watch. The Merchant was there. The seller was there. "No!" cried the seller. "It was me! I pushed him! I made him stop moving!" Chief looked at seller. He let the Merchant go.
Now it was the seller's turn for big trouble. The Doctor was there. "No!" cried the Doctor. "It was me! I bumped into him! I made him stop moving!" The Police Chief looked at the seller. He let the seller go.
Now it was the Doctor's turn for big trouble. The Tailor was there. "No!" cried the Tailor. "It was me first! He ate a fish bone! He stopped moving at my house!" The Police Chief looked at the Tailor. He let the Doctor go.
The Police Chief was confused. He heard all the stories. He told the Sultan. The Sultan heard the very strange story. "Bring them all to me!" said the Sultan. "Bring the Tailor. Bring the Doctor. Bring the seller. Bring the Merchant. Bring the still Jester too!"
All came to the Sultan. The Sultan listened to each man. He heard the whole silly story. He heard about the fish bone. He heard about the stairs. He heard about the chimney. He heard about the shop wall. The Sultan laughed and laughed. "This is a very silly story!" he said. "At times, people get scared. They think they did a thing bad. But the truth is much funnier!" He smiled. "No one is in trouble!" he said. "This is the funniest story ever!" All went home. They were happy. The Jester was still. But his story made all smile.
Original Story
The Little Hunchback
In the kingdom of Kashgar, which is, as everybody knows, situated on the frontiers of Great Tartary, there lived long ago a tailor and his wife who loved each other very much. One day, when the tailor was hard at work, a little hunchback came and sat at the entrance of the shop, and began to sing and play his tambourine. The tailor was amused with the antics of the fellow, and thought he would take him home to divert his wife. The hunchback having agreed to his proposal, the tailor closed his shop and they set off together.
When they reached the house they found the table ready laid for supper, and in a very few minutes all three were sitting before a beautiful fish which the tailor's wife had cooked with her own hands. But unluckily, the hunchback happened to swallow a large bone, and, in spite of all the tailor and his wife could do to help him, died of suffocation in an instant. Besides being very sorry for the poor man, the tailor and his wife were very much frightened on their own account, for if the police came to hear of it the worthy couple ran the risk of being thrown into prison for wilful murder. In order to prevent this dreadful calamity they both set about inventing some plan which would throw suspicion on some one else, and at last they made up their minds that they could do no better than select a Jewish doctor who lived close by as the author of the crime. So the tailor picked up the hunchback by his head while his wife took his feet and carried him to the doctor's house. Then they knocked at the door, which opened straight on to a steep staircase. A servant soon appeared, feeling her way down the dark staircase and inquired what they wanted.
"Tell your master," said the tailor, "that we have brought a very sick man for him to cure; and," he added, holding out some money, "give him this in advance, so that he may not feel he is wasting his time." The servant remounted the stairs to give the message to the doctor, and the moment she was out of sight the tailor and his wife carried the body swiftly after her, propped it up at the top of the staircase, and ran home as fast as their legs could carry them.
Now the doctor was so delighted at the news of a patient (for he was young, and had not many of them), that he was transported with joy.
"Get a light," he called to the servant, "and follow me as fast as you can!" and rushing out of his room he ran towards the staircase. There he nearly fell over the body of the hunchback, and without knowing what it was gave it such a kick that it rolled right to the bottom, and very nearly dragged the doctor after it. "A light! a light!" he cried again, and when it was brought and he saw what he had done he was almost beside himself with terror.
"Holy Moses!" he exclaimed, "why did I not wait for the light? I have killed the sick man whom they brought me; and if the sacred Ass of Esdras does not come to my aid I am lost! It will not be long before I am led to jail as a murderer."
Agitated though he was, and with reason, the doctor did not forget to shut the house door, lest some passers-by might chance to see what had happened. He then took up the corpse and carried it into his wife's room, nearly driving her crazy with fright.
"It is all over with us!" she wailed, "if we cannot find some means of getting the body out of the house. Once let the sun rise and we can hide it no longer! How were you driven to commit such a terrible crime?"
"Never mind that," returned the doctor, "the thing is to find a way out of it."
For a long while the doctor and his wife continued to turn over in their minds a way of escape, but could not find any that seemed good enough. At last the doctor gave it up altogether and resigned himself to bear the penalty of his misfortune.
But his wife, who had twice his brains, suddenly exclaimed, "I have thought of something! Let us carry the body on the roof of the house and lower it down the chimney of our neighbour the Mussulman." Now this Mussulman was employed by the Sultan, and furnished his table with oil and butter. Part of his house was occupied by a great storeroom, where rats and mice held high revel.
The doctor jumped at his wife's plan, and they took up the hunchback, and passing cords under his armpits they let him down into the purveyor's bed-room so gently that he really seemed to be leaning against the wall. When they felt he was touching the ground they drew up the cords and left him.
Scarcely had they got back to their own house when the purveyor entered his room. He had spent the evening at a wedding feast, and had a lantern in his hand. In the dim light it cast he was astonished to see a man standing in his chimney, but being naturally courageous he seized a stick and made straight for the supposed thief. "Ah!" he cried, "so it is you, and not the rats and mice, who steal my butter. I'll take care that you don't want to come back!"
So saying he struck him several hard blows. The corpse fell on the floor, but the man only redoubled his blows, till at length it occurred to him it was odd that the thief should lie so still and make no resistance. Then, finding he was quite dead, a cold fear took possession of him. "Wretch that I am," said he, "I have murdered a man. Ah, my revenge has gone too far. Without the help of Allah I am undone! Cursed be the goods which have led me to my ruin." And already he felt the rope round his neck.
But when he had got over the first shock he began to think of some way out of the difficulty, and seizing the hunchback in his arms he carried him out into the street, and leaning him against the wall of a shop he stole back to his own house, without once looking behind him.
A few minutes before the sun rose, a rich Christian merchant, who supplied the palace with all sorts of necessaries, left his house, after a night of feasting, to go to the bath. Though he was very drunk, he was yet sober enough to know that the dawn was at hand, and that all good Mussulmen would shortly be going to prayer. So he hastened his steps lest he should meet some one on his way to the mosque, who, seeing his condition, would send him to prison as a drunkard. In his haste he jostled against the hunchback, who fell heavily upon him, and the merchant, thinking he was being attacked by a thief, knocked him down with one blow of his fist. He then called loudly for help, beating the fallen man all the while.
The chief policeman of the quarter came running up, and found a Christian ill-treating a Mussulman. "What are you doing?" he asked indignantly.
"He tried to rob me," replied the merchant, "and very nearly choked me."
"Well, you have had your revenge," said the man, catching hold of his arm. "Come, be off with you!"
As he spoke he held out his hand to the hunchback to help him up, but the hunchback never moved. "Oho!" he went on, looking closer, "so this is the way a Christian has the impudence to treat a Mussulman!" and seizing the merchant in a firm grasp he took him to the inspector of police, who threw him into prison till the judge should be out of bed and ready to attend to his case. All this brought the merchant to his senses, but the more he thought of it the less he could understand how the hunchback could have died merely from the blows he had received.
The merchant was still pondering on this subject when he was summoned before the chief of police and questioned about his crime, which he could not deny. As the hunchback was one of the Sultan's private jesters, the chief of police resolved to defer sentence of death until he had consulted his master. He went to the palace to demand an audience, and told his story to the Sultan, who only answered,
"There is no pardon for a Christian who kills a Mussulman. Do your duty."
So the chief of police ordered a gallows to be erected, and sent criers to proclaim in every street in the city that a Christian was to be hanged that day for having killed a Mussulman.
When all was ready the merchant was brought from prison and led to the foot of the gallows. The executioner knotted the cord firmly round the unfortunate man's neck and was just about to swing him into the air, when the Sultan's purveyor dashed through the crowd, and cried, panting, to the hangman,
"Stop, stop, don't be in such a hurry. It was not he who did the murder, it was I."
The chief of police, who was present to see that everything was in order, put several questions to the purveyor, who told him the whole story of the death of the hunchback, and how he had carried the body to the place where it had been found by the Christian merchant.
"You are going," he said to the chief of police, "to kill an innocent man, for it is impossible that he should have murdered a creature who was dead already. It is bad enough for me to have slain a Mussulman without having it on my conscience that a Christian who is guiltless should suffer through my fault."
Now the purveyor's speech had been made in a loud voice, and was heard by all the crowd, and even if he had wished it, the chief of police could not have escaped setting the merchant free.
"Loose the cords from the Christian's neck," he commanded, turning to the executioner, "and hang this man in his place, seeing that by his own confession he is the murderer."
The hangman did as he was bid, and was tying the cord firmly, when he was stopped by the voice of the Jewish doctor beseeching him to pause, for he had something very important to say. When he had fought his way through the crowd and reached the chief of police,
"Worshipful sir," he began, "this Mussulman whom you desire to hang is unworthy of death; I alone am guilty. Last night a man and a woman who were strangers to me knocked at my door, bringing with them a patient for me to cure. The servant opened it, but having no light was hardly able to make out their faces, though she readily agreed to wake me and to hand me the fee for my services. While she was telling me her story they seem to have carried the sick man to the top of the staircase and then left him there. I jumped up in a hurry without waiting for a lantern, and in the darkness I fell against something, which tumbled headlong down the stairs and never stopped till it reached the bottom. When I examined the body I found it was quite dead, and the corpse was that of a hunchback Mussulman. Terrified at what we had done, my wife and I took the body on the roof and let it down the chimney of our neighbour the purveyor, whom you were just about to hang. The purveyor, finding him in his room, naturally thought he was a thief, and struck him such a blow that the man fell down and lay motionless on the floor. Stooping to examine him, and finding him stone dead, the purveyor supposed that the man had died from the blow he had received; but of course this was a mistake, as you will see from my account, and I only am the murderer; and although I am innocent of any wish to commit a crime, I must suffer for it all the same, or else have the blood of two Musselmans on my conscience. Therefore send away this man, I pray you, and let me take his place, as it is I who am guilty."
On hearing the declaration of the Jewish doctor, the chief of police commanded that he should be led to the gallows, and the Sultan's purveyor go free. The cord was placed round the Jew's neck, and his feet had already ceased to touch the ground when the voice of the tailor was heard beseeching the executioner to pause one moment and to listen to what he had to say.
"Oh, my lord," he cried, turning to the chief of police, "how nearly have you caused the death of three innocent people! But if you will only have the patience to listen to my tale, you shall know who is the real culprit. If some one has to suffer, it must be me! Yesterday, at dusk, I was working in my shop with a light heart when the little hunchback, who was more than half drunk, came and sat in the doorway. He sang me several songs, and then I invited him to finish the evening at my house. He accepted my invitation, and we went away together. At supper I helped him to a slice of fish, but in eating it a bone stuck in his throat, and in spite of all we could do he died in a few minutes. We felt deeply sorry for his death, but fearing lest we should be held responsible, we carried the corpse to the house of the Jewish doctor. I knocked, and desired the servant to beg her master to come down as fast as possible and see a sick man whom we had brought for him to cure; and in order to hasten his movements I placed a piece of money in her hand as the doctor's fee. Directly she had disappeared I dragged the body to the top of the stairs, and then hurried away with my wife back to our house. In descending the stairs the doctor accidentally knocked over the corpse, and finding him dead believed that he himself was the murderer. But now you know the truth set him free, and let me die in his stead."
The chief of police and the crowd of spectators were lost in astonishment at the strange events to which the death of the hunchback had given rise.
"Loosen the Jewish doctor," said he to the hangman, "and string up the tailor instead, since he has made confession of his crime. Really, one cannot deny that this is a very singular story, and it deserves to be written in letters of gold."
The executioner speedily untied the knots which confined the doctor, and was passing the cord round the neck of the tailor, when the Sultan of Kashgar, who had missed his jester, happened to make inquiry of his officers as to what had become of him.
"Sire," replied they, "the hunchback having drunk more than was good for him, escaped from the palace and was seen wandering about the town, where this morning he was found dead. A man was arrested for having caused his death, and held in custody till a gallows was erected. At the moment that he was about to suffer punishment, first one man arrived, and then another, each accusing themselves of the murder, and this went on for a long time, and at the present instant the chief of police is engaged in questioning a man who declares that he alone is the true assassin."
The Sultan of Kashgar no sooner heard these words than he ordered an usher to go to the chief of police and to bring all the persons concerned in the hunchback's death, together with the corpse, that he wished to see once again. The usher hastened on his errand, but was only just in time, for the tailor was positively swinging in the air, when his voice fell upon the silence of the crowd, commanding the hangman to cut down the body. The hangman, recognising the usher as one of the king's servants, cut down the tailor, and the usher, seeing the man was safe, sought the chief of police and gave him the Sultan's message. Accordingly, the chief of police at once set out for the palace, taking with him the tailor, the doctor, the purveyor, and the merchant, who bore the dead hunchback on their shoulders.
When the procession reached the palace the chief of police prostrated himself at the feet of the Sultan, and related all that he knew of the matter. The Sultan was so much struck by the circumstances that he ordered his private historian to write down an exact account of what had passed, so that in the years to come the miraculous escape of the four men who had thought themselves murderers might never be forgotten.
The Sultan asked everybody concerned in the hunchback's affair to tell him their stories. Among others was a prating barber, whose tale of one of his brothers follows.
Story DNA
Moral
Sometimes, the truth is stranger than fiction, and fear can lead people to confess to crimes they didn't commit.
Plot Summary
A tailor and his wife accidentally kill a hunchback jester. Fearing punishment, they leave his body at a Jewish doctor's house. The doctor, in turn, accidentally kicks the body, believes he killed it, and disposes of it by lowering it down a Muslim purveyor's chimney. The purveyor, mistaking the body for a thief, beats it, believes he killed it, and leaves it in the street. A drunken Christian merchant then stumbles upon the body, knocks it down, believes he killed it, and is arrested and sentenced to hang. At the gallows, a series of last-minute confessions from the purveyor, the doctor, and finally the tailor, reveal the bizarre chain of events, leading the Sultan to pardon all four men and record the extraordinary tale.
Themes
Emotional Arc
fear to relief
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story reflects a multi-ethnic and multi-religious society under a Muslim ruler, common in medieval Middle Eastern and Central Asian contexts. The fear of legal repercussions for accidental death, especially across religious lines, is a key driver.
Plot Beats (14)
- A tailor and his wife invite a singing hunchback jester to supper.
- The hunchback chokes on a fish bone and dies, terrifying the tailor and his wife.
- To avoid suspicion, they prop the body at the top of a Jewish doctor's staircase.
- The doctor, rushing out, accidentally kicks the body down the stairs, believes he killed it, and panics.
- The doctor and his wife lower the body down their Muslim neighbor (the purveyor)'s chimney.
- The purveyor, returning home drunk, mistakes the body for a thief, beats it, and believes he killed it.
- The purveyor leaves the body in the street against a shop wall.
- A drunken Christian merchant stumbles upon the body, knocks it down, believes he killed it, and is arrested.
- The Christian merchant is sentenced to be hanged for killing a Muslim.
- At the gallows, the purveyor confesses to the murder, saving the merchant.
- As the purveyor is about to be hanged, the Jewish doctor confesses, saving the purveyor.
- As the doctor is about to be hanged, the tailor confesses, saving the doctor.
- The Sultan, having heard of the strange events, orders all parties and the body to be brought before him.
- The Sultan hears the full, absurd story from each man and is so amused he pardons them all and orders the tale recorded.
Characters
The Little Hunchback
A man of short stature with a pronounced hump on his back. His build is likely slight due to his profession as an entertainer, but the story does not specify further. He is a Mussulman.
Attire: Simple, likely worn, but functional clothing suitable for a street entertainer in Kashgar. Perhaps a tunic and trousers made of coarse cotton or wool, possibly with some colorful patches or embroidery to attract attention. He would not wear elaborate or rich fabrics.
Wants: To entertain and earn a living, to enjoy life (as evidenced by his drinking and singing).
Flaw: His physical deformity (hunchback) and his tendency to drink excessively, which ultimately leads to his accidental death.
He dies accidentally early in the story, becoming the central object around which the plot revolves, but does not undergo a personal arc.
Amusing, lively, jovial (especially when half-drunk), entertaining, musical.
The Tailor
A man of average height and build, with hands accustomed to fine needlework. He is a Mussulman from Kashgar.
Attire: Practical, clean, and well-maintained clothing suitable for a skilled craftsman in Kashgar. Likely a simple tunic (qamis) over loose trousers (shalwar) made of cotton or linen, possibly with a vest (sadriya) and a small, soft cap (topi) or turban. His clothes might show subtle signs of his trade, like a thimble on a finger or a small pin cushion attached to his belt.
Wants: To protect himself and his wife from punishment, to divert his wife, to confess his guilt and save others.
Flaw: Fear of legal repercussions, which leads him to deceive others.
Starts as a fearful man trying to escape consequences, but eventually finds the courage to confess his role and accept punishment, demonstrating integrity.
Loving (towards his wife), easily amused, fearful, quick-witted (in devising a plan), remorseful, honest (eventually).
The Tailor's Wife
A woman of Kashgar, likely of average build, with hands skilled in household tasks and cooking. She is a Mussulman.
Attire: Traditional Kashgari women's attire: a long, flowing dress (paranja or chapan-like outer garment) over trousers, made of patterned silk or cotton, with a headscarf (rumol) covering her hair. Her clothes would be modest but well-kept.
Wants: To protect herself and her husband from punishment.
Flaw: Fear, which drives her to involve others in their predicament.
She remains consistent in her desire to protect her husband and herself, showing her resourcefulness.
Loving (towards her husband), resourceful, intelligent, fearful, quick-thinking, practical.
The Jewish Doctor
A young man, likely of slender build, as he is just starting his practice. He is a Jewish man living in Kashgar.
Attire: Modest but professional attire for a doctor in Kashgar. Likely a long, simple tunic (qamis) over trousers, perhaps a slightly more refined fabric than a common laborer, in muted colors like grey or brown. He might wear a small skullcap (kippah) under a more common head covering or turban, or just the skullcap if in his home.
Wants: To establish his medical practice, to avoid being accused of murder, to confess his perceived guilt.
Flaw: His eagerness and haste, which lead to the accidental kicking of the body, and his immediate assumption of guilt.
Transforms from an eager, somewhat naive young man into a terrified, then deeply conscientious individual willing to sacrifice himself for what he believes is justice.
Eager (for patients), joyful, terrified, agitated, honest (eventually), resigned, conscientious.
The Jewish Doctor's Wife
A woman of Kashgar, likely of average build, showing signs of distress. She is a Jewish woman.
Attire: Modest, traditional Jewish women's attire for Kashgar: a long dress or tunic over trousers, made of simple cotton or wool, with a head covering (tichel or similar). Her clothes would be practical for household duties.
Wants: To save her husband and herself from punishment.
Flaw: Fear, which leads her to devise a plan to shift blame.
Remains consistent in her role as a supportive, resourceful, and fearful partner.
Frightened, wailing, intelligent, resourceful, quick-thinking.
The Sultan's Purveyor
A man of Kashgar, likely robust, given his role in supplying the Sultan. He is a Mussulman.
Attire: Respectable, practical clothing suitable for a purveyor to the Sultan. Likely a well-made tunic (qamis) and trousers (shalwar) of good quality cotton or linen, perhaps a slightly more elaborate vest (sadriya) or a light outer coat (chapan). He might wear a simple turban or a cap.
Wants: To protect his goods from thieves, to avoid being accused of murder.
Flaw: His quick temper and assumption that the hunchback is a thief.
Starts as a courageous but hot-tempered man, then becomes terrified and resourceful, ultimately confessing his perceived crime.
Courageous, quick to anger, decisive, fearful, remorseful, resourceful.
The Christian Merchant
A rich man of Kashgar, likely well-fed and perhaps a bit portly from a life of comfort and feasting. He is a Christian.
Attire: Rich, luxurious clothing befitting a wealthy merchant who supplies the palace. Likely a flowing, embroidered chapan (outer coat) made of silk or brocade in vibrant colors, over a fine tunic and trousers. He would wear soft leather boots and possibly a jeweled turban or a distinctive cap. His clothes would be clean and well-maintained despite his drunken state.
Wants: To go to the bath after feasting, to avoid being accused of murder.
Flaw: His drunkenness, which causes him to stumble and strike the body, and his immediate assumption of guilt.
Starts as a carefree, drunken man, then becomes a terrified and ultimately honest individual willing to accept punishment for a perceived crime.
Revelrous, drunk, fearful, remorseful, honest (eventually).
The Sultan of Kashgar
A powerful ruler, likely of dignified and imposing stature. He is a Mussulman.
Attire: Magnificent royal attire: a richly embroidered silk or brocade robe (chapan or similar court garment) in vibrant colors, perhaps gold and crimson, with a jeweled turban or crown. His clothing would signify immense wealth and authority.
Wants: To find his missing jester, to understand the truth, to ensure justice is served, to preserve remarkable stories.
Flaw: None explicitly shown; he acts as a figure of ultimate authority and wisdom.
He remains a consistent figure of authority and justice, bringing the convoluted tale to a fair resolution.
Curious, just, wise, appreciative of unusual stories.
The Chief of Police
A man of authority in Kashgar, likely of a strong and imposing build, reflecting his position. He is a Mussulman.
Attire: Official attire for a chief of police in Kashgar: a practical but authoritative uniform, perhaps a sturdy tunic (qamis) and trousers (shalwar) in a dark color, with a distinctive belt or sash, and a specific head covering (turban or cap) that denotes his rank. He might carry a symbol of his authority.
Wants: To enforce the law, to find the true culprit, to follow the Sultan's orders.
Flaw: Initially quick to condemn based on confession, but willing to listen to further testimony.
He navigates the increasingly complex confessions, demonstrating his commitment to finding the truth under the Sultan's guidance.
Decisive, astonished, observant, dutiful.
Locations
Tailor's Shop and House
A bustling tailor's shop with an open entrance, typical of a market street in Kashgar, leading to a modest home where supper is prepared. The interior is warm and inviting, with a table set for a meal.
Mood: Initially lively and amusing, then quickly turns to panic and fear.
The hunchback entertains the tailor, is invited for supper, and tragically chokes to death on a fish bone, initiating the chain of events.
Jewish Doctor's House
A multi-story house with a door opening directly onto a steep, dark wooden staircase. The interior is likely modest but tidy, reflecting the doctor's profession, with a room for his wife.
Mood: Dark, disorienting, and filled with terror and frantic desperation.
The tailor and his wife deposit the hunchback's body at the top of the stairs. The doctor, rushing in the dark, trips over the body, sending it tumbling, and believes he has killed the patient.
Sultan's Purveyor's House
A house with a large storeroom, prone to rats and mice, and a bedroom with a chimney. The architecture would be typical of a Kashgar merchant's home, possibly with mud-brick or stone walls and a flat roof.
Mood: Initially quiet and unsuspecting, then abruptly shifts to shock, anger, and profound fear.
The doctor and his wife lower the hunchback's body down the chimney into the purveyor's bedroom. The purveyor, returning home, mistakes the body for a thief and beats it, believing he has committed murder.
Sultan's Palace Courtyard / Execution Ground
A grand public space in Kashgar, likely a large courtyard or square outside the Sultan's palace, where public executions are carried out. It would feature a gallows and be filled with a crowd of spectators.
Mood: Tense, solemn, and dramatic, with a sense of impending doom, punctuated by astonishment.
The various accused men are brought here for execution, each confessing in turn, leading to a dramatic sequence of near-executions and revelations, culminating in the Sultan's intervention.