Snow-White and Rose-Red
by Andrew Lang · from The Blue Fairy Book
Original Story

“Snow-white and Rose-red,
Don’t beat your lover dead.”
When it was time to retire for the night, and the others went to bed,
the mother said to the bear: “You can lie there on the hearth, in
heaven’s name; it will be shelter for you from the cold and wet.” As
soon as day dawned the children led him out, and he trotted over the
snow into the wood. From this time on the bear came every evening at
the same hour, and lay down by the hearth and let the children play what
pranks they liked with him; and they got so accustomed to him that the
door was never shut till their black friend had made his appearance.
When spring came, and all outside was green, the bear said one morning
to Snow-white: “Now I must go away, and not return again the whole
summer.” “Where are you going to, dear bear?” asked Snow-white. “I
must go to the wood and protect my treasure from the wicked dwarfs.
In winter, when the earth is frozen hard, they are obliged to remain
underground, for they can’t work their way through; but now, when the
sun has thawed and warmed the ground, they break through and come up
above to spy the land and steal what they can; what once falls into
their hands and into their caves is not easily brought back to light.”
Snow-white was quite sad over their friend’s departure, and when she
unbarred the door for him, the bear, stepping out, caught a piece of
his fur in the door-knocker, and Snow-white thought she caught sight of
glittering gold beneath it, but she couldn’t be certain of it; and the
bear ran hastily away, and soon disappeared behind the trees.
A short time after this the mother sent the children into the wood to
collect fagots. They came in their wanderings upon a big tree which lay
felled on the ground, and on the trunk among the long grass they
noticed something jumping up and down, but what it was they couldn’t
distinguish. When they approached nearer they perceived a dwarf with a
wizened face and a beard a yard long. The end of the beard was jammed
into a cleft of the tree, and the little man sprang about like a dog
on a chain, and didn’t seem to know what he was to do. He glared at the
girls with his fiery red eyes, and screamed out: “What are you standing
there for? Can’t you come and help me?” “What were you doing, little
man?” asked Rose-red. “You stupid, inquisitive goose!” replied the
dwarf; “I wanted to split the tree, in order to get little chips of
wood for our kitchen fire; those thick logs that serve to make fires for
coarse, greedy people like yourselves quite burn up all the little food
we need. I had successfully driven in the wedge, and all was going well,
but the cursed wood was so slippery that it suddenly sprang out, and the
tree closed up so rapidly that I had no time to take my beautiful white
beard out, so here I am stuck fast, and I can’t get away; and you silly,
smooth-faced, milk-and-water girls just stand and laugh! Ugh! what
wretches you are!”
The children did all in their power, but they couldn’t get the beard
out; it was wedged in far too firmly. “I will run and fetch somebody,”
said Rose-red. “Crazy blockheads!” snapped the dwarf; “what’s the good
of calling anyone else? You’re already two too many for me. Does
nothing better occur to you than that?” “Don’t be so impatient,” said
Snow-white, “I’ll see you get help,” and taking her scissors out of
her pocket she cut off the end of his beard. As soon as the dwarf felt
himself free he seized a bag full of gold which was hidden among the
roots of the tree, lifted it up, and muttered aloud: “Curse these rude
wretches, cutting off a piece of my splendid beard!” With these words he
swung the bag over his back, and disappeared without as much as looking
at the children again.
Shortly after this Snow-white and Rose-red went out to get a dish of
fish. As they approached the stream they saw something which looked like
an enormous grasshopper springing toward the water as if it were going
to jump in. They ran forward and recognized their old friend the dwarf.
“Where are you going to?” asked Rose-red; “you’re surely not going to
jump into the water?” “I’m not such a fool,” screamed the dwarf. “Don’t
you see that cursed fish is trying to drag me in?” The little man
had been sitting on the bank fishing, when unfortunately the wind had
entangled his beard in the line; and when immediately afterward a big
fish bit, the feeble little creature had no strength to pull it out; the
fish had the upper fin, and dragged the dwarf toward him. He clung on
with all his might to every rush and blade of grass, but it didn’t help
him much; he had to follow every movement of the fish, and was in great
danger of being drawn into the water. The girls came up just at the
right moment, held him firm, and did all they could to disentangle his
beard from the line; but in vain, beard and line were in a hopeless
muddle. Nothing remained but to produce the scissors and cut the beard,
by which a small part of it was sacrificed.
When the dwarf perceived what they were about he yelled to them: “Do
you call that manners, you toad-stools! to disfigure a fellow’s face? It
wasn’t enough that you shortened my beard before, but you must now
needs cut off the best bit of it. I can’t appear like this before my own
people. I wish you’d been in Jericho first.” Then he fetched a sack of
pearls that lay among the rushes, and without saying another word he
dragged it away and disappeared behind a stone.
It happened that soon after this the mother sent the two girls to the
town to buy needles, thread, laces, and ribbons. Their road led over a
heath where huge boulders of rock lay scattered here and there. While
trudging along they saw a big bird hovering in the air, circling slowly
above them, but always descending lower, till at last it settled on
a rock not far from them. Immediately afterward they heard a sharp,
piercing cry. They ran forward, and saw with horror that the eagle had
pounced on their old friend the dwarf, and was about to carry him off.
The tender-hearted children seized hold of the little man, and struggled
so long with the bird that at last he let go his prey. When the dwarf
had recovered from the first shock he screamed in his screeching voice:
“Couldn’t you have treated me more carefully? You have torn my thin
little coat all to shreds, useless, awkward hussies that you are!” Then
he took a bag of precious stones and vanished under the rocks into his
cave. The girls were accustomed to his ingratitude, and went on their
way and did their business in town. On their way home, as they were
again passing the heath, they surprised the dwarf pouring out his
precious stones on an open space, for he had thought no one would pass
by at so late an hour. The evening sun shone on the glittering stones,
and they glanced and gleamed so beautifully that the children stood
still and gazed on them. “What are you standing there gaping for?”
screamed the dwarf, and his ashen-gray face became scarlet with rage.
He was about to go off with these angry words when a sudden growl was
heard, and a black bear trotted out of the wood. The dwarf jumped up in
great fright, but he hadn’t time to reach his place of retreat, for the
bear was already close to him. Then he cried in terror: “Dear Mr.
Bear, spare me! I’ll give you all my treasure. Look at those beautiful
precious stones lying there. Spare my life! what pleasure would you get
from a poor feeble little fellow like me? You won’t feel me between your
teeth. There, lay hold of these two wicked girls, they will be a tender
morsel for you, as fat as young quails; eat them up, for heaven’s sake.”
But the bear, paying no attention to his words, gave the evil little
creature one blow with his paw, and he never moved again.
The girls had run away, but the bear called after them: “Snow-white
and Rose-red, don’t be afraid; wait, and I’ll come with you.” Then they
recognized his voice and stood still, and when the bear was quite close
to them his skin suddenly fell off, and a beautiful man stood beside
them, all dressed in gold. “I am a king’s son,” he said, “and have been
doomed by that unholy little dwarf, who had stolen my treasure, to roam
about the woods as a wild bear till his death should set me free. Now he
has got his well-merited punishment.”
Snow-white married him, and Rose-red his brother, and they divided the
great treasure the dwarf had collected in his cave between them. The
old mother lived for many years peacefully with her children; and she
carried the two rose trees with her, and they stood in front of her
window, and every year they bore the finest red and white roses.(1)
(1) Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness and compassion are rewarded, while greed and malice lead to ruin.
Plot Summary
Two kind sisters, Snow-white and Rose-red, live with their mother and welcome a mysterious bear into their home during winter. In spring, the bear leaves, hinting at a curse and a wicked dwarf. The girls repeatedly encounter a rude, ungrateful dwarf, saving him from various predicaments by cutting his beard, only to be met with insults. During their final encounter, the bear reappears, kills the dwarf who attempts to betray the girls, and transforms into a prince, revealing he was cursed by the dwarf. Snow-white marries the prince, Rose-red marries his brother, and they live happily ever after, sharing the dwarf's treasure.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence to wisdom
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale is a variant collected by the Brothers Grimm, reflecting common European folklore motifs of enchanted princes and magical creatures.
Plot Beats (14)
- Snow-white and Rose-red live with their mother in a cottage, known for their kindness and the two rose bushes outside.
- A large bear seeks shelter from the cold one winter night and is welcomed by the family.
- The bear becomes a regular, gentle visitor, playing with the girls and sleeping by the hearth.
- In spring, the bear announces his departure to protect his treasure from wicked dwarfs, revealing a flash of gold under his fur as he leaves.
- The girls find a dwarf with his beard stuck in a tree, trying to split wood, and he is rude and ungrateful when they help him by cutting his beard.
- The girls find the same dwarf with his beard caught in a fishing line, and he is again rude and ungrateful when they help him by cutting his beard.
- The girls are sent to town and encounter the dwarf being attacked by an eagle; they save him, but he is again ungrateful.
- On their way home, they see the dwarf counting his precious stones, and he is enraged by their presence.
- A black bear appears, and the dwarf, terrified, tries to convince the bear to eat the girls instead of him.
- The bear kills the wicked dwarf with a single blow.
- The bear calls to the girls, and his skin falls off, revealing a handsome prince.
- The prince explains he was cursed by the dwarf to be a bear until the dwarf's death.
- Snow-white marries the prince, and Rose-red marries his brother.
- They divide the dwarf's treasure, and their mother lives peacefully with them, bringing her rose bushes.
Characters
Snow-white
Fair skinned
Attire: Simple peasant dress appropriate for a young girl in a rural setting
Kind, compassionate
Rose-red
Rosy cheeks
Attire: Simple peasant dress appropriate for a young girl in a rural setting
Inquisitive, helpful
The Bear
Large, black fur
Gentle, grateful
The Dwarf
Wizened face, yard-long beard
Attire: Thin, tattered coat
Ungrateful, greedy
The Mother
Implied to be a kind, matronly woman
Attire: Simple peasant dress appropriate for a woman in a rural setting
Kind, hospitable
Locations
The Cottage Hearth
A warm, inviting hearth in a humble cottage, providing shelter from the cold and wet.
Mood: warm, safe, comforting
The bear finds shelter and becomes a nightly guest.
Fallen Tree in the Woods
A large tree felled on the ground, surrounded by long grass. A cleft in the trunk traps the dwarf's beard.
Mood: frustrating, comical
The dwarf gets his beard stuck and is rescued (partially) by the girls.
Stream Bank
The bank of a stream where the dwarf is fishing and gets his beard tangled in the line.
Mood: annoying, inconvenient
The dwarf is nearly dragged into the water by a fish.
Heath with Boulders
A heath with huge boulders of rock scattered around, where the dwarf is attacked by an eagle and later reveals his treasure.
Mood: dangerous, tense, then glittering
The dwarf is saved from the eagle, then killed by the bear, revealing the prince.