The Husband of the Rat's Daughter
by Andrew Lang · from The Brown Fairy Book
Original Story

The Husband of the Rat’s Daughter
Once upon a time there lived in Japan a rat and his wife who came of an
old and noble race, and had one daughter, the loveliest girl in all the
rat world. Her parents were very proud of her, and spared no pains to
teach her all she ought to know. There was not another young lady in
the whole town who was as clever as she was in gnawing through the
hardest wood, or who could drop from such a height on to a bed, or run
away so fast if anyone was heard coming. Great attention, too, was paid
to her personal appearance, and her skin shone like satin, while her
teeth were as white as pearls, and beautifully pointed.
Of course, with all these advantages, her parents expected her to make
a brilliant marriage, and, as she grew up, they began to look round for
a suitable husband.
But here a difficulty arose. The father was a rat from the tip of his
nose to the end of his tail, outside as well as in, and desired that
his daughter should wed among her own people. She had no lack of
lovers, but her father’s secret hopes rested on a fine young rat, with
moustaches which almost swept the ground, whose family was still nobler
and more ancient than his own. Unluckily, the mother had other views
for her precious child. She was one of those people who always despise
their own family and surroundings, and take pleasure in thinking that
they themselves are made of finer material than the rest of the world.
“HER daughter should never marry a mere rat,” she declared, holding her
head high. “With her beauty and talents she had a right to look for
someone a little better than THAT.”
So she talked, as mothers will, to anyone that would listen to her.
What the girl thought about the matter nobody knew or cared—it was not
the fashion in the rat world.
Many were the quarrels which the old rat and his wife had upon the
subject, and sometimes they bore on their faces certain marks which
looked as if they had not kept to words only.
“Reach up to the stars is MY motto,” cried the lady one day, when she
was in a greater passion than usual. “My daughter’s beauty places her
higher than anything upon earth,” she cried; “and I am certainly not
going to accept a son-in-law who is beneath her.”
“Better offer her in marriage to the sun,” answered her husband
impatiently. “As far as I know there is nothing greater than he.”
“Well, I WAS thinking of it,” replied the wife, “and as you are of the
same mind, we will pay him a visit to-morrow.”
So the next morning, the two rats, having spent hours in making
themselves smart, set out to see the sun, leading their daughter
between them.
The journey took some time, but at length they came to the golden
palace where the sun lived.
“Noble king,” began the mother, “behold our daughter! She is so
beautiful that she is above everything in the whole world. Naturally,
we wish for a son-in-law who, on his side, is greater than all.
Therefore we have come to you.”
“I feel very much flattered,” replied the sun, who was so busy that he
had not the least wish to marry anybody. “You do me great honour by
your proposal. Only, in one point you are mistaken, and it would be
wrong of me to take advantage of your ignorance. There is something
greater than I am, and that is the cloud. Look!” And as he spoke a
cloud spread itself over the sun’s face, blotting out his rays.
“Oh, well, we will speak to the cloud,” said the mother. And turning to
the cloud she repeated her proposal.
“Indeed I am unworthy of anything so charming,” answered the cloud;
“but you make a mistake again in what you say. There is one thing that
is even more powerful than I, and that is the wind. Ah, here he comes,
you can see for yourself.”
And she DID see, for catching up the cloud as he passed, he threw it on
the other side of the sky. Then, tumbling father, mother and daughter
down to the earth again, he paused for a moment beside them, his foot
on an old wall.
When she had recovered her breath, the mother began her little speech
once more.
“The wall is the proper husband for your daughter,” answered the wind,
whose home consisted of a cave, which he only visited when he was not
rushing about elsewhere; “you can see for yourself that he is greater
than I, for he has power to stop me in my flight.” And the mother, who
did not trouble to conceal her wishes, turned at once to the wall.
Then something happened which was quite unexpected by everyone.
“I won’t marry that ugly old wall, which is as old as my grandfather,”
sobbed the girl, who had not uttered one word all this time. “I would
have married the sun, or the cloud, or the wind, because it was my
duty, although I love the handsome young rat, and him only. But that
horrid old wall—I would sooner die!”
And the wall, rather hurt in his feelings, declared that he had no
claim to be the husband of so beautiful a girl.
“It is quite true,” he said, “that I can stop the wind who can part the
clouds who can cover the sun; but there is someone who can do more than
all these, and that is the rat. It is the rat who passes through me,
and can reduce me to powder, simply with his teeth. If, therefore, you
want a son-in-law who is greater than the whole world, seek him among
the rats.”
“Ah, what did I tell you?” cried the father. And his wife, though for
the moment angry at being beaten, soon thought that a rat son-in-law
was what she had always desired.
So all three returned happily home, and the wedding was celebrated
three days after.
[Contes Populaires.]
Story DNA
Moral
True worth and power can be found in unexpected places, and one should not despise their own kind in pursuit of perceived greatness.
Plot Summary
A noble rat couple seeks a husband for their beautiful daughter. The mother, despising their own kind, insists on finding the 'greatest' being in the world, leading them to successively approach the Sun, Cloud, Wind, and Wall. Each powerful entity humbly admits that something else is greater. Finally, the daughter, who has been silent, refuses the Wall and confesses her love for a handsome young rat. The Wall then reveals that rats are, in fact, greater than he, as they can gnaw through him. The parents, now enlightened, return home, and the daughter marries the rat she loves.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang was a Scottish poet, novelist, literary critic, and folklorist who collected and published fairy tales from various cultures in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This particular tale is noted as 'Contes Populaires,' indicating a French source for a popular tale, likely a translation of a Japanese folk tale.
Plot Beats (12)
- A noble rat couple in Japan has a beautiful, talented daughter.
- The parents decide it's time for her to marry, but disagree on a suitable husband.
- The father wants her to marry a fine young rat, but the mother despises rats and wants a 'greater' son-in-law.
- The mother, convinced her daughter is above all, decides to seek the greatest being in the world as a husband.
- The parents, with their daughter, visit the Sun to propose marriage.
- The Sun declines, stating the Cloud is greater because it can block his light.
- The parents then approach the Cloud, who declines, stating the Wind is greater because it can move the cloud.
- The parents then approach the Wind, who declines, stating the Wall is greater because it can stop the wind.
- The mother turns to the Wall, but the daughter, for the first time, speaks up and refuses to marry the Wall, confessing her love for a handsome young rat.
- The Wall, feeling hurt, humbly admits that the rat is actually greater than he, as rats can gnaw through walls.
- The father exclaims he was right all along, and the mother, though initially annoyed, quickly agrees that a rat son-in-law is what she always wanted.
- The family returns home, and the daughter marries the handsome young rat she loves.
Characters
Rat's Daughter
Lovelist girl in all the rat world, skin shone like satin, teeth white as pearls and beautifully pointed
Attire: Small silk kimono appropriate for a young lady of rank in rat society, tiny ornamental comb
Obedient, secretly romantic, ultimately assertive
Rat Father
A rat from the tip of his nose to the end of his tail
Attire: Formal rat attire, perhaps a small waistcoat and tie
Proud, traditional, easily overruled
Rat Mother
Believes herself to be made of finer material than the rest of the world
Attire: Elegant rat attire, perhaps a small hat or shawl
Snobbish, ambitious, domineering
Sun
Golden palace
Busy, diplomatic, honest
Cloud
Spreads itself over the sun's face
Humble, yielding
Wind
Rushing about
Powerful, restless
Wall
Ugly and old
Hurt, honest, self-deprecating
Locations
Rat Family Home
A home of a noble rat family in Japan, well-maintained and comfortable.
Mood: Warm, secure, domestic
Introduction of the rat family and their daughter; initial conflict about finding a suitable husband.
Golden Palace of the Sun
A radiant palace where the sun resides, presumably high in the sky.
Mood: Bright, powerful, imposing
The rat family proposes their daughter to the sun, who redirects them to the cloud.
Beside the Old Wall
An old, weathered wall on the earth, where the wind pauses.
Mood: Exposed, weathered, somewhat desolate
The wind tumbles the rat family to the earth and suggests the wall as a husband; the daughter refuses.