The Sacred Milk of Koumongoe
by Andrew Lang · from The Brown Fairy Book
Original Story

The Sacred Milk of Koumongoé
Far way, in a very hot country, there once lived a man and woman who
had two children, a son named Koane and a daughter called Thakane.
Early in the morning and late in the evenings the parents worked hard
in the fields, resting, when the sun was high, under the shade of some
tree. While they were absent the little girl kept house alone, for her
brother always got up before the dawn, when the air was fresh and cool,
and drove out the cattle to the sweetest patches of grass he could
find.
One day, when Koane had slept later than usual, his father and mother
went to their work before him, and there was only Thakane to be seen
busy making the bread for supper.
“Thakane,” he said, “I am thirsty. Give me a drink from the tree
Koumongoé, which has the best milk in the world.”
“Oh, Koane,” cried his sister, “you know that we are forbidden to touch
that tree. What would father say when he came home? For he would be
sure to know.”
“Nonsense,” replied Koane, “there is so much milk in Koumongoé that he
will never miss a little. If you won’t give it to me, I sha’n’t take
the cattle out. They will just have to stay all day in the hut, and you
know that they will starve.” And he turned from her in a rage, and sat
down in the corner.
After a while Thakane said to him: “It is getting hot, had you better
drive out the cattle now?”
But Koane only answered sulkily: “I told you I am not going to drive
them out at all. If I have to do without milk, they shall do without
grass.”
Thakane did not know what to do. She was afraid to disobey her parents,
who would most likely beat her, yet the beasts would be sure to suffer
if they were kept in, and she would perhaps be beaten for that too. So
at last she took an axe and a tiny earthen bowl, she cut a very small
hole in the side of Koumongoé, and out gushed enough milk to fill the
bowl.
“Here is the milk you wanted,” said she, going up to Koane, who was
still sulking in his corner.
“What is the use of that?” grumbled Koane; “why, there is not enough to
drown a fly. Go and get me three times as much!”
Trembling with fright, Thakane returned to the tree, and struck it a
sharp blow with the axe. In an instant there poured forth such a stream
of milk that it ran like a river into the hut.
“Koane! Koane!” cried she, “come and help me to plug up the hole. There
will be no milk left for our father and mother.” But Koane could not
stop it any more than Thakane, and soon the milk was flowing through
the hut downhill towards their parents in the fields below.
The man saw a white stream a long way off, and guessed what had
happened.
“Wife, wife,” he called loudly to the woman, who was working at a
little distance: “Do you see Koumongoé running fast down the hill? That
is some mischief of the children’s, I am sure. I must go home and find
out what is the matter.” And they both threw down their hoes and
hurried to the side of Koumongoé.
Kneeling on the grass, the man and his wife made a cup of their hands
and drank the milk from it. And no sooner had they done this, than
Koumongoé flowed back again up the hill, and entered the hut.
“Thakane,” said the parents, severely, when they reached home panting
from the heat of the sun, “what have you been doing? Why did Koumongoé
come to us in the fields instead of staying in the garden?”
“It was Koane’s fault,” answered Thakane. “He would not take the cattle
to feed until he drank some of the milk from Koumongoé. So, as I did
not know what else to do, I gave it to him.”
The father listened to Thakane’s words, but made no answer. Instead, he
went outside and brought in two sheepskins, which he stained red and
sent for a blacksmith to forge some iron rings. The rings were then
passed over Thakane’s arms and legs and neck, and the skins fastened on
her before and behind. When all was ready, the man sent for his
servants and said:
“I am going to get rid of Thakane.”
“Get rid of your only daughter?” they answered, in surprise. “But why?”
“Because she has eaten what she ought not to have eaten. She has
touched the sacred tree which belongs to her mother and me alone.” And,
turning his back, he called to Thakane to follow him, and they went
down the road which led to the dwelling of an ogre.
They were passing along some fields where the corn was ripening, when a
rabbit suddenly sprang out at their feet, and standing on its hind
legs, it sang:
Why do you give to the ogre Your child, so fair, so fair?
“You had better ask her,” replied the man, “she is old enough to give
you an answer.”
Then, in her turn, Thakane sang:
I gave Koumongoé to Koane, Koumongoé to the keeper of beasts; For
without Koumongoé they could not go to the meadows: Without Koumongoé
they would starve in the hut; That was why I gave him the Koumongoé of
my father.
And when the rabbit heard that, he cried: “Wretched man! it is you whom
the ogre should eat, and not your beautiful daughter.”
But the father paid no heed to what the rabbit said, and only walked on
the faster, bidding Thakane to keep close behind him. By-and-by they
met with a troop of great deer, called elands, and they stopped when
they saw Thakane and sang:
Why do you give to the ogre Your child, so fair, so fair?
“You had better ask her, replied the man, “she is old enough to give
you an answer.”
Then, in her turn, Thakane sang:
I gave Koumongoé to Koane, Koumongoé to the keeper of beasts; For
without Koumongoé they could not go to the meadows: Without Koumongoé
they would starve in the hut; That was why I gave him the Koumongoé of
my father.
And the elands all cried: “Wretched man! it is you whom the ogre should
eat, and not your beautiful daughter.”
By this time it was nearly dark, and the father said they could travel
no further that night, and must go to sleep where they were. Thakane
was thankful indeed when she heard this, for she was very tired, and
found the two skins fastened round her almost too heavy to carry. So,
in spite of her dread of the ogre, she slept till dawn, when her father
woke her, and told her roughly that he was ready to continue their
journey.
Crossing the plain, the girl and her father passed a herd of gazelles
feeding. They lifted their heads, wondering who was out so early, and
when they caught sight of Thakane, they sang:
Why do you give to the ogre Your child, so fair, so fair?
“You had better ask her, replied the man, “she is old enough to answer
for herself.”
Then, in her turn, Thakane sang:
I gave Koumongoé to Koane, Koumongoé to the keeper of beasts; For
without Koumongoé they could not go to the meadows: Without Koumongoé
they would starve in the hut; That was why I gave him the Koumongoé of
my father.
And the gazelles all cried: “Wretched man! it is you whom the ogre
should eat, and not your beautiful daughter.”
At last they arrived at the village where the ogre lived, and they went
straight to his hut. He was nowhere to be seen, but in his place was
his son Masilo, who was not an ogre at all, but a very polite young
man. He ordered his servants to bring a pile of skins for Thakane to
sit on, but told her father he must sit on the ground. Then, catching
sight of the girl’s face, which she had kept down, he was struck by its
beauty, and put the same question that the rabbit, and the elands, and
the gazelles had done.
Thakane answered him as before, and he instantly commanded that she
should be taken to the hut of his mother, and placed under her care,
while the man should be led to his father. Directly the ogre saw him he
bade the servant throw him into the great pot which always stood ready
on the fire, and in five minutes he was done to a turn. After that the
servant returned to Masilo and related all that had happened.
Now Masilo had fallen in loved with Thakane the moment he saw her. At
first he did not know what to make of this strange feeling, for all his
life he had hated women, and had refused several brides whom his
parents had chosen for him. However, they were so anxious that he
should marry, that they willingly accepted Thakane as their
daughter-in-law, though she did bring any marriage portion with her.
After some time a baby was born to her, and Thakane thought it was the
most beautiful baby that ever was seen. But when her mother-in-law saw
it was a girl, she wrung her hands and wept, saying:
“O miserable mother! Miserable child! Alas for you! why were you not a
boy!”
Thakane, in great surprise, asked the meaning of her distress; and the
old woman told her that it was the custom in that country that all the
girls who were born should be given to the ogre to eat.
Then Thakane clasped the baby tightly in her arms, and cried:
“But it is not the customer in MY country! There, when children die,
they are buried in the earth. No one shall take my baby from me.”
That night, when everyone in the hut was asleep, Thakane rose, and
carrying her baby on her back, went down to a place where the river
spread itself out into a large lake, with tall willows all round the
bank. Here, hidden from everyone, she sat down on a stone and began to
think what she should do to save her child.
Suddenly she heard a rustling among the willows, and an old woman
appeared before her.
“What are you crying for, my dear?” said she.
And Thakane answered: “I was crying for my baby—I cannot hide her for
ever, and if the ogre sees her, he will eat her; and I would rather she
was drowned than that.”
“What you say is true,” replied the old woman. “Give me your child, and
let me take care of it. And if you will fix a day to meet me here I
will bring the baby.”
Then Thakane dried her eyes, and gladly accepted the old woman’s offer.
When she got home she told her husband she had thrown it in the river,
and as he had watched her go in that direction he never thought of
doubting what she said.
On the appointed day, Thakane slipped out when everybody was busy, and
ran down the path that led to the lake. As soon as she got there, she
crouched down among the willows, and sang softly:
Bring to me Dilah, Dilah the rejected one, Dilah, whom her father
Masilo cast out!
And in a moment the old woman appeared holding the baby in her arms.
Dilah had become so big and strong, that Thakane’s heart was filled
with joy and gratitude, and she stayed as long as she dared, playing
with her baby. At last she felt she must return to the village, lest
she should be missed, and the child was handed back to the old woman,
who vanished with her into the lake.
Children grow up very quickly when they live under water, and in less
time than anyone could suppose, Dilah had changed from a baby to a
woman. Her mother came to visit her whenever she was able, and one day,
when they were sitting talking together, they were spied out by a man
who had come to cut willows to weave into baskets. He was so surprised
to see how like the face of the girl was to Masilo, that he left his
work and returned to the village.
“Masilo,” he said, as he entered the hut, “I have just beheld your wife
near the river with a girl who must be your daughter, she is so like
you. We have been deceived, for we all thought she was dead.”
When he heard this, Masilo tried to look shocked because his wife had
broken the law; but in his heart he was very glad.
“But what shall we do now?” asked he.
“Make sure for yourself that I am speaking the truth by hiding among
the bushes the first time Thakane says she is going to bathe in the
river, and waiting till the girl appears.”
For some days Thakane stayed quietly at home, and her husband began to
think that the man had been mistaken; but at last she said to her
husband: “I am going to bathe in the river.”
“Well, you can go,” answered he. But he ran down quickly by another
path, and got there first, and hid himself in the bushes. An instant
later, Thakane arrived, and standing on the bank, she sang:
Bring to me Dilah, Dilah the rejected one, Dilah, whom her father
Masilo cast out!
Then the old woman came out of the water, holding the girl, now tall
and slender, by the hand. And as Masilo looked, he saw that she was
indeed his daughter, and he wept for joy that she was not lying dead in
the bottom of the lake. The old woman, however, seemed uneasy, and said
to Thakane: “I feel as if someone was watching us. I will not leave the
girl to-day, but will take her back with me”; and sinking beneath the
surface, she drew the girl after her. After they had gone, Thakane
returned to the village, which Masilo had managed to reach before her.
All the rest of the day he sat in a corner weeping, and his mother who
came in asked: “Why are you weeping so bitterly, my son?”
“My head aches,” he answered; “it aches very badly.” And his mother
passed on, and left him alone.
In the evening he said to his wife: “I have seen my daughter, in the
place where you told me you had drowned her. Instead, she lives at the
bottom of the lake, and has now grown into a young woman.”
“I don’t know what you are talking about,” replied Thakane. “I buried
my child under the sand on the beach.”
Then Masilo implored her to give the child back to him; but she would
not listen, and only answered: “If I were to give her back you would
only obey the laws of your country and take her to your father, the
ogre, and she would be eaten.”
But Masilo promised that he would never let his father see her, and
that now she was a woman no one would try to hurt her; so Thakane’s
heart melted, and she went down to the lake to consult the old woman.
“What am I to do?” she asked, when, after clapping her hands, the old
woman appeared before her. “Yesterday Masilo beheld Dilah, and ever
since he has entreated me to give him back his daughter.”
“If I let her go he must pay me a thousand head of cattle in exchange,”
replied the old woman. And Thakane carried her answer back to Masilo.
“Why, I would gladly give her two thousand!” cried he, “for she has
saved my daughter.” And he bade messengers hasten to all the
neighbouring villages, and tell his people to send him at once all the
cattle he possessed. When they were all assembled he chose a thousand
of the finest bulls and cows, and drove them down to the river,
followed by a great crowd wondering what would happen.
Then Thakane stepped forward in front of the cattle and sang:
Bring to me Dilah, Dilah the rejected one, Dilah, whom her father
Masilo cast out!
And Dilah came from the waters holding out her hands to Masilo and
Thakane, and in her place the cattle sank into the lake, and were
driven by the old woman to the great city filled with people, which
lies at the bottom.
[Contes Populaires des Bassoutos.]
Story DNA
Moral
Disobeying unjust laws or traditions, especially out of compassion, can lead to unexpected and positive outcomes, and true parental love transcends societal norms.
Plot Summary
Thakane, out of compassion for her brother's cattle, taps the forbidden sacred tree, Koumongoé, causing it to overflow. Her enraged father, believing she has desecrated the tree, attempts to sacrifice her to an ogre. Along the way, animals question his injustice, and Thakane is ultimately saved by the ogre's kind son, Masilo, whom she marries. When their daughter, Dilah, is born, Thakane discovers a tradition of sacrificing female babies and hides Dilah with a magical old woman in a lake. Years later, Masilo discovers Dilah, and after much pleading, Thakane, with the old woman's help, negotiates Dilah's return in exchange for a thousand cattle, which are then magically absorbed into the lake.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story is presented as a 'Contes Populaires des Bassoutos,' indicating its origin as a folk tale from the Basotho people. The concept of ogres and specific cultural practices like cattle as wealth, and the tragic fate of female infants, reflect elements found in various African folklore traditions.
Plot Beats (13)
- Koane demands milk from the forbidden sacred tree, Koumongoé, threatening to let the cattle starve.
- Thakane, out of fear for the cattle, taps Koumongoé, which then gushes uncontrollably, revealing her disobedience to her parents.
- The parents discover the overflowing milk and, upon returning home, the father decides to punish Thakane for touching the sacred tree.
- The father dresses Thakane in sheepskins and iron rings and leads her to an ogre's dwelling for sacrifice.
- Along the way, various animals question the father's actions, and Thakane explains her compassionate reasons for touching Koumongoé through song.
- At the ogre's village, the ogre's son, Masilo, takes a liking to Thakane and has his father eat her father instead.
- Thakane marries Masilo, but later gives birth to a daughter, Dilah, and learns of the custom to feed female babies to the ogre.
- Thakane hides Dilah with a magical old woman who lives in a lake, visiting her secretly over the years.
- A villager discovers Thakane visiting a grown Dilah, and reports it to Masilo.
- Masilo, pretending to be angry but secretly glad, follows Thakane to the lake and sees Dilah, confirming the villager's story.
- Masilo implores Thakane to bring Dilah back, promising to protect her from the ogre.
- Thakane consults the old woman, who agrees to release Dilah in exchange for a thousand cattle.
- Masilo gathers the cattle, and at the lake, Thakane sings for Dilah, who emerges, while the cattle sink into the lake, joining the old woman's underwater city.
Characters
Koane
Not described, presumed typical for the setting
Attire: Simple clothing appropriate for a cattle herder in a hot climate
Selfish, demanding
Thakane
Described as fair and beautiful
Attire: Simple clothing appropriate for a young girl in a hot climate, later red sheepskins and iron rings
Obedient, compassionate
Father (Masilo)
Not described, presumed typical for the setting
Attire: Simple clothing appropriate for a farmer in a hot climate
Stern, regretful
Mother
Not described, presumed typical for the setting
Attire: Simple clothing appropriate for a farmer in a hot climate
Stern
Rabbit
Ordinary rabbit
Attire: Not applicable
Wise, judgmental
Elands
Great deer
Attire: Not applicable
Wise, judgmental
Old Woman
Not described, presumed typical for an old woman
Attire: Not described, presumed simple
Helpful, magical
Dilah
Tall and slender
Attire: Not described
Not described
Locations
Fields under the hot sun
Fields where the parents work, with shade trees for resting when the sun is high.
Mood: hardworking, exposed
The parents first see the stream of milk and realize something is wrong.
The Hut
A simple dwelling where the children stay while their parents work.
Mood: domestic, vulnerable
Thakane disobeys her parents and cuts the Koumongoé tree, flooding the hut with milk.
Koumongoé Tree
A sacred tree with magical milk.
Mood: forbidden, magical
Koane demands milk from it, leading to Thakane's transgression.
Lake with Willows
A large lake fed by a river, surrounded by tall willows.
Mood: secretive, magical, protective
Thakane meets the old woman and hides her baby, later reuniting with her daughter Dilah.