How the Wicked Tanuki Was Punished
by Andrew Lang · from The Crimson Fairy Book
Original Story

How The Wicked Tanuki Was Punished
The hunters had hunted the wood for so many years that no wild animal
was any more to be found in it. You might walk from one end to the
other without ever seeing a hare, or a deer, or a boar, or hearing the
cooing of the doves in their nest. If they were not dead, they had
flown elsewhere. Only three creatures remained alive, and they had
hidden themselves in the thickest part of the forest, high up the
mountain. These were a grey-furred, long-tailed tanuki, his wife the
fox, who was one of his own family, and their little son.
The fox and the tanuki were very clever, prudent beasts, and they also
were skilled in magic, and by this means had escaped the fate of their
unfortunate friends. If they heard the twang of an arrow or saw the
glitter of a spear, ever so far off, they lay very still, and were not
to be tempted from their hiding-place, if their hunger was ever so
great, or the game ever so delicious. “We are not so foolish as to risk
our lives,” they said to each other proudly. But at length there came a
day when, in spite of their prudence, they seemed likely to die of
starvation, for no more food was to be had. Something had to be done,
but they did not know what.
Suddenly a bright thought struck the tanuki. “I have got a plan,” he
cried joyfully to his wife. “I will pretend to be dead, and you must
change yourself into a man, and take me to the village for sale. It
will be easy to find a buyer, tanukis’ skins are always wanted; then
buy some food with the money and come home again. I will manage to
escape somehow, so do not worry about me.”
The fox laughed with delight, and rubbed her paws together with
satisfaction. “Well, next time I will go,” she said, “and you can sell
me.” And then she changed herself into a man, and picking up the stiff
body of the tanuki, set off towards the village. She found him rather
heavy, but it would never have done to let him walk through the wood
and risk his being seen by somebody.
As the tanaki had foretold, buyers were many, and the fox handed him
over to the person who offered the largest price, and hurried to get
some food with the money. The buyer took the tanuki back to his house,
and throwing him into a corner went out. Directly the tanaki found he
was alone, he crept cautiously through a chink of the window, thinking,
as he did so, how lucky it was that he was not a fox, and was able to
climb. Once outside, he hid himself in a ditch till it grew dusk, and
then galloped away into the forest.
While the food lasted they were all three as happy as kings; but there
soon arrived a day when the larder was as empty as ever. “It is my turn
now to pretend to be dead,” cried the fox. So the tanuki changed
himself into a peasant, and started for the village, with his wife’s
body hanging over his shoulder. A buyer was not long in coming forward,
and while they were making the bargain a wicked thought darted into the
tanuki’s head, that if he got rid of the fox there would be more food
for him and his son. So as he put the money in his pocket he whispered
softly to the buyer that the fox was not really dead, and that if he
did not take care she might run away from him. The man did not need
twice telling. He gave the poor fox a blow on the head, which put an
end to her, and the wicked tanuki went smiling to the nearest shop.
In former times he had been very fond of his little son; but since he
had betrayed his wife he seemed to have changed all in a moment, for he
would not give him as much as a bite, and the poor little fellow would
have starved had he not found some nuts and berries to eat, and he
waited on, always hoping that his mother would come back.
At length some notion of the truth began to dawn on him; but he was
careful to let the old tanuki see nothing, though in his own mind he
turned over plans from morning till night, wondering how best he might
avenge his mother.
One morning, as the little tanuki was sitting with his father, he
remembered, with a start, that his mother had taught him all she knew
of magic, and that he could work spells as well as his father, or
perhaps better. “I am as good a wizard as you,” he said suddenly, and a
cold chill ran through the tanuki as he heard him, though he laughed,
and pretended to think it a joke. But the little tanaki stuck to his
point, and at last the father proposed they should have a wager.
“Change yourself into any shape you like,” said he, “and I will
undertake to know you. I will go and wait on the bridge which leads
over the river to the village, and you shall transform yourself into
anything you please, but I will know you through any disguise.” The
little tanuki agreed, and went down the road which his father had
pointed out. But instead of transforming himself into a different
shape, he just hid himself in a corner of the bridge, where he could
see without being seen.
He had not been there long when his father arrived and took up his
place near the middle of the bridge, and soon after the king came by,
followed by a troop of guards and all his court.
“Ah! he thinks that now he has changed himself into a king I shall not
know him,” thought the old tanuki, and as the king passed in his
splendid carriage, borne by his servants, he jumped upon it crying: “I
have won my wager; you cannot deceive me.” But in reality it was he who
had deceived himself. The soldiers, conceiving that their king was
being attacked, seized the tanuki by the legs and flung him over into
the river, and the water closed over him.
And the little tanoki saw it all, and rejoiced that his mother’s death
had been avenged. Then he went back to the forest, and if he has not
found it too lonely, he is probably living there still.
[From Japanische Mährchen.]
Story DNA
Moral
Greed and betrayal ultimately lead to one's own downfall, and justice, even if harsh, will prevail.
Plot Summary
A family of magical tanuki and fox face starvation in a hunted forest. The tanuki devises a plan to feign death, be sold, and escape, which works successfully. When it's his wife's turn, the tanuki, consumed by greed, betrays her to the buyer, leading to her death. The orphaned son, witnessing his father's cruelty, secretly plots revenge. He challenges his father to a transformation wager, but instead hides, allowing his father to mistake the passing king for his son. The tanuki's boastful leap onto the royal carriage leads to his death at the hands of the guards, avenging the fox's murder.
Themes
Emotional Arc
fear to cunning to betrayal to revenge to satisfaction
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This story is presented as a Japanese folktale, often featuring animals with human-like intelligence and magical abilities, particularly shapeshifting.
Plot Beats (13)
- Hunters deplete the forest, leaving only a magical tanuki, his fox wife, and their son facing starvation.
- The tanuki devises a plan: he will feign death, his wife will transform into a man and sell him, then he will escape.
- The plan succeeds; the tanuki is sold, escapes, and brings food home.
- When food runs out again, the fox offers to be sold, and the tanuki transforms into a peasant to sell her.
- Driven by greed, the tanuki betrays his wife to the buyer, whispering that she is not truly dead, leading to her murder.
- The tanuki becomes cruel and neglectful towards his son, who secretly plans revenge for his mother.
- The son, remembering his magical training, challenges his father to a transformation wager.
- The father proposes they meet on a bridge, and he will identify his son no matter the disguise.
- The son hides on the bridge instead of transforming.
- The father arrives, and soon after, the king's procession passes.
- Mistaking the king for his transformed son, the tanuki leaps onto the royal carriage, claiming victory.
- The king's guards seize the tanuki and throw him into the river, where he drowns.
- The son, having witnessed his father's death, feels his mother's death is avenged and returns to the forest.
Characters
Tanuki
Grey fur, long tail
Attire: None (animal)
Wicked, selfish, cunning
Fox
Implied to be similar to Tanuki in fur and tail, but with fox-like features
Attire: None (animal), but when transformed, peasant clothing
Prudent, clever, loyal (initially)
Little Tanuki
Smaller version of his father, grey fur, long tail
Attire: None (animal)
Loyal, intelligent, vengeful
Buyer
Not described
Attire: Simple clothing of a villager
Gullible, easily manipulated
King
Not described
Attire: Splendid royal robes
Unsuspecting, regal
Locations
Deep Forest
Thickest part of the forest, high up the mountain, where animals hide
Mood: desolate, secretive
The tanuki, fox, and son live in hiding, planning their survival.
Village
A place where tanuki skins are bought and sold, with shops to buy food
Mood: opportunistic, dangerous
The tanuki and fox go to the village to sell each other for food.
Buyer's House
A house with a window chink
Mood: temporary, unsafe
The tanuki escapes after being sold.
Bridge over the River
A bridge leading to the village, with a corner to hide in
Mood: tense, deceptive
The little tanuki tricks his father, leading to the father's demise.