How the Wicked Tanuki Was Punished

by Andrew Lang · from The Crimson Fairy Book

fairy tale moral tale solemn Ages 8-14 1121 words 5 min read
Cover: How the Wicked Tanuki Was Punished
Original Story 1121 words · 5 min read

Cover

How The Wicked Tanuki Was Punished

The hunters had hunted the wood for so many years that no wild animal

was any more to be found in it. You might walk from one end to the

other without ever seeing a hare, or a deer, or a boar, or hearing the

cooing of the doves in their nest. If they were not dead, they had

flown elsewhere. Only three creatures remained alive, and they had

hidden themselves in the thickest part of the forest, high up the

mountain. These were a grey-furred, long-tailed tanuki, his wife the

fox, who was one of his own family, and their little son.

The fox and the tanuki were very clever, prudent beasts, and they also

were skilled in magic, and by this means had escaped the fate of their

unfortunate friends. If they heard the twang of an arrow or saw the

glitter of a spear, ever so far off, they lay very still, and were not

to be tempted from their hiding-place, if their hunger was ever so

great, or the game ever so delicious. “We are not so foolish as to risk

our lives,” they said to each other proudly. But at length there came a

day when, in spite of their prudence, they seemed likely to die of

starvation, for no more food was to be had. Something had to be done,

but they did not know what.

Suddenly a bright thought struck the tanuki. “I have got a plan,” he

cried joyfully to his wife. “I will pretend to be dead, and you must

change yourself into a man, and take me to the village for sale. It

will be easy to find a buyer, tanukis’ skins are always wanted; then

buy some food with the money and come home again. I will manage to

escape somehow, so do not worry about me.”

The fox laughed with delight, and rubbed her paws together with

satisfaction. “Well, next time I will go,” she said, “and you can sell

me.” And then she changed herself into a man, and picking up the stiff

body of the tanuki, set off towards the village. She found him rather

heavy, but it would never have done to let him walk through the wood

and risk his being seen by somebody.

As the tanaki had foretold, buyers were many, and the fox handed him

over to the person who offered the largest price, and hurried to get

some food with the money. The buyer took the tanuki back to his house,

and throwing him into a corner went out. Directly the tanaki found he

was alone, he crept cautiously through a chink of the window, thinking,

as he did so, how lucky it was that he was not a fox, and was able to

climb. Once outside, he hid himself in a ditch till it grew dusk, and

then galloped away into the forest.

While the food lasted they were all three as happy as kings; but there

soon arrived a day when the larder was as empty as ever. “It is my turn

now to pretend to be dead,” cried the fox. So the tanuki changed

himself into a peasant, and started for the village, with his wife’s

body hanging over his shoulder. A buyer was not long in coming forward,

and while they were making the bargain a wicked thought darted into the

tanuki’s head, that if he got rid of the fox there would be more food

for him and his son. So as he put the money in his pocket he whispered

softly to the buyer that the fox was not really dead, and that if he

did not take care she might run away from him. The man did not need

twice telling. He gave the poor fox a blow on the head, which put an

end to her, and the wicked tanuki went smiling to the nearest shop.

In former times he had been very fond of his little son; but since he

had betrayed his wife he seemed to have changed all in a moment, for he

would not give him as much as a bite, and the poor little fellow would

have starved had he not found some nuts and berries to eat, and he

waited on, always hoping that his mother would come back.

At length some notion of the truth began to dawn on him; but he was

careful to let the old tanuki see nothing, though in his own mind he

turned over plans from morning till night, wondering how best he might

avenge his mother.

One morning, as the little tanuki was sitting with his father, he

remembered, with a start, that his mother had taught him all she knew

of magic, and that he could work spells as well as his father, or

perhaps better. “I am as good a wizard as you,” he said suddenly, and a

cold chill ran through the tanuki as he heard him, though he laughed,

and pretended to think it a joke. But the little tanaki stuck to his

point, and at last the father proposed they should have a wager.

“Change yourself into any shape you like,” said he, “and I will

undertake to know you. I will go and wait on the bridge which leads

over the river to the village, and you shall transform yourself into

anything you please, but I will know you through any disguise.” The

little tanuki agreed, and went down the road which his father had

pointed out. But instead of transforming himself into a different

shape, he just hid himself in a corner of the bridge, where he could

see without being seen.

He had not been there long when his father arrived and took up his

place near the middle of the bridge, and soon after the king came by,

followed by a troop of guards and all his court.

“Ah! he thinks that now he has changed himself into a king I shall not

know him,” thought the old tanuki, and as the king passed in his

splendid carriage, borne by his servants, he jumped upon it crying: “I

have won my wager; you cannot deceive me.” But in reality it was he who

had deceived himself. The soldiers, conceiving that their king was

being attacked, seized the tanuki by the legs and flung him over into

the river, and the water closed over him.

And the little tanoki saw it all, and rejoiced that his mother’s death

had been avenged. Then he went back to the forest, and if he has not

found it too lonely, he is probably living there still.

[From Japanische Mährchen.]


Story DNA

Moral

Greed and betrayal ultimately lead to one's own downfall, and justice, even if harsh, will prevail.

Plot Summary

A family of magical tanuki and fox face starvation in a hunted forest. The tanuki devises a plan to feign death, be sold, and escape, which works successfully. When it's his wife's turn, the tanuki, consumed by greed, betrays her to the buyer, leading to her death. The orphaned son, witnessing his father's cruelty, secretly plots revenge. He challenges his father to a transformation wager, but instead hides, allowing his father to mistake the passing king for his son. The tanuki's boastful leap onto the royal carriage leads to his death at the hands of the guards, avenging the fox's murder.

Themes

betrayalrevengeconsequences of greedfilial piety

Emotional Arc

fear to cunning to betrayal to revenge to satisfaction

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three (implied, with the three family members), foreshadowing

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person (tanuki vs fox, tanuki vs son) and person vs self (tanuki's greed)
Ending: moral justice
Magic: shapeshifting (tanuki and fox transforming into humans), magical knowledge/spells
the forest (as a place of survival and danger)the bridge (as a place of confrontation and fate)

Cultural Context

Origin: Japanese
Era: timeless fairy tale

This story is presented as a Japanese folktale, often featuring animals with human-like intelligence and magical abilities, particularly shapeshifting.

Plot Beats (13)

  1. Hunters deplete the forest, leaving only a magical tanuki, his fox wife, and their son facing starvation.
  2. The tanuki devises a plan: he will feign death, his wife will transform into a man and sell him, then he will escape.
  3. The plan succeeds; the tanuki is sold, escapes, and brings food home.
  4. When food runs out again, the fox offers to be sold, and the tanuki transforms into a peasant to sell her.
  5. Driven by greed, the tanuki betrays his wife to the buyer, whispering that she is not truly dead, leading to her murder.
  6. The tanuki becomes cruel and neglectful towards his son, who secretly plans revenge for his mother.
  7. The son, remembering his magical training, challenges his father to a transformation wager.
  8. The father proposes they meet on a bridge, and he will identify his son no matter the disguise.
  9. The son hides on the bridge instead of transforming.
  10. The father arrives, and soon after, the king's procession passes.
  11. Mistaking the king for his transformed son, the tanuki leaps onto the royal carriage, claiming victory.
  12. The king's guards seize the tanuki and throw him into the river, where he drowns.
  13. The son, having witnessed his father's death, feels his mother's death is avenged and returns to the forest.

Characters

✦

Tanuki

tanuki adult male

Grey fur, long tail

Attire: None (animal)

Grey fur and long bushy tail

Wicked, selfish, cunning

✦

Fox

fox adult female

Implied to be similar to Tanuki in fur and tail, but with fox-like features

Attire: None (animal), but when transformed, peasant clothing

Reddish fur and a sly expression

Prudent, clever, loyal (initially)

✦

Little Tanuki

tanuki child male

Smaller version of his father, grey fur, long tail

Attire: None (animal)

Small size and determined expression

Loyal, intelligent, vengeful

👤

Buyer

human adult male

Not described

Attire: Simple clothing of a villager

Carrying a tanuki or fox

Gullible, easily manipulated

👤

King

human adult male

Not described

Attire: Splendid royal robes

Splendid royal carriage

Unsuspecting, regal

Locations

Deep Forest

outdoor

Thickest part of the forest, high up the mountain, where animals hide

Mood: desolate, secretive

The tanuki, fox, and son live in hiding, planning their survival.

trees undergrowth mountain hiding places

Village

outdoor

A place where tanuki skins are bought and sold, with shops to buy food

Mood: opportunistic, dangerous

The tanuki and fox go to the village to sell each other for food.

shops houses people market

Buyer's House

indoor

A house with a window chink

Mood: temporary, unsafe

The tanuki escapes after being sold.

corner window chink ditch outside

Bridge over the River

transitional morning

A bridge leading to the village, with a corner to hide in

Mood: tense, deceptive

The little tanuki tricks his father, leading to the father's demise.

river stone bridge hiding place road