Lovely Ilonka
by Andrew Lang · from The Crimson Fairy Book
Original Story

Lovely Ilonka
There was once a king’s son who told his father that he wished to
marry.
“No, no!” said the king; “you must not be in such a hurry. Wait till
you have done some great deed. My father did not let me marry till I
had won the golden sword you see me wear.”
The prince was much disappointed, but he never dreamed of disobeying
his father, and he began to think with all his might what he could do.
It was no use staying at home, so one day he wandered out into the
world to try his luck, and as he walked along he came to a little hut
in which he found an old woman crouching over the fire.
“Good evening, mother. I see you have lived long in this world; do you
know anything about the three bulrushes?”
“Yes, indeed, I’ve lived long and been much about in the world, but I
have never seen or heard anything of what you ask. Still, if you will
wait till to-morrow I may be able to tell you something.”
Well, he waited till the morning, and quite early the old woman
appeared and took out a little pipe and blew in it, and in a moment all
the crows in the world were flying about her. Not one was missing. Then
she asked if they knew anything about the three bulrushes, but not one
of them did.
The prince went on his way, and a little further on he found another
hut in which lived an old man. On being questioned the old man said he
knew nothing, but begged the prince to stay overnight, and the next
morning the old man called all the ravens together, but they too had
nothing to tell.
The prince bade him farewell and set out. He wandered so far that he
crossed seven kingdoms, and at last, one evening, he came to a little
house in which was an old woman.
“Good evening, dear mother,” said he politely.
“Good evening to you, my dear son,” answered the old woman. “It is
lucky for you that you spoke to me or you would have met with a
horrible death. But may I ask where are you going?”
“I am seeking the three bulrushes. Do you know anything about them?”
“I don’t know anything myself, but wait till to-morrow. Perhaps I can
tell you then.” So the next morning she blew on her pipe, and lo! and
behold every magpie in the world flew up. That is to say, all the
magpies except one who had broken a leg and a wing. The old woman sent
after it at once, and when she questioned the magpies the crippled one
was the only one who knew where the three bulrushes were.
Then the prince started off with the lame magpie. They went on and on
till they reached a great stone wall, many, many feet high.
“Now, prince,” said the magpie, “the three bulrushes are behind that
wall.”
The prince wasted no time. He set his horse at the wall and leaped over
it. Then he looked about for the three bulrushes, pulled them up and
set off with them on his way home. As he rode along one of the
bulrushes happened to knock against something. It split open and, only
think! out sprang a lovely girl, who said: “My heart’s love, you are
mine and I am yours; do give me a glass of water.”
But how could the prince give it her when there was no water at hand?
So the lovely maiden flew away. He split the second bulrush as an
experiment and just the same thing happened.
How careful he was of the third bulrush! He waited till he came to a
well, and there he split it open, and out sprang a maiden seven times
lovelier than either of the others, and she too said: “My heart’s love,
I am yours and you are mine; do give me a glass of water.”
This time the water was ready and the girl did not fly away, but she
and the prince promised to love each other always. Then they set out
for home.
They soon reached the prince’s country, and as he wished to bring his
promised bride back in a fine coach he went on to the town to fetch
one. In the field where the well was, the king’s swineherds and
cowherds were feeding their droves, and the prince left Ilonka (for
that was her name) in their care.
Unluckily the chief swineherd had an ugly old daughter, and whilst the
prince was away he dressed her up in fine clothes, and threw Ilonka
into the well.
The prince returned before long, bringing with him his father and
mother and a great train of courtiers to escort Ilonka home. But how
they all stared when they saw the swineherd’s ugly daughter! However,
there was nothing for it but to take her home; and, two days later, the
prince married her, and his father gave up the crown to him.
But he had no peace! He knew very well he had been cheated, though he
could not think how. Once he desired to have some water brought him
from the well into which Ilonka had been thrown. The coachman went for
it and, in the bucket he pulled up, a pretty little duck was swimming.
He looked wonderingly at it, and all of a sudden it disappeared and he
found a dirty looking girl standing near him. The girl returned with
him and managed to get a place as housemaid in the palace.
Of course she was very busy all day long, but whenever she had a little
spare time she sat down to spin. Her distaff turned of itself and her
spindle span by itself and the flax wound itself off; and however much
she might use there was always plenty left.
When the queen—or, rather, the swineherd’s daughter—heard of this, she
very much wished to have the distaff, but the girl flatly refused to
give it to her. However, at last she consented on condition that she
might sleep one night in the king’s room. The queen was very angry, and
scolded her well; but as she longed to have the distaff she consented,
though she gave the king a sleeping draught at supper.
Then the girl went to the king’s room looking seven times lovelier than
ever. She bent over the sleeper and said: “My heart’s love, I am yours
and you are mine. Speak to me but once; I am your Ilonka.” But the king
was so sound asleep he neither heard nor spoke, and Ilonka left the
room, sadly thinking he was ashamed to own her.
Soon after the queen again sent to say that she wanted to buy the
spindle. The girl agreed to let her have it on the same conditions as
before; but this time, also, the queen took care to give the king a
sleeping draught. And once more Ilonka went to the king’s room and
spoke to him; whisper as sweetly as she might she could get no answer.
Now some of the king’s servants had taken note of the matter, and
warned their master not to eat and drink anything that the queen
offered him, as for two nights running she had given him a sleeping
draught. The queen had no idea that her doings had been discovered; and
when, a few days later, she wanted the flax, and had to pay the same
price for it, she felt no fears at all.
At supper that night the queen offered the king all sorts of nice
things to eat and drink, but he declared he was not hungry, and went
early to bed.
The queen repented bitterly her promise to the girl, but it was too
late to recall it; for Ilonka had already entered the king’s room,
where he lay anxiously waiting for something, he knew not what. All of
a sudden he saw a lovely maiden who bent over him and said: “My dearest
love, I am yours and you are mine. Speak to me, for I am your Ilonka.”
At these words the king’s heart bounded within him. He sprang up and
embraced and kissed her, and she told him all her adventures since the
moment he had left her. And when he heard all that Ilonka had suffered,
and how he had been deceived, he vowed he would be revenged; so he gave
orders that the swineherd, his wife and daughter should all be hanged;
and so they were.
The next day the king was married, with great rejoicings, to the fair
Ilonka; and if they are not yet dead—why, they are still living.
[From Ungarische Mährchen.]
Story DNA
Moral
True love and virtue will eventually triumph over deceit and wickedness.
Plot Summary
A prince, tasked with a great deed before marriage, seeks the mythical three bulrushes. He finds them, and from the third, the beautiful Ilonka emerges, whom he promises to marry. However, while he fetches a coach, a wicked swineherd replaces Ilonka with his ugly daughter, throwing Ilonka into a well where she transforms into a duck, then a housemaid. Through magical spinning tools, Ilonka repeatedly tries to reveal her identity to the king, who is drugged by the false queen. Eventually, warned by servants, the king stays awake, hears Ilonka's story, and restores her to her rightful place, punishing the deceivers.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale from 'Ungarische Mährchen' (Hungarian Fairy Tales), reflecting Central European folkloric traditions.
Plot Beats (15)
- A prince is told by his father he must perform a great deed before marrying.
- The prince leaves home to find the 'three bulrushes'.
- He consults three old women, each with a different bird (crows, ravens, magpies), to learn the location of the bulrushes.
- A crippled magpie guides him to a high wall, behind which he finds the bulrushes.
- He opens the first two bulrushes, releasing maidens who fly away due to lack of water.
- He opens the third bulrush by a well, releasing Ilonka, whom he promises to marry.
- The prince leaves Ilonka with swineherds to fetch a coach and his family.
- The chief swineherd throws Ilonka into the well and replaces her with his ugly daughter.
- The prince, his family, and courtiers are dismayed by the ugly bride but proceed with the marriage; the prince becomes king.
- Ilonka, transformed into a duck in the well, is found by a coachman and becomes a housemaid in the palace.
- Ilonka possesses magical spinning tools that attract the false queen's attention.
- Ilonka agrees to sell her tools if she can sleep in the king's room, but the false queen drugs the king.
- Ilonka attempts to speak to the king twice, but he is asleep and doesn't hear her pleas.
- Servants warn the king about the sleeping draughts, and he pretends to sleep, allowing Ilonka to reveal herself and her story.
- The king executes the swineherd family, marries Ilonka, and they live happily ever after.
Characters
Prince
Not described, but assumed to be handsome and strong.
Attire: Princely attire, including fine fabrics, possibly a tunic, hose, and boots. Later, royal robes.
Determined, easily deceived, ultimately just.
Lovely Ilonka
Described as 'lovely' and 'seven times lovelier' than the other maidens.
Attire: Initially appears from the bulrush in simple attire, later as a housemaid in plain clothes, and finally in royal wedding garments.
Patient, loving, persistent.
King
Not described, but assumed to be regal and imposing.
Attire: Royal robes and crown, signifying his authority.
Wise, traditional, trusting.
Swineherd's Ugly Daughter
Described as 'ugly'.
Attire: Initially plain peasant clothes, then fine clothes stolen from Ilonka.
Deceitful, greedy, opportunistic.
Old Woman (Magpie)
Wrinkled face, hunched posture.
Attire: Simple, rustic clothing suitable for an old woman living in a hut.
Helpful, knowledgeable, resourceful.
Locations
Old Woman's Hut
A small, humble dwelling with an old woman crouching over a fire.
Mood: isolated, humble, possibly magical
The prince seeks information about the three bulrushes and learns how to summon the magpies.
Stone Wall
A great stone wall, many feet high, concealing the three bulrushes.
Mood: mysterious, barrier
The prince leaps over the wall to find the three bulrushes.
Well in a Field
A well located in a field where the king's swineherds and cowherds are feeding their droves.
Mood: pastoral, fateful
Ilonka emerges from the third bulrush; Ilonka is thrown into the well by the swineherd's daughter.
Royal Palace
The grand residence of the king and later the prince, where the prince marries the swineherd's daughter.
Mood: deceptive, tense, eventually triumphant
The prince is tricked into marrying the swineherd's daughter; Ilonka works as a housemaid and attempts to reveal her identity; the king discovers the truth and punishes the villains.