Shepherd Paul
by Andrew Lang · from The Crimson Fairy Book
Original Story

Shepherd Paul
Once upon a time a shepherd was taking his flock out to pasture, when
he found a little baby lying in a meadow, left there by some wicked
person, who thought it was too much trouble to look after it. The
shepherd was fond of children, so he took the baby home with him and
gave it plenty of milk, and by the time the boy was fourteen he could
tear up oaks as if they were weeds. Then Paul, as the shepherd had
called him, grew tired of living at home, and went out into the world
to try his luck.
He walked on for many miles, seeing nothing that surprised him, but in
an open space of the wood he was astonished at finding a man combing
trees as another man would comb flax.
“Good morning, friend,” said Paul; “upon my word, you must be a strong
man!”
The man stopped his work and laughed. “I am Tree Comber,” he answered
proudly; “and the greatest wish of my life is to wrestle with Shepherd
Paul.”
“May all your wishes be fulfilled as easily, for I am Shepherd Paul,
and can wrestle with you at once,” replied the lad; and he seized Tree
Comber and flung him with such force to the ground that he sank up to
his knees in the earth. However, in a moment he was up again, and
catching hold of Paul, threw him so that he sank up to his waist; but
then it was Paul’s turn again, and this time the man was buried up to
his neck. “That is enough,” cried he; “I see you are a smart fellow,
let us become friends.”
“Very good,” answered Paul, and they continued their journey together.
By-and-by they reached a man who was grinding stones to powder in his
hands, as if they had been nuts.
“Good morning,” said Paul politely; “upon my word, you must be a strong
fellow!”
“I am Stone Crusher,” answered the man, and the greatest wish of my
life is to wrestle with Shepherd Paul.”
“May all your wishes be as easily fulfilled, for I am Shepherd Paul,
and will wrestle with you at once,” and the sport began. After a short
time the man declared himself beaten, and begged leave to go with them;
so they all three travelled together.
A little further on they came upon a man who was kneading iron as if it
had been dough. “Good morning,” said Paul, “you must be a strong
fellow.”
“I am Iron Kneader, and should like to fight Shepherd Paul,” answered
he.
“Let us begin at once then,” replied Paul; and on this occasion also,
Paul got the better of his foe, and they all four continued their
journey.
At midday they entered a forest, and Paul stopped suddenly. “We three
will go and look for game,” he said, “and you, Tree Comber, will stay
behind and prepare a good supper for us.” So Tree Comber set to work to
boil and roast, and when dinner was nearly ready, a little dwarf with a
pointed beard strolled up to the place. “What are you cooking?” asked
he, “give me some of it.”
“I’ll give you some on your back, if you like,” answered Tree Comber
rudely. The dwarf took no notice, but waited patiently till the dinner
was cooked, then suddenly throwing Tree Comber on the ground, he ate up
the contents of the saucepan and vanished. Tree Comber felt rather
ashamed of himself, and set about boiling some more vegetables, but
they were still very hard when the hunters returned, and though they
complained of his bad cooking, he did not tell them about the dwarf.
Next day Stone Crusher was left behind, and after him Iron Kneader, and
each time the dwarf appeared, and they fared no better than Tree Comber
had done. The fourth day Paul said to them: “My friends, there must be
some reason why your cooking has always been so bad, now you shall go
and hunt and I will stay behind.” So they went off, amusing themselves
by thinking what was in store for Paul.
He set to work at once, and had just got all his vegetables simmering
in the pot when the dwarf appeared as before, and asked to have some of
the stew. “Be off,” cried Paul, snatching up the saucepan as he spoke.
The dwarf tried to get hold of his collar, but Paul seized him by the
beard, and tied him to a big tree so that he could not stir, and went
on quietly with his cooking. The hunters came back early, longing to
see how Paul had got on, and, to their surprise, dinner was quite ready
for them.
“You are great useless creatures,” said he, “who couldn’t even outwit
that little dwarf. When we have finished supper I will show you what I
have done with him!” But when they reached the place where Paul had
left the dwarf, neither he nor the tree was to be seen, for the little
fellow had pulled it up by the roots and run away, dragging it after
him. The four friends followed the track of the tree and found that it
ended in a deep hole. “He must have gone down here,” said Paul, “and I
will go after him. See! there is a basket that will do for me to sit
in, and a cord to lower me with. But when I pull the cord again, lose
no time in drawing the basket up.”
And he stepped into the basket, which was lowered by his friends.
At last it touched the ground and he jumped out and looked about him.
He was in a beautiful valley, full of meadows and streams, with a
splendid castle standing by. As the door was open he walked in, but a
lovely maiden met him and implored him to go back, for the owner of the
castle was a dragon with six heads, who had stolen her from her home
and brought her down to this underground spot. But Paul refused to
listen to all her entreaties, and declared that he was not afraid of
the dragon, and did not care how many heads he had; and he sat down
calmly to wait for him.
In a little while the dragon came in, and all the long teeth in his six
heads chattered with anger at the sight of the stranger.
“I am Shepherd Paul,” said the young man, “and I have come to fight
you, and as I am in a hurry we had better begin at once.”
“Very good,” answered the dragon. “I am sure of my supper, but let us
have a mouthful of something first, just to give us an appetite.”
Whereupon he began to eat some huge boulders as if they had been cakes,
and when he had quite finished, he offered Paul one. Paul was not fond
of boulders, but he took a wooden knife and cut one in two, then he
snatched up both halves in his hands and threw them with all his
strength at the dragon, so that two out of the six heads were smashed
in. At this the dragon, with a mighty roar, rushed upon Paul, but he
sprang on one side, and with a swinging blow cut off two of the other
heads. Then, seizing the monster by the neck, he dashed the remaining
heads against the rock.
When the maiden heard that the dragon was dead, she thanked her
deliverer with tears in her eyes, but told him that her two younger
sisters were in the power of dragons still fiercer and more horrible
than this one. He vowed that his sword should never rest in its sheath
till they were set free, and bade the girl come with him, and show him
the way.
The maiden gladly consented to go with him, but first she gave him a
golden rod, and bade him strike the castle with it. He did so, and it
instantly changed into a golden apple, which he put in his pocket.
After that, they started on their search.
They had not gone far before they reached the castle where the second
girl was confined by the power of the dragon with twelve heads, who had
stolen her from her home. She was overjoyed at the sight of her sister
and of Paul, and brought him a shirt belonging to the dragon, which
made every one who wore it twice as strong as they were before.
Scarcely had he put it on when the dragon came back, and the fight
began. Long and hard was the struggle, but Paul’s sword and his shirt
helped him, and the twelve heads lay dead upon the ground.
Then Paul changed the castle into an apple, which he put into his
pocket, and set out with the two girls in search of the third castle.
It was not long before they found it, and within the walls was the
third sister, who was younger and prettier than either of the other
two. Her husband had eighteen heads, but when he quitted the lower
regions for the surface of the earth, he left them all at home except
one, which he changed for the head of a little dwarf, with a pointed
beard.
The moment that Paul knew that this terrible dragon was no other than
the dwarf whom he had tied to the tree, he longed more than ever to fly
at his throat. But the thought of the eighteen heads warned him to be
careful, and the third sister brought him a silk shirt which would make
him ten times stronger than he was before.
He had scarcely put it on, when the whole castle began to shake
violently, and the dragon flew up the steps into the hall.
“Well, my friend, so we meet once more! Have you forgotten me? I am
Shepherd Paul, and I have come to wrestle with you, and to free your
wife from your clutches.”
“Ah, I am glad to see you again,” said the dragon. “Those were my two
brothers whom you killed, and now your blood shall pay for them.” And
he went into his room to look for his shirt and to drink some magic
wine, but the shirt was on Paul’s back, and as for the wine, the girl
had given a cupful to Paul and then had allowed the rest to run out of
the cask.
At this the dragon grew rather frightened, but in a moment had
recollected his eighteen heads, and was bold again.
“Come on,” he cried, rearing himself up and preparing to dart all his
heads at once at Paul. But Paul jumped underneath, and gave an upward
cut so that six of the heads went rolling down. They were the best
heads too, and very soon the other twelve lay beside them. Then Paul
changed the castle into an apple, and put it in his pocket. Afterwards
he and the three girls set off for the opening which led upwards to the
earth.
The basket was still there, dangling from the rope, but it was only big
enough to hold the three girls, so Paul sent them up, and told them to
be sure and let down the basket for him. Unluckily, at the sight of the
maidens’ beauty, so far beyond anything they had ever seen, the friends
forgot all about Paul, and carried the girls straight away into a far
country, so that they were not much better off than before. Meanwhile
Paul, mad with rage at the ingratitude of the three sisters, vowed he
would be revenged upon them, and set about finding some way of getting
back to earth. But it was not very easy, and for months, and months,
and months, he wandered about underground, and, at the end, seemed no
nearer to fulfilling his purpose than he was at the beginning.
At length, one day, he happened to pass the nest of a huge griffin, who
had left her young ones all alone. Just as Paul came along a cloud
containing fire instead of rain burst overhead, and all the little
griffins would certainly have been killed had not Paul spread his cloak
over the nest and saved them. When their father returned the young ones
told him what Paul had done, and he lost no time in flying after Paul,
and asking how he could reward him for his goodness.
“By carrying me up to the earth,” answered Paul; and the griffin
agreed, but first went to get some food to eat on the way, as it was a
long journey.
“Now get on my back,” he said to Paul, “and when I turn my head to the
right, cut a slice off the bullock that hangs on that side, and put it
in my mouth, and when I turn my head to the left, draw a cupful of wine
from the cask that hangs on that side, and pour it down my throat.”
For three days and three nights Paul and the griffin flew upwards, and
on the fourth morning it touched the ground just outside the city where
Paul’s friends had gone to live. Then Paul thanked him and bade him
farewell, and he returned home again.
At first Paul was too tired to do anything but sleep, but as soon as he
was rested he started off in search of the three faithless ones, who
almost died from fright at the sight of him, for they had thought he
would never come back to reproach them for their wickedness.
“You know what to expect,” Paul said to them quietly. “You shall never
see me again. Off with you!” He next took the three apples out of his
pocket and placed them all in the prettiest places he could find; after
which he tapped them with his golden rod, and they became castles
again. He gave two of the castles to the eldest sisters, and kept the
other for himself and the youngest, whom he married, and there they are
living still.
[From Ungarische Mährchen.]
Story DNA
Moral
Good deeds are rewarded, and betrayal, though it may offer temporary gain, ultimately leads to loss and regret.
Plot Summary
Shepherd Paul, a foundling of immense strength, leaves home and befriends three other strong men after defeating them. They encounter a mischievous dwarf who steals their food, but Paul captures him. Following the dwarf's escape, Paul descends into an underground world where he rescues three sisters from multi-headed dragons, one of whom is the dwarf. His companions betray him, abandoning him underground, but Paul is rescued by a grateful griffin. Returning to the surface, Paul dispenses justice, banishes his faithless friends, restores the castles, and marries the youngest sister.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence to wisdom
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale from 'Ungarische Mährchen' (Hungarian Fairy Tales), indicating its origin in Hungarian folklore, which often features strong heroes and mythical creatures.
Plot Beats (15)
- Shepherd finds and raises an abandoned baby, Paul, who grows to be incredibly strong.
- Paul leaves home and encounters Tree Comber, whom he defeats in a wrestling match and befriends.
- Paul and Tree Comber encounter Stone Crusher, whom Paul defeats and befriends.
- The three encounter Iron Kneader, whom Paul defeats and befriends, forming a group of four strong men.
- During a hunting trip, a dwarf repeatedly steals food from Paul's companions, who are too ashamed to admit it.
- Paul stays behind, captures the dwarf, and ties him to a tree, but the dwarf escapes by uprooting the tree.
- Paul and his friends follow the dwarf's trail to a deep hole, and Paul descends into the underground world.
- Paul finds a castle, rescues a maiden from a six-headed dragon, and defeats the dragon by smashing its heads with boulders and his sword.
- The maiden reveals her two sisters are also held captive by fiercer dragons; Paul vows to rescue them, transforming the castle into a golden apple.
- Paul, aided by a strength-enhancing shirt, defeats a twelve-headed dragon and rescues the second sister, transforming her castle into an apple.
- Paul, aided by an even stronger shirt, defeats the eighteen-headed dragon (revealed to be the dwarf) and rescues the third sister, transforming her castle into an apple.
- Paul sends the three sisters up to the surface in a basket, but his companions, captivated by the maidens, abandon Paul and take the girls away.
- Paul wanders underground for months, then saves griffin chicks from a fiery cloud, earning the gratitude of their father.
- The griffin carries Paul back to the surface, feeding him bullock and wine during the long journey.
- Paul confronts his faithless companions, banishes them, restores the castles, and marries the youngest sister, living happily ever after.
Characters
Shepherd Paul
Strong, capable of tearing up oaks
Attire: Simple shepherd's clothing, likely tunic, leggings, and perhaps a cloak
Brave, resourceful, forgiving
Tree Comber
Strong enough to comb trees like flax
Attire: Simple, sturdy clothing suitable for working in the woods
Proud, easily outwitted, friendly
Stone Crusher
Strong enough to crush stones to powder in his hands
Attire: Simple, sturdy clothing suitable for working with stone
Strong, easily defeated, friendly
Iron Kneader
Strong enough to knead iron like dough
Attire: Simple, sturdy clothing suitable for working with iron
Strong, easily defeated, friendly
Dwarf
Small stature, pointed beard
Attire: Traditional dwarf attire, perhaps a tunic and cap
Mischievous, tricky, vengeful
Dragon
Six heads with long teeth
Aggressive, territorial, easily defeated
Second Dragon
Twelve heads
Aggressive, territorial, easily defeated
Third Dragon
Eighteen heads (usually disguised as a dwarf)
Attire: None (or dwarf attire when disguised)
Vengeful, tricky, ultimately defeated
Locations
Meadow
A grassy field where the shepherd finds the baby Paul
Mood: peaceful, serendipitous
Paul is discovered as a baby
Open space in the wood
An area in the forest large enough for wrestling
Mood: neutral, challenging
Paul wrestles Tree Comber
Underground valley
A beautiful valley with meadows, streams, and a splendid castle
Mood: magical, dangerous
Paul descends and meets the dragon
Dragon's castle hall
Hall inside the castle of the dragon
Mood: eerie, tense
Paul fights the dragons and rescues the princesses
Griffin's nest
A large nest high up, containing young griffins
Mood: dangerous, then grateful
Paul saves the griffins and is repaid with a ride to the surface