The Prince and the Dragon
by Andrew Lang · from The Crimson Fairy Book
Original Story

The Prince And The Dragon
Once upon a time there lived an emperor who had three sons. They were
all fine young men, and fond of hunting, and scarcely a day passed
without one or other of them going out to look for game.
One morning the eldest of the three princes mounted his horse and set
out for a neighbouring forest, where wild animals of all sorts were to
be found. He had not long left the castle, when a hare sprang out of a
thicket and dashed across the road in front. The young man gave chase
at once, and pursued it over hill and dale, till at last the hare took
refuge in a mill which was standing by the side of a river. The prince
followed and entered the mill, but stopped in terror by the door, for,
instead of a hare, before him stood a dragon, breathing fire and flame.
At this fearful sight the prince turned to fly, but a fiery tongue
coiled round his waist, and drew him into the dragon’s mouth, and he
was seen no more.
A week passed away, and when the prince never came back everyone in the
town began to grow uneasy. At last his next brother told the emperor
that he likewise would go out to hunt, and that perhaps he would find
some clue as to his brother’s disappearance. But hardly had the castle
gates closed on the prince than the hare sprang out of the bushes as
before, and led the huntsman up hill and down dale, till they reached
the mill. Into this the hare flew with the prince at his heels, when,
lo! instead of the hare, there stood a dragon breathing fire and flame;
and out shot a fiery tongue which coiled round the prince’s waist, and
lifted him straight into the dragon’s mouth, and he was seen no more.
Days went by, and the emperor waited and waited for the sons who never
came, and could not sleep at night for wondering where they were and
what had become of them. His youngest son wished to go in search of his
brothers, but for long the emperor refused to listen to him, lest he
should lose him also. But the prince prayed so hard for leave to make
the search, and promised so often that he would be very cautious and
careful, that at length the emperor gave him permission, and ordered
the best horse in the stables to be saddled for him.
Full of hope the young prince started on his way, but no sooner was he
outside the city walls than a hare sprang out of the bushes and ran
before him, till they reached the mill. As before, the animal dashed in
through the open door, but this time he was not followed by the prince.
Wiser than his brothers, the young man turned away, saying to himself:
“There are as good hares in the forest as any that have come out of it,
and when I have caught them, I can come back and look for you.”
For many hours he rode up and down the mountain, but saw nothing, and
at last, tired of waiting, he went back to the mill. Here he found an
old woman sitting, whom he greeted pleasantly.
“Good morning to you, little mother,” he said; and the old woman
answered: “Good morning, my son.”
“Tell me, little mother,” went on the prince, “where shall I find my
hare?”
“My son,” replied the old woman, “that was no hare, but a dragon who
has led many men hither, and then has eaten them all.” At these words
the prince’s heart grew heavy, and he cried, “Then my brothers must
have come here, and have been eaten by the dragon!”
“You have guessed right,” answered the old woman; “and I can give you
no better counsel than to go home at once, before the same fate
overtakes you.”
“Will you not come with me out of this dreadful place?” said the young
man.
“He took me prisoner, too,” answered she, “and I cannot shake off his
chains.”
“Then listen to me,” cried the prince. “When the dragon comes back, ask
him where he always goes when he leaves here, and what makes him so
strong; and when you have coaxed the secret from him, tell me the next
time I come.”
So the prince went home, and the old woman remained in the mill, and as
soon as the dragon returned she said to him:
“Where have you been all this time—you must have travelled far?”
“Yes, little mother, I have indeed travelled far.” answered he. Then
the old woman began to flatter him, and to praise his cleverness; and
when she thought she had got him into a good temper, she said: “I have
wondered so often where you get your strength from; I do wish you would
tell me. I would stoop and kiss the place out of pure love!” The dragon
laughed at this, and answered:
“In the hearthstone yonder lies the secret of my strength.”
Then the old woman jumped up and kissed the hearth; whereat the dragon
laughed the more, and said:
“You foolish creature! I was only jesting. It is not in the
hearthstone, but in that tall tree that lies the secret of my
strength.” Then the old woman jumped up again and put her arms round
the tree, and kissed it heartily. Loudly laughed the dragon when he saw
what she was doing.
“Old fool,” he cried, as soon as he could speak, “did you really
believe that my strength came from that tree?”
“Where is it then?” asked the old woman, rather crossly, for she did
not like being made fun of.
“My strength,” replied the dragon, “lies far away; so far that you
could never reach it. Far, far from here is a kingdom, and by its
capital city is a lake, and in the lake is a dragon, and inside the
dragon is a wild boar, and inside the wild boar is a pigeon, and inside
the pigeon a sparrow, and inside the sparrow is my strength.” And when
the old woman heard this, she thought it was no use flattering him any
longer, for never, never, could she take his strength from him.
The following morning, when the dragon had left the mill, the prince
came back, and the old woman told him all that the creature had said.
He listened in silence, and then returned to the castle, where he put
on a suit of shepherd’s clothes, and taking a staff in his hand, he
went forth to seek a place as tender of sheep.
For some time he wandered from village to village and from town to
town, till he came at length to a large city in a distant kingdom,
surrounded on three sides by a great lake, which happened to be the
very lake in which the dragon lived. As was his custom, he stopped
everybody whom he met in the streets that looked likely to want a
shepherd and begged them to engage him, but they all seemed to have
shepherds of their own, or else not to need any. The prince was
beginning to lose heart, when a man who had overheard his question
turned round and said that he had better go and ask the emperor, as he
was in search of some one to see after his flocks.
“Will you take care of my sheep?” said the emperor, when the young man
knelt before him.
“Most willingly, your Majesty,” answered the young man, and he listened
obediently while the emperor told him what he was to do.
“Outside the city walls,” went on the emperor, “you will find a large
lake, and by its banks lie the richest meadows in my kingdom. When you
are leading out your flocks to pasture, they will all run straight to
these meadows, and none that have gone there have ever been known to
come back. Take heed, therefore, my son, not to suffer your sheep to go
where they will, but drive them to any spot that you think best.”
With a low bow the prince thanked the emperor for his warning, and
promised to do his best to keep the sheep safe. Then he left the palace
and went to the market-place, where he bought two greyhounds, a hawk,
and a set of pipes; after that he took the sheep out to pasture. The
instant the animals caught sight of the lake lying before them, they
trotted off as fast as their legs would go to the green meadows lying
round it. The prince did not try to stop them; he only placed his hawk
on the branch of a tree, laid his pipes on the grass, and bade the
greyhounds sit still; then, rolling up his sleeves and trousers, he
waded into the water crying as he did so: “Dragon! dragon! if you are
not a coward, come out and fight with me!” And a voice answered from
the depths of the lake:
“I am waiting for you, O prince”; and the next minute the dragon reared
himself out of the water, huge and horrible to see. The prince sprang
upon him and they grappled with each other and fought together till the
sun was high, and it was noonday. Then the dragon gasped:
“O prince, let me dip my burning head once into the lake, and I will
hurl you up to the top of the sky.” But the prince answered, “Oh, ho!
my good dragon, do not crow too soon! If the emperor’s daughter were
only here, and would kiss me on the forehead, I would throw you up
higher still!” And suddenly the dragon’s hold loosened, and he fell
back into the lake.
As soon as it was evening, the prince washed away all signs of the
fight, took his hawk upon his shoulder, and his pipes under his arm,
and with his greyhounds in front and his flock following after him he
set out for the city. As they all passed through the streets the people
stared in wonder, for never before had any flock returned from the
lake.
The next morning he rose early, and led his sheep down the road to the
lake. This time, however, the emperor sent two men on horseback to ride
behind him, with orders to watch the prince all day long. The horsemen
kept the prince and his sheep in sight, without being seen themselves.
As soon as they beheld the sheep running towards the meadows, they
turned aside up a steep hill, which overhung the lake. When the
shepherd reached the place he laid, as before, his pipes on the grass
and bade the greyhounds sit beside them, while the hawk he perched on
the branch of the tree. Then he rolled up his trousers and his sleeves,
and waded into the water crying:
“Dragon! dragon! if you are not a coward, come out and fight with me!”
And the dragon answered:
“I am waiting for you, O prince,” and the next minute he reared himself
out of the water, huge and horrible to see. Again they clasped each
other tight round the body and fought till it was noon, and when the
sun was at its hottest, the dragon gasped:
“O prince, let me dip my burning head once in the lake, and I will hurl
you up to the top of the sky.” But the prince answered:
“Oh, ho! my good dragon, do not crow too soon! If the emperor’s
daughter were only here, and would kiss me on the forehead, I would
throw you up higher still!” And suddenly the dragon’s hold loosened,
and he fell back into the lake.
As soon as it was evening the prince again collected his sheep, and
playing on his pipes he marched before them into the city. When he
passed through the gates all the people came out of their houses to
stare in wonder, for never before had any flock returned from the lake.
Meanwhile the two horsemen had ridden quickly back, and told the
emperor all that they had seen and heard. The emperor listened eagerly
to their tale, then called his daughter to him and repeated it to her.
“To-morrow,” he said, when he had finished, “you shall go with the
shepherd to the lake, and then you shall kiss him on the forehead as he
wishes.”
But when the princess heard these words, she burst into tears, and
sobbed out:
“Will you really send me, your only child, to that dreadful place, from
which most likely I shall never come back?”
“Fear nothing, my little daughter, all will be well. Many shepherds
have gone to that lake and none have ever returned; but this one has in
these two days fought twice with the dragon and has escaped without a
wound. So I hope to-morrow he will kill the dragon altogether, and
deliver this land from the monster who has slain so many of our bravest
men.”
Scarcely had the sun begun to peep over the hills next morning, when
the princess stood by the shepherd’s side, ready to go to the lake. The
shepherd was brimming over with joy, but the princess only wept
bitterly. “Dry your tears, I implore you,” said he. “If you will just
do what I ask you, and when the time comes, run and kiss my forehead,
you have nothing to fear.”
Merrily the shepherd blew on his pipes as he marched at the head of his
flock, only stopping every now and then to say to the weeping girl at
his side:
“Do not cry so, Heart of Gold; trust me and fear nothing.” And so they
reached the lake.
In an instant the sheep were scattered all over the meadows, and the
prince placed his hawk on the tree, and his pipes on the grass, while
he bade his greyhounds lie beside them. Then he rolled up his trousers
and his sleeves, and waded into the water, calling:
“Dragon! dragon! if you are not a coward, come forth, and let us have
one more fight together.” And the dragon answered: “I am waiting for
you, O prince”; and the next minute he reared himself out of the water,
huge and horrible to see. Swiftly he drew near to the bank, and the
prince sprang to meet him, and they grasped each other round the body
and fought till it was noon. And when the sun was at its hottest, the
dragon cried:
“O prince, let me dip my burning head in the lake, and I will hurl you
to the top of the sky.” But the prince answered:
“Oh, ho! my good dragon, do not crow too soon! If the emperor’s
daughter were only here, and she would kiss my forehead, I would throw
you higher still.”
Hardly had he spoken, when the princess, who had been listening, ran up
and kissed him on the forehead. Then the prince swung the dragon
straight up into the clouds, and when he touched the earth again, he
broke into a thousand pieces. Out of the pieces there sprang a wild
boar and galloped away, but the prince called his hounds to give chase,
and they caught the boar and tore it to bits. Out of the pieces there
sprang a hare, and in a moment the greyhounds were after it, and they
caught it and killed it; and out of the hare there came a pigeon.
Quickly the prince let loose his hawk, which soared straight into the
air, then swooped upon the bird and brought it to his master. The
prince cut open its body and found the sparrow inside, as the old woman
had said.
“Now,” cried the prince, holding the sparrow in his hand, “now you
shall tell me where I can find my brothers.”
“Do not hurt me,” answered the sparrow, “and I will tell you with all
my heart.” Behind your father’s castle stands a mill, and in the mill
are three slender twigs. Cut off these twigs and strike their roots
with them, and the iron door of a cellar will open. In the cellar you
will find as many people, young and old, women and children, as would
fill a kingdom, and among them are your brothers.”
By this time twilight had fallen, so the prince washed himself in the
lake, took the hawk on his shoulder and the pipes under his arm, and
with his greyhounds before him and his flock behind him, marched gaily
into the town, the princess following them all, still trembling with
fright. And so they passed through the streets, thronged with a
wondering crowd, till they reached the castle.
Unknown to anyone, the emperor had stolen out on horseback, and had
hidden himself on the hill, where he could see all that happened. When
all was over, and the power of the dragon was broken for ever, he rode
quickly back to the castle, and was ready to receive the prince with
open arms, and to promise him his daughter to wife. The wedding took
place with great splendour, and for a whole week the town was hung with
coloured lamps, and tables were spread in the hall of the castle for
all who chose to come and eat. And when the feast was over, the prince
told the emperor and the people who he really was, and at this everyone
rejoiced still more, and preparations were made for the prince and
princess to return to their own kingdom, for the prince was impatient
to set free his brothers.
The first thing he did when he reached his native country was to hasten
to the mill, where he found the three twigs as the sparrow had told
him. The moment that he struck the root the iron door flew open, and
from the cellar a countless multitude of men and women streamed forth.
He bade them go one by one wheresoever they would, while he himself
waited by the door till his brothers passed through. How delighted they
were to meet again, and to hear all that the prince had done to deliver
them from their enchantment. And they went home with him and served him
all the days of their lives, for they said that he only who had proved
himself brave and faithful was fit to be king.
[From Volksmarehen der Serben.]
Story DNA
Moral
Cunning and perseverance can overcome brute strength, and true courage is often found in unexpected places.
Plot Summary
Two princes disappear after chasing a mysterious hare into a mill. The youngest prince, more cautious, avoids the trap and learns from an old woman that a dragon devoured his brothers and its strength lies in a series of nested animals in a distant lake. Disguised as a shepherd, he travels to the lake, battles the dragon for three days, and with the help of the emperor's daughter's kiss, finally defeats it by destroying its externalized life force. He then frees his brothers and many others from the dragon's enchantment, marries the princess, and becomes king.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale, collected by Andrew Lang, is a variant of the 'Dragon Slayer' archetype common in European folklore, often featuring a hero who must discover and destroy the monster's externalized 'life force' or 'strength'.
Plot Beats (15)
- The emperor's eldest son chases a hare into a mill, where it transforms into a dragon and devours him.
- The emperor's second son follows the same path, chasing the hare into the mill and is also devoured by the dragon.
- The youngest prince, after much pleading, gets permission to search for his brothers.
- The youngest prince, seeing the hare lead him to the mill, wisely avoids entering, suspecting a trap.
- The prince returns to the mill and finds an old woman, who confirms the dragon's presence and his brothers' fate.
- The prince instructs the old woman to flatter the dragon and trick it into revealing the secret of its strength, which is located in a sparrow, inside a pigeon, inside a boar, inside a dragon, in a lake in a distant kingdom.
- The prince disguises himself as a shepherd and travels to the distant kingdom, where he gets a job tending sheep near the dragon's lake.
- The prince fights the dragon for the first time, using a trick about the emperor's daughter's kiss to make the dragon loosen its grip, but doesn't fully defeat it.
- The prince fights the dragon a second time, again using the trick, and the emperor's horsemen witness the fight.
- The emperor, informed by his horsemen, instructs his daughter to accompany the shepherd and kiss him when he uses the trick phrase.
- On the third day, the princess, though fearful, kisses the prince, allowing him to hurl the dragon to its death, shattering it into pieces.
- The prince and his animals hunt down and destroy the nested creatures (boar, hare, pigeon, sparrow) to fully eradicate the dragon's strength.
- The sparrow reveals that the prince's brothers and many others are enchanted in a cellar behind the prince's father's mill, accessible by striking tree roots with twigs.
- The prince marries the princess, reveals his identity, and returns to his kingdom to free his brothers and the other captives from the cellar.
- The freed brothers acknowledge the youngest prince's bravery and fitness to rule, and he becomes king.
Characters
Eldest Prince
Fine young man
Attire: Hunting attire, befitting a prince
Impulsive, easily distracted
Second Prince
Fine young man
Attire: Hunting attire, befitting a prince
Impulsive, easily distracted
Youngest Prince
Brave and faithful
Attire: Initially princely attire, later shepherd's clothes
Cautious, determined, clever
Dragon
Fire-breathing, huge and horrible
Deceptive, boastful, powerful
Old Woman
Imprisoned in the mill
Attire: Simple peasant clothing
Helpful, cunning, observant
Princess
Beautiful, emperor's only child
Attire: Fine gown befitting a princess
Fearful, dutiful, ultimately brave
Emperor
Anxious about his sons
Attire: Royal attire
Worried, grateful, generous
Locations
Forest Road
A road through a forest, with thickets and bushes on either side.
Mood: peaceful, then ominous
The princes are lured by the hare.
Riverside Mill
A mill standing beside a river, with an open door.
Mood: eerie, dangerous
The dragon resides here and consumes the princes; the youngest prince learns the dragon's weakness.
Distant Lake
A lake far from the capital city, surrounded by meadows.
Mood: tense, expectant
The prince battles the dragon and defeats him, breaking the curse.
Cellar Beneath the Mill
A dark cellar with an iron door, hidden beneath a mill.
Mood: oppressive, imprisoned
The prince frees his brothers and the enchanted people.