The Golden Mermaid
by Andrew Lang · from The Green Fairy Book
Original Story
THE GOLDEN MERMAID
A powerful king had, among many other treasures, a wonderful tree in his
garden, which bore every year beautiful golden apples. But the King was
never able to enjoy his treasure, for he might watch and guard them as
he liked, as soon as they began to get ripe they were always stolen. At
last, in despair, he sent for his three sons, and said to the two
eldest, 'Get yourselves ready for a journey. Take gold and silver with
you, and a large retinue of servants, as beseems two noble princes, and
go through the world till you find out who it is that steals my golden
apples, and, if possible, bring the thief to me that I may punish him as
he deserves.' His sons were delighted at this proposal, for they had
long wished to see something of the world, so they got ready for their
journey with all haste, bade their father farewell, and left the town.
[Illustration]
The youngest Prince was much disappointed that he too was not sent out
on his travels; but his father wouldn't hear of his going, for he had
always been looked upon as the stupid one of the family, and the King
was afraid of something happening to him. But the Prince begged and
implored so long, that at last his father consented to let him go, and
furnished him with gold and silver as he had done his brothers. But he
gave him the most wretched horse in his stable, because the foolish
youth hadn't asked for a better. So he too set out on his journey to
secure the thief, amid the jeers and laughter of the whole court and
town.
His path led him first through a wood, and he hadn't gone very far when
he met a lean-looking wolf who stood still as he approached. The Prince
asked him if he were hungry, and when the wolf said he was, he got down
from his horse and said, 'If you are really as you say and look, you may
take my horse and eat it.'
The wolf didn't wait to have the offer repeated, but set to work, and
soon made an end of the poor beast. When the Prince saw how different
the wolf looked when he had finished his meal, he said to him, 'Now, my
friend, since you have eaten up my horse, and I have such a long way to
go, that, with the best will in the world, I couldn't manage it on foot,
the least you can do for me is to act as my horse and to take me on your
back.'
'Most certainly,' said the wolf, and, letting the Prince mount him, he
trotted gaily through the wood. After they had gone a little way he
turned round and asked his rider where he wanted to go to, and the
Prince proceeded to tell him the whole story of the golden apples that
had been stolen out of the King's garden, and how his other two brothers
had set forth with many followers to find the thief. When he had
finished his story, the wolf, who was in reality no wolf but a mighty
magician, said he thought he could tell him who the thief was, and could
help him to secure him. 'There lives,' he said, 'in a neighbouring
country, a mighty emperor who has a beautiful golden bird in a cage, and
this is the creature who steals the golden apples, but it flies so fast
that it is impossible to catch it at its theft. You must slip into the
Emperor's palace by night and steal the bird with the cage; but be very
careful not to touch the walls as you go out.'
The following night the Prince stole into the Emperor's palace, and
found the bird in its cage as the wolf had told him he would. He took
hold of it carefully, but in spite of all his caution he touched the
wall in trying to pass by some sleeping watchmen. They awoke at once,
and, seizing him, beat him and put him into chains. Next day he was led
before the Emperor, who at once condemned him to death and to be thrown
into a dark dungeon till the day of his execution arrived.
The wolf, who, of course, knew by his magic arts all that had happened
to the Prince, turned himself at once into a mighty monarch with a large
train of followers, and proceeded to the Court of the Emperor, where he
was received with every show of honour. The Emperor and he conversed on
many subjects, and, among other things, the stranger asked his host if
he had many slaves. The Emperor told him he had more than he knew what
to do with, and that a new one had been captured that very night for
trying to steal his magic bird, but that as he had already more than
enough to feed and support, he was going to have this last captive
hanged next morning.
'He must have been a most daring thief,' said the King, 'to try and
steal the magic bird, for depend upon it the creature must have been
well guarded. I would really like to see this bold rascal.' 'By all
means,' said the Emperor; and he himself led his guest down to the
dungeon where the unfortunate Prince was kept prisoner. When the Emperor
stepped out of the cell with the King, the latter turned to him and
said, 'Most mighty Emperor, I have been much disappointed. I had thought
to find a powerful robber, and instead of that I have seen the most
miserable creature I can imagine. Hanging is far too good for him. If I
had to sentence him I should make him perform some very difficult task,
under pain of death. If he did it so much the better for you, and if he
didn't, matters would just be as they are now and he could still be
hanged.' 'Your counsel,' said the Emperor, 'is excellent, and, as it
happens, I've got the very thing for him to do. My nearest neighbour,
who is also a mighty Emperor, possesses a golden horse which he guards
most carefully. The prisoner shall be told to steal this horse and bring
it to me.'
The Prince was then let out of his dungeon, and told his life would be
spared if he succeeded in bringing the golden horse to the Emperor. He
did not feel very elated at this announcement, for he did not know how
in the world he was to set about the task, and he started on his way
weeping bitterly, and wondering what had made him leave his father's
house and kingdom. But before he had gone far his friend the wolf stood
before him and said, 'Dear Prince, why are you so cast down? It is true
you didn't succeed in catching the bird; but don't let that discourage
you, for this time you will be all the more careful, and will doubtless
catch the horse.' With these and like words the wolf comforted the
Prince, and warned him specially not to touch the wall or let the horse
touch it as he led it out, or he would fail in the same way as he had
done with the bird.
[Illustration]
After a somewhat lengthy journey the Prince and the wolf came to the
kingdom ruled over by the Emperor who possessed the golden horse. One
evening late they reached the capital, and the wolf advised the Prince
to set to work at once, before their presence in the city had aroused
the watchfulness of the guards. They slipped unnoticed into the
Emperor's stables and into the very place where there were the most
guards, for there the wolf rightly surmised they would find the horse.
When they came to a certain inner door the wolf told the Prince to
remain outside, while he went in. In a short time he returned and said,
'My dear Prince, the horse is most securely watched, but I have
bewitched all the guards, and if you will only be careful not to touch
the wall yourself, or let the horse touch it as you go out, there is no
danger and the game is yours.' The Prince, who had made up his mind to
be more than cautious this time, went cheerfully to work. He found all
the guards fast asleep, and, slipping into the horse's stall, he seized
it by the bridle and led it out; but, unfortunately, before they had got
quite clear of the stables a gadfly stung the horse and caused it to
switch its tail, whereby it touched the wall. In a moment all the guards
awoke, seized the Prince and beat him mercilessly with their
horse-whips, after which they bound him with chains, and flung him into
a dungeon. Next morning they brought him before the Emperor, who treated
him exactly as the King with the golden bird had done, and commanded him
to be beheaded on the following day.
When the wolf-magician saw that the Prince had failed this time too, he
transformed himself again into a mighty king, and proceeded with an even
more gorgeous retinue than the first time to the Court of the Emperor.
He was courteously received and entertained, and once more after dinner
he led the conversation on to the subject of slaves, and in the course
of it again requested to be allowed to see the bold robber who had dared
to break into the Emperor's stable to steal his most valuable
possession. The Emperor consented, and all happened exactly as it had
done at the court of the Emperor with the golden bird; the prisoner's
life was to be spared only on condition that within three days he should
obtain possession of the golden mermaid, whom hitherto no mortal had
ever approached.
Very depressed by his dangerous and difficult task, the Prince left his
gloomy prison; but, to his great joy, he met his friend the wolf before
he had gone many miles on his journey. The cunning creature pretended he
knew nothing of what had happened to the Prince, and asked him how he
had fared with the horse. The Prince told him all about his
misadventure, and the condition on which the Emperor had promised to
spare his life. Then the wolf reminded him that he had twice got him out
of prison, and that if he would only trust in him, and do exactly as he
told him, he would certainly succeed in this last undertaking. Thereupon
they bent their steps towards the sea, which stretched out before them,
as far as their eyes could see, all the waves dancing and glittering in
the bright sunshine. 'Now,' continued the wolf, 'I am going to turn
myself into a boat full of the most beautiful silken merchandise, and
you must jump boldly into the boat, and steer with my tail in your
hand right out into the open sea. You will soon come upon the golden
mermaid. Whatever you do, don't follow her if she calls you, but on the
contrary say to her, "The buyer comes to the seller, not the seller to
the buyer." After which you must steer towards the land, and she will
follow you, for she won't be able to resist the beautiful wares you have
on board your ship.'
[Illustration]
The Prince promised faithfully to do all he had been told, whereupon the
wolf changed himself into a ship full of most exquisite silks, of every
shade and colour imaginable. The astonished Prince stepped into the
boat, and, holding the wolf's tail in his hand, he steered boldly out
into the open sea, where the sun was gilding the blue waves with its
golden rays. Soon he saw the golden mermaid swimming near the ship,
beckoning and calling to him to follow her; but, mindful of the wolf's
warning, he told her in a loud voice that if she wished to buy anything
she must come to him. With these words he turned his magic ship round
and steered back towards the land. The mermaid called out to him to
stand still, but he refused to listen to her and never paused till he
reached the sand of the shore. Here he stopped and waited for the
mermaid, who had swum after him. When she drew near the boat he saw that
she was far more beautiful than any mortal he had ever beheld. She swam
round the ship for some time, and then swung herself gracefully on
board, in order to examine the beautiful silken stuffs more closely.
Then the Prince seized her in his arms, and kissing her tenderly on the
cheeks and lips, he told her she was his for ever; at the same moment
the boat turned into a wolf again, which so terrified the mermaid that
she clung to the Prince for protection.
So the golden mermaid was successfully caught, and she soon felt quite
happy in her new life when she saw she had nothing to fear either from
the Prince or the wolf--she rode on the back of the latter, and the
Prince rode behind her. When they reached the country ruled over by the
Emperor with the golden horse, the Prince jumped down, and, helping the
mermaid to alight, he led her before the Emperor. At the sight of the
beautiful mermaid and of the grim wolf, who stuck close to the Prince
this time, the guards all made respectful obeisance, and soon the three
stood before his Imperial Majesty. When the Emperor heard from the
Prince how he had gained possession of his fair prize, he at once
recognised that he had been helped by some magic art, and on the spot
gave up all claim to the beautiful mermaid. 'Dear youth,' he said,
'forgive me for my shameful conduct to you, and, as a sign that you
pardon me, accept the golden horse as a present. I acknowledge your
power to be greater even than I can understand, for you have succeeded
in gaining possession of the golden mermaid, whom hitherto no mortal has
ever been able to approach.' Then they all sat down to a huge feast, and
the Prince had to relate his adventures all over again, to the wonder
and astonishment of the whole company.
But the Prince was wearying now to return to his own kingdom, so as soon
as the feast was over he took farewell of the Emperor, and set out on
his homeward way. He lifted the mermaid on to the golden horse, and
swung himself up behind her--and so they rode on merrily, with the wolf
trotting behind, till they came to the country of the Emperor with the
golden bird. The renown of the Prince and his adventure had gone before
him, and the Emperor sat on his throne awaiting the arrival of the
Prince and his companions. When the three rode into the courtyard of the
palace, they were surprised and delighted to find everything festively
illuminated and decorated for their reception. When the Prince and the
golden mermaid, with the wolf behind them, mounted the steps of the
palace, the Emperor came forward to meet them, and led them to the
throne room. At the same moment a servant appeared with the golden bird
in its golden cage, and the Emperor begged the Prince to accept it with
his love, and to forgive him the indignity he had suffered at his hands.
Then the Emperor bent low before the beautiful mermaid, and, offering
her his arm, he led her into dinner, closely followed by the Prince and
her friend the wolf; the latter seating himself at table, not the least
embarrassed that no one had invited him to do so.
As soon as the sumptuous meal was over, the Prince and his mermaid took
leave of the Emperor, and, seating themselves on the golden horse,
continued their homeward journey. On the way the wolf turned to the
Prince and said, 'Dear friends, I must now bid you farewell, but I leave
you under such happy circumstances that I cannot feel our parting to be
a sad one.' The Prince was very unhappy when he heard these words, and
begged the wolf to stay with them always; but this the good creature
refused to do, though he thanked the Prince kindly for his invitation,
and called out as he disappeared into the thicket, 'Should any evil
befall you, dear Prince, at any time, you may rely on my friendship and
gratitude.' These were the wolf's parting words, and the Prince could
not restrain his tears when he saw his friend vanishing in the
distance; but one glance at his beloved mermaid soon cheered him up
again, and they continued on their journey merrily.
The news of his son's adventures had already reached his father's Court,
and everyone was more than astonished at the success of the once
despised Prince. His elder brothers, who had in vain gone in pursuit of
the thief of the golden apples, were furious over their younger
brother's good fortune, and plotted and planned how they were to kill
him. They hid themselves in the wood through which the Prince had to
pass on his way to the palace, and there fell on him, and, having beaten
him to death, they carried off the golden horse and the golden bird. But
nothing they could do would persuade the golden mermaid to go with them
or move from the spot, for ever since she had left the sea, she had so
attached herself to her Prince that she asked nothing else than to live
or die with him.
For many weeks the poor mermaid sat and watched over the dead body of
her lover, weeping salt tears over his loss, when suddenly one day their
old friend the wolf appeared and said, 'Cover the Prince's body with all
the leaves and flowers you can find in the wood.' The maiden did as he
told her, and then the wolf breathed over the flowery grave, and, lo and
behold! the Prince lay there sleeping as peacefully as a child. 'Now you
may wake him if you like,' said the wolf, and the mermaid bent over him
and gently kissed the wounds his brothers had made on his forehead, and
the Prince awoke, and you may imagine how delighted he was to find his
beautiful mermaid beside him, though he felt a little depressed when he
thought of the loss of the golden bird and the golden horse. After a
time the wolf, who had likewise fallen on the Prince's neck, advised
them to continue their journey, and once more the Prince and his lovely
bride mounted on the faithful beast's back.
The King's joy was great when he embraced his youngest son, for he had
long since despaired of his return. He received the wolf and the
beautiful golden mermaid most cordially too, and the Prince was made to
tell his adventures all over from the beginning. The poor old father
grew very sad when he heard of the shameful conduct of his elder sons,
and had them called before him. They turned as white as death when they
saw their brother, whom they thought they had murdered, standing beside
them alive and well, and so startled were they that when the King asked
them why they had behaved so wickedly to their brother they could think
of no lie, but confessed at once that they had slain the young Prince in
order to obtain possession of the golden horse and the golden bird.
Their father's wrath knew no bounds, and he ordered them both to be
banished, but he could not do enough to honour his youngest son and his
marriage with the beautiful mermaid was celebrated with much pomp and
magnificence. When the festivities were over, the wolf bade them all
farewell, and returned once more to his life in the woods, much to the
regret of the old King and the young Prince and his bride.
[Illustration]
And so ended the adventures of the Prince with his friend the wolf.
Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
True worth is often hidden, and kindness, loyalty, and perseverance will ultimately lead to success and happiness, while malice and deceit lead to ruin.
Plot Summary
A king's golden apples are stolen, and his two elder sons fail to find the thief. The youngest, underestimated Prince sets out, befriending a magical wolf who becomes his guide. The Prince repeatedly fails tasks to steal a golden bird and horse due to his carelessness, but eventually succeeds in capturing a golden mermaid by following the wolf's precise instructions. On his way home, his jealous brothers murder him, but the wolf resurrects him. The Prince returns, exposes his brothers, marries the mermaid, and lives happily ever after, while the wolf departs.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This story, attributed to Grimm by Lang, reflects common European fairy tale motifs of the underestimated hero, magical helpers, and trials leading to reward.
Plot Beats (15)
- A King's golden apples are stolen yearly; his two favored elder sons fail to find the thief.
- The youngest, 'stupid' Prince is reluctantly allowed to seek the thief, given a wretched horse.
- The Prince meets a lean wolf, offers his horse, and the wolf, a magician, becomes his mount and guide.
- The wolf instructs the Prince to steal a golden bird, warning him not to touch the wall; the Prince fails and is captured.
- The wolf, disguised as a king, tricks the Emperor into giving the Prince a second task: steal a golden horse, again with a warning not to touch the wall.
- The Prince fails to steal the golden horse due to a mishap, is captured again, and faces execution.
- The wolf, again disguised, tricks the second Emperor into giving the Prince a third task: steal the golden mermaid, with strict instructions.
- The Prince successfully captures the golden mermaid by following the wolf's precise instructions, using a magic ship.
- The Prince, with the mermaid and wolf, returns the golden horse to its Emperor, receiving forgiveness and the horse as a gift.
- The Prince returns the golden bird to its Emperor, receiving forgiveness and the bird as a gift.
- The wolf bids farewell to the Prince and mermaid, promising help if needed, and disappears.
- The Prince's elder brothers ambush and murder him, stealing the horse and bird, but the mermaid stays with his body.
- The wolf reappears, instructs the mermaid to cover the Prince's body with leaves, and resurrects him.
- The Prince returns home with the mermaid, exposes his brothers' treachery to their father, who banishes them.
- The Prince marries the golden mermaid, and the wolf departs for good, leaving them to live happily ever after.
Characters
King
Weary and concerned about his stolen golden apples.
Attire: Royal robes, crown, signet rings.
Anxious, easily frustrated, ultimately just.
Youngest Prince
Initially underestimated, proves to be resourceful and brave.
Attire: Simple traveling clothes, later adorned with royal garments.
Kind, brave, persistent.
Wolf
Lean at first, then healthy after eating the horse; later transforms into a king.
Attire: As a wolf: natural fur. As a king: rich robes and crown.
Helpful, wise, loyal.
Golden Mermaid
Beautiful, golden skin, mermaid tail.
Attire: Adorned with sea jewels and golden scales.
Loyal, gentle, devoted.
Emperor with Golden Bird
A powerful ruler, initially hostile but later repentant.
Attire: Richly embroidered robes, jeweled crown.
Proud, but capable of recognizing true worth.
Emperor with Golden Horse
A powerful ruler, initially hostile but later repentant.
Attire: Richly embroidered robes, jeweled crown.
Proud, but capable of recognizing true worth.
Elder Brothers
Envious and treacherous.
Attire: Fine traveling clothes, suitable for princes.
Envious, treacherous, cowardly.
Locations
King's Garden
A garden with a wonderful tree that bears beautiful golden apples every year.
Mood: Initially a place of potential joy, later a source of frustration and loss.
The golden apples are stolen, initiating the quest.
Emperor's Palace Dungeon
A dark dungeon where the Prince is imprisoned.
Mood: Desolate, hopeless, and grim.
The Prince is imprisoned after attempting to steal the golden bird.
Wood where brothers attack
A wood through which the Prince must pass on his way to the palace.
Mood: Treacherous, dangerous, and filled with malice.
The Prince is attacked and left for dead by his brothers.
Flowery Grave in the Woods
A grave covered in leaves and flowers in the wood.
Mood: Mournful, sorrowful, but ultimately hopeful.
The mermaid mourns the Prince, and the wolf revives him.
Emperor's Palace Courtyard
Festively illuminated and decorated courtyard of the Emperor's palace.
Mood: Celebratory, welcoming, and grand.
The Prince arrives with the golden mermaid and is received with honor.