The twelve huntsmen
by Andrew Lang

The Princess in Disguise
Once, a prince loved a princess. He was very happy. One day, he visited his sick father.
The old king was in bed. He was very sick. "Please promise me," he said. "Marry the other princess." The prince was sad. He said yes.
Later, the prince became the king. He kept his promise. He sent for the other princess.
The first princess was very sad. She felt sick with sadness. She asked her father for help. She disguised herself and friends as hunters.
They wore hunter clothes. They went to the king's castle. "Can we work for you?" they asked. The king said yes. He did not know them.
The king had a magic lion. The lion was very smart. "Those hunters are girls," the lion said. "Let's test them with peas on the floor."
A kind servant liked the hunters. He told them about the test. "Walk carefully!" he said. The next day, they walked over the peas. No peas moved. They passed!
The lion had another test. "Put spinning wheels in the room," he said. "Girls will look at them."
The kind servant warned them again. "Do not look at spinning wheels!" he said. The next day, they walked past the wheels. They did not look. They passed again.
The king was happy with his hunters. He liked them very much. He thought the magic lion was wrong.
One day, news came. The other princess was coming to the castle. The first princess felt very dizzy and sad. She fell down.
The king ran to help his hunter. He took off her glove. He saw a ring. It was the ring he gave her! He knew her.
The king was so happy. He married his true love. They were very happy together. The other princess went home.
And so, the king learned true love and promises are important. And they lived happily ever after.
Original Story
_THE TWELVE HUNTSMEN_ Once upon a time there was a King's son who was engaged to a Princess whom he dearly loved. One day as he sat by her side feeling very happy, he received news that his father was lying at the point of death, and desired to see him before his end. So he said to his love: 'Alas! I must go off and leave you, but take this ring and wear it as a remembrance of me, and when I am King I will return and fetch you home.' Then he rode off, and when he reached his father he found him mortally ill and very near death. The King said: 'Dearest son, I have desired to see you again before my end. Promise me, I beg of you, that you will marry according to my wishes'; and he then named the daughter of a neighbouring King who he was anxious should be his son's wife. The Prince was so overwhelmed with grief that he could think of nothing but his father, and exclaimed: 'Yes, yes, dear father, whatever you desire shall be done.' Thereupon the King closed his eyes and died. After the Prince had been proclaimed King, and the usual time of mourning had elapsed, he felt that he must keep the promise he had made to his father, so he sent to ask for the hand of the King's daughter, which was granted to him at once. Now, his first love heard of this, and the thought of her lover's desertion grieved her so sadly that she pined away and nearly died. Her father said to her: 'My dearest child, why are you so unhappy? If there is anything you wish for, say so, and you shall have it.' His daughter reflected for a moment, and then said: 'Dear father, I wish for eleven girls as nearly as possible of the same height, age, and appearance as myself.' Said the King: 'If the thing is possible your wish shall be fulfilled'; and he had his kingdom searched till he found eleven maidens of the same height, size, and appearance as his daughter. Then the Princess desired twelve complete huntsmen's suits to be made, all exactly alike, and the eleven maidens had to dress themselves in eleven of the suits, while she herself put on the twelfth. After this she took leave of her father, and rode off with her girls to the court of her former lover. Here she enquired whether the King did not want some huntsmen, and if he would not take them all into his service. The King saw her but did not recognise her, and as he thought them very good-looking young people, he said, 'Yes, he would gladly engage them all.' So they became the twelve royal huntsmen. Now, the King had a most remarkable Lion, for it knew every hidden or secret thing. One evening the Lion said to the King: 'So you think you have got twelve huntsmen, do you?' 'Yes, certainly,' said the King, 'they _are_ twelve huntsmen.' 'There you are mistaken,' said the Lion; 'they are twelve maidens.' 'That cannot possibly be,' replied the King; 'how do you mean to prove that?' 'Just have a number of peas strewed over the floor of your ante-chamber,' said the Lion, 'and you will soon see. Men have a strong, firm tread, so that if they happen to walk over peas not one will stir, but girls trip, and slip, and slide, so that the peas roll all about.' The King was pleased with the Lion's advice, and ordered the peas to be strewn in his ante-room. Fortunately one of the King's servants had become very partial to the young huntsmen, and hearing of the trial they were to be put to, he went to them and said: 'The Lion wants to persuade the King that you are only girls'; and then told them all the plot. The King's daughter thanked him for the hint, and after he was gone she said to her maidens: 'Now make every effort to tread firmly on the peas.' Next morning, when the King sent for his twelve huntsmen, and they passed through the ante-room which was plentifully strewn with peas, they trod so firmly and walked with such a steady, strong step that not a single pea rolled away or even so much as stirred. After they were gone the King said to the Lion: 'There now--you have been telling lies--you see yourself they walk like men.' 'Because they knew they were being put to the test,' answered the Lion; 'and so they made an effort; but just have a dozen spinning-wheels placed in the ante-room. When they pass through you'll see how pleased they will be, quite unlike any man.' [Illustration] The King was pleased with the advice, and desired twelve spinning-wheels to be placed in his ante-chamber. But the good-natured servant went to the huntsmen and told them all about this fresh plot. Then, as soon as the King's daughter was alone with her maidens, she exclaimed: 'Now, pray make a great effort and don't even _look_ at those spinning-wheels.' When the King sent for his twelve huntsmen next morning they walked through the ante-room without even casting a glance at the spinning-wheels.' Then the King said once more to the Lion: 'You have deceived me again; they _are_ men, for they never once looked at the spinning-wheels.' The Lion replied: 'They knew they were being tried, and they did violence to their feelings.' But the King declined to believe in the Lion any longer. So the twelve huntsmen continued to follow the King, and he grew daily fonder of them. One day whilst they were all out hunting it so happened that news was brought that the King's intended bride was on her way and might soon be expected. When the true bride heard of this she felt as though a knife had pierced her heart, and she fell fainting to the ground. The King, fearing something had happened to his dear huntsman, ran up to help, and began drawing off his gloves. Then he saw the ring which he had given to his first love, and as he gazed into her face he knew her again, and his heart was so touched that he kissed her, and as she opened her eyes, he cried: 'I am thine and thou art mine, and no power on earth can alter that.' To the other Princess he despatched a messenger to beg her to return to her own kingdom with all speed. 'For,' said he, 'I have got a wife, and he who finds an old key again does not require a new one.' Thereupon the wedding was celebrated with great pomp, and the Lion was restored to the royal favour, for after all he had told the truth. Grimm.
Moral of the Story
True love, once pledged, should be honored above all other obligations.
Characters
King's son ★ protagonist
Good-looking, but otherwise not described
Attire: Princely attire, hunting clothes when with the huntsmen
Duty-bound, easily swayed, ultimately loving and loyal
Princess (first love) ★ protagonist
Same height, age, and appearance as her eleven companions
Attire: Huntsman's suit (one of twelve identical)
Resourceful, determined, heartbroken but resilient
King (father of King's son) ◆ supporting
Weak and dying
Attire: Royal robes, bedclothes
Demanding, concerned with dynastic alliances
Lion ◆ supporting
Remarkable, knows every hidden or secret thing
Wise, perceptive, truthful
Princess (intended bride) ○ minor
Not described
Attire: Royal attire
Not shown
Good-natured servant ◆ supporting
Not described
Attire: Servant's clothing
Helpful, kind, loyal
Locations

Princess's Chamber
A comfortable room where the Prince and Princess sit together, filled with happiness before bad news arrives.
Mood: Initially joyful and loving, then filled with sorrow and despair.
The Prince receives news of his father's illness and gives the Princess a ring as a token of his love.

King's Deathbed Chamber
A somber room where the old King lies dying, filled with heavy air and the weight of his impending death.
Mood: Grief-stricken, heavy, and filled with a sense of duty.
The Prince promises his dying father to marry the neighboring King's daughter.

Royal Ante-Chamber
A large room outside the King's main chamber, used for testing the huntsmen's true identities.
Mood: Suspenseful, filled with trickery and hidden intentions.
The King attempts to reveal the huntsmen's true identities using the peas and spinning wheels.

Hunting Grounds
A forest or field where the King and his huntsmen pursue game.
Mood: Outdoors, active, and filled with the thrill of the hunt.
The King discovers the true identity of his huntsman when the Princess faints and he sees the ring.
Story DNA
Moral
True love, once pledged, should be honored above all other obligations.
Plot Summary
A Prince, bound by a deathbed promise to his father, prepares to marry a Princess he doesn't love, abandoning his true love. Heartbroken, his first love disguises herself and eleven maidens as huntsmen, joining his royal service. A magical Lion suspects their true gender and devises two tests, which the disguised Princess and her companions cleverly pass. Eventually, the King recognizes his true love by a ring he gave her, leading him to break off the arranged marriage and marry her instead, restoring the Lion to favor for speaking the truth.
Themes
Emotional Arc
betrayal to reunion
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Collected by the Brothers Grimm, reflecting European folklore traditions where royal succession and marriage alliances were central themes.
Plot Beats (13)
- A Prince is engaged to a Princess he loves, but must leave her to see his dying father.
- The Prince's father, on his deathbed, makes him promise to marry another King's daughter.
- The Prince, now King, honors his promise and sends for the other Princess's hand.
- The first Princess, heartbroken, asks her father for eleven maidens like herself and twelve huntsmen's suits.
- Disguised as huntsmen, the Princess and her maidens enter the King's service, unrecognized by him.
- The King's magical Lion suspects the huntsmen are women and suggests a test: strewing peas on the floor.
- A sympathetic servant warns the huntsmen, who then tread firmly over the peas, passing the test.
- The Lion suggests a second test: placing spinning wheels in the antechamber.
- The servant warns the huntsmen again, and they ignore the spinning wheels, passing the second test.
- The King, convinced the Lion is wrong, grows fond of his huntsmen.
- News arrives that the King's intended bride is approaching, causing the disguised Princess to faint.
- The King removes her glove to help, sees the ring he gave her, and recognizes her.
- The King declares his love for her, sends away the other Princess, and marries his true love.





