The White Snake
by Andrew Lang · from The Green Fairy Book
Original Story
THE WHITE SNAKE
Not very long ago there lived a King, the fame of whose wisdom was
spread far and wide. Nothing appeared to be unknown to him, and it
really seemed as if tidings of the most secret matters must be borne to
him by the winds. He had one very peculiar habit. Every day, after the
dinner table had been cleared, and everyone had retired, a confidential
servant brought in a dish. It was covered, and neither the servant nor
anyone else had any idea what was on it, for the King never removed the
cover or partook of the dish, till he was quite alone.
This went on for some time till, one day, the servant who removed the
dish was so overcome with curiosity, that he could not resist carrying
it off to his own room. After carefully locking the door, he lifted the
cover, and there he saw a white snake lying on the dish. On seeing it he
could not restrain his desire to taste it, so he cut off a small piece
and put it in his mouth.
Hardly had it touched his tongue than he heard a strange sort of
whispering of tiny voices outside his window. He stepped to the casement
to listen, and found that the sound proceeded from the sparrows, who
were talking together and telling each other all they had seen in the
fields and woods. The piece of the white snake which he had eaten had
enabled him to understand the language of animals.
Now on this particular day, it so happened that the Queen lost her
favourite ring, and suspicion fell on the confidential servant who had
access to all parts of the palace. The King sent for him, and threatened
him angrily, saying that if he had not found the thief by the next day,
he should himself be taken up and tried.
It was useless to assert his innocence; he was dismissed without
ceremony. In his agitation and distress, he went down to the yard to
think over what he could do in this trouble. Here were a number of ducks
resting near a little stream, and pluming themselves with their bills,
whilst they kept up an animated conversation amongst themselves. The
servant stood still listening to them. They were talking of where they
had been waddling about all the morning, and of the good food they had
found, but one of them remarked rather sadly, 'There's something lying
very heavy on my stomach, for in my haste I've swallowed a ring, which
was lying just under the Queen's window.'
[Illustration]
No sooner did the servant hear this than he seized the duck by the neck,
carried it off to the kitchen, and said to the cook, 'Suppose you kill
this duck; you see she's nice and fat.'
'Yes, indeed,' said the cook, weighing the duck in his hand, 'she
certainly has spared no pains to stuff herself well, and must have been
waiting for the spit for some time.' So he chopped off her head, and
when she was opened there was the Queen's ring in her stomach.
It was easy enough now for the servant to prove his innocence, and the
King, feeling he had done him an injustice, and anxious to make some
amends, desired him to ask any favour he chose, and promised to give him
the highest post at Court he could wish for.
The servant, however, declined everything, and only begged for a horse
and some money to enable him to travel, as he was anxious to see
something of the world.
When his request was granted, he set off on his journey, and in the
course of it he one day came to a large pond, on the edge of which he
noticed three fishes which had got entangled in the reeds and were
gasping for water. Though fish are generally supposed to be quite mute,
he heard them grieving aloud at the prospect of dying in this wretched
manner. Having a very kind heart he dismounted and soon set the
prisoners free, and in the water once more. They flapped with joy, and
stretching up their heads cried to him: 'We will remember, and reward
you for saving us.'
He rode further, and after a while he thought he heard a voice in the
sand under his feet. He paused to listen, and heard the King of the Ants
complaining: 'If only men with their awkward beasts would keep clear of
us! That stupid horse is crushing my people mercilessly to death with
his great hoofs.' The servant at once turned into a side path, and the
Ant-King called after him, 'We'll remember and reward you.'
The road next led through a wood, where he saw a father and a mother
raven standing by their nest and throwing out their young: 'Away with
you, you young rascals!' they cried, 'we can't feed you any longer. You
are quite big enough to support yourselves now.' The poor little birds
lay on the ground flapping and beating their wings, and shrieked, 'We
poor helpless children, feed ourselves indeed! Why, we can't even fly
yet; what can we do but die of hunger?' Then the kind youth dismounted,
drew his sword, and killing his horse left it there as food for the
young ravens. They hopped up, satisfied their hunger, and piped: 'We'll
remember, and reward you!'
He was now obliged to trust to his own legs, and after walking a long
way he reached a big town. Here he found a great crowd and much
commotion in the streets, and a herald rode about announcing, 'The
King's daughter seeks a husband, but whoever would woo her must first
execute a difficult task, and if he does not succeed he must be content
to forfeit his life.' Many had risked their lives, but in vain. When the
youth saw the King's daughter, he was so dazzled by her beauty, that he
forgot all idea of danger, and went to the King to announce himself a
suitor.
On this he was led out to a large lake, and a gold ring was thrown into
it before his eyes. The King desired him to dive after it, adding, 'If
you return without it you will be thrown back into the lake time after
time, till you are drowned in its depths.'
Everyone felt sorry for the handsome young fellow, and left him alone on
the shore. There he stood thinking and wondering what he could do, when
all of a sudden he saw three fishes swimming along, and recognised them
as the very same whose lives he had saved. The middle fish held a mussel
in its mouth, which it laid at the young man's feet, and when he picked
it up and opened it, there was the golden ring inside.
Full of delight he brought it to the King's daughter, expecting to
receive his promised reward. The haughty Princess, however, on hearing
that he was not her equal by birth despised him, and exacted the
fulfilment of a second task.
She went into the garden, and with her own hands she strewed ten sacks
full of millet all over the grass. 'He must pick all that up to-morrow
morning before sunrise,' she said; 'not a grain must be lost.'
The youth sat down in the garden and wondered how it would be possible
for him to accomplish such a task, but he could think of no expedient,
and sat there sadly expecting to meet his death at daybreak.
But when the first rays of the rising sun fell on the garden, he saw the
ten sacks all completely filled, standing there in a row, and not a
single grain missing. The Ant-King, with his thousands and thousands of
followers, had come during the night, and the grateful creatures had
industriously gathered all the millet together and put it in the sacks.
The King's daughter came down to the garden herself, and saw to her
amazement that her suitor had accomplished the task she had given him.
But even now she could not bend her proud heart, and she said, 'Though
he has executed these two tasks, yet he shall not be my husband till he
brings me an apple from the tree of life.'
The young man did not even know where the tree of life grew, but he set
off, determined to walk as far as his legs would carry him, though he
had no hope of ever finding it.
After journeying through three different kingdoms he reached a wood one
night, and lying down under a tree prepared to go to sleep there.
Suddenly he heard a sound in the boughs, and a golden apple fell right
into his hand. At the same moment three ravens flew down to him,
perched on his knee and said, 'We are the three young ravens whom you
saved from starvation. When we grew up and heard you were searching for
the golden apple, we flew far away over the seas to the end of the
world, where the tree of life grows, and fetched the golden apple for
you.'
[Illustration]
Full of joy the young man started on his way back and brought the golden
apple to the lovely Princess, whose objections were now entirely
silenced. They divided the apple of life and ate it together, and her
heart grew full of love for him, so they lived together to a great age
in undisturbed happiness.
Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
Acts of kindness, no matter how small, will be repaid in unexpected ways, and true worth is found in character, not birthright.
Plot Summary
A King's servant secretly tastes a white snake, gaining the ability to understand animal speech. This power helps him clear his name when falsely accused of stealing the Queen's ring. Declining court honors, he embarks on a journey, performing acts of kindness by saving various animals. Later, he falls for a proud Princess who sets him three impossible tasks to win her hand. With the help of the grateful animals he previously saved, he successfully completes each task, including retrieving the magical apple of life, ultimately winning the Princess's love and living happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This version is attributed to Grimm, reflecting common European folklore motifs of animal helpers and magical transformations.
Plot Beats (14)
- A King secretly eats from a covered dish daily; his curious servant discovers it contains a white snake.
- The servant tastes the snake, gaining the ability to understand animal speech.
- The Queen's ring is lost, and the servant is falsely accused and threatened with punishment.
- Overhearing ducks, the servant discovers one swallowed the ring, proving his innocence to the King.
- The King offers him a high court position, but the servant declines, requesting a horse and money to travel.
- On his journey, he saves three fish entangled in reeds.
- He diverts his horse to avoid crushing ants, earning their gratitude.
- He sacrifices his horse to feed three starving young ravens, who promise to remember him.
- He arrives in a town where a Princess offers her hand to anyone who completes a dangerous task.
- He volunteers and is tasked with retrieving a golden ring from a lake; the saved fish return it to him.
- The Princess, still proud, tasks him with gathering ten sacks of millet scattered in the garden by sunrise; the saved ants complete this for him.
- The Princess, still unwilling, demands an apple from the Tree of Life, whose location is unknown.
- The ravens he saved bring him the golden apple from the ends of the world.
- The Princess's pride is broken; they eat the apple of life together, fall in love, and live happily ever after.
Characters
The King
Wise, regal bearing
Attire: Royal robes, crown
Wise, just, but prone to suspicion
The Servant
Handsome, kind-looking
Attire: Simple tunic and trousers, travel-worn
Kind, compassionate, adventurous
The Queen
Elegant, fair
Attire: Elegant gown, ring on finger
Appears briefly as a victim of theft
The Duck
Fat, plump
Attire: Natural feathers
Oblivious, gluttonous
The King's Daughter
Dazzlingly beautiful, haughty
Attire: Rich gown, jewels
Proud, demanding, initially cold-hearted
The Fishes
Slippery, scaled
Attire: Scales
Grateful, helpful
The Ant-King
Tiny, commanding
Grateful, organized
The Ravens
Black feathers, strong beaks
Attire: Feathers
Grateful, resourceful
Locations
King's Chamber
A private room where the King eats a mysterious covered dish alone each day.
Mood: mysterious, secretive
The servant tastes the white snake and gains the ability to understand animals.
Palace Yard by a Stream
A yard near a stream where ducks are resting and preening themselves.
Mood: anxious, desperate
The servant overhears the ducks and discovers the Queen's ring.
Large Lake
A large lake where the princess throws a golden ring and challenges suitors to retrieve it.
Mood: public, challenging
The servant is tasked with retrieving the ring and is aided by the grateful fish.
Princess's Garden
A garden where the princess scatters ten sacks of millet.
Mood: impossible, daunting
The servant is tasked with gathering the millet, and the ants complete the task overnight.
End of the World
A distant location where the tree of life grows.
Mood: magical, distant
The ravens retrieve the golden apple for the servant.