The White Snake

by Andrew Lang · from The Green Fairy Book

fairy tale transformation hopeful Ages 8-14 1597 words 7 min read
Cover: The White Snake
Original Story 1597 words · 7 min read

THE WHITE SNAKE

Not very long ago there lived a King, the fame of whose wisdom was

spread far and wide. Nothing appeared to be unknown to him, and it

really seemed as if tidings of the most secret matters must be borne to

him by the winds. He had one very peculiar habit. Every day, after the

dinner table had been cleared, and everyone had retired, a confidential

servant brought in a dish. It was covered, and neither the servant nor

anyone else had any idea what was on it, for the King never removed the

cover or partook of the dish, till he was quite alone.

This went on for some time till, one day, the servant who removed the

dish was so overcome with curiosity, that he could not resist carrying

it off to his own room. After carefully locking the door, he lifted the

cover, and there he saw a white snake lying on the dish. On seeing it he

could not restrain his desire to taste it, so he cut off a small piece

and put it in his mouth.

Hardly had it touched his tongue than he heard a strange sort of

whispering of tiny voices outside his window. He stepped to the casement

to listen, and found that the sound proceeded from the sparrows, who

were talking together and telling each other all they had seen in the

fields and woods. The piece of the white snake which he had eaten had

enabled him to understand the language of animals.

Now on this particular day, it so happened that the Queen lost her

favourite ring, and suspicion fell on the confidential servant who had

access to all parts of the palace. The King sent for him, and threatened

him angrily, saying that if he had not found the thief by the next day,

he should himself be taken up and tried.

It was useless to assert his innocence; he was dismissed without

ceremony. In his agitation and distress, he went down to the yard to

think over what he could do in this trouble. Here were a number of ducks

resting near a little stream, and pluming themselves with their bills,

whilst they kept up an animated conversation amongst themselves. The

servant stood still listening to them. They were talking of where they

had been waddling about all the morning, and of the good food they had

found, but one of them remarked rather sadly, 'There's something lying

very heavy on my stomach, for in my haste I've swallowed a ring, which

was lying just under the Queen's window.'

[Illustration]

No sooner did the servant hear this than he seized the duck by the neck,

carried it off to the kitchen, and said to the cook, 'Suppose you kill

this duck; you see she's nice and fat.'

'Yes, indeed,' said the cook, weighing the duck in his hand, 'she

certainly has spared no pains to stuff herself well, and must have been

waiting for the spit for some time.' So he chopped off her head, and

when she was opened there was the Queen's ring in her stomach.

It was easy enough now for the servant to prove his innocence, and the

King, feeling he had done him an injustice, and anxious to make some

amends, desired him to ask any favour he chose, and promised to give him

the highest post at Court he could wish for.

The servant, however, declined everything, and only begged for a horse

and some money to enable him to travel, as he was anxious to see

something of the world.

When his request was granted, he set off on his journey, and in the

course of it he one day came to a large pond, on the edge of which he

noticed three fishes which had got entangled in the reeds and were

gasping for water. Though fish are generally supposed to be quite mute,

he heard them grieving aloud at the prospect of dying in this wretched

manner. Having a very kind heart he dismounted and soon set the

prisoners free, and in the water once more. They flapped with joy, and

stretching up their heads cried to him: 'We will remember, and reward

you for saving us.'

He rode further, and after a while he thought he heard a voice in the

sand under his feet. He paused to listen, and heard the King of the Ants

complaining: 'If only men with their awkward beasts would keep clear of

us! That stupid horse is crushing my people mercilessly to death with

his great hoofs.' The servant at once turned into a side path, and the

Ant-King called after him, 'We'll remember and reward you.'

The road next led through a wood, where he saw a father and a mother

raven standing by their nest and throwing out their young: 'Away with

you, you young rascals!' they cried, 'we can't feed you any longer. You

are quite big enough to support yourselves now.' The poor little birds

lay on the ground flapping and beating their wings, and shrieked, 'We

poor helpless children, feed ourselves indeed! Why, we can't even fly

yet; what can we do but die of hunger?' Then the kind youth dismounted,

drew his sword, and killing his horse left it there as food for the

young ravens. They hopped up, satisfied their hunger, and piped: 'We'll

remember, and reward you!'

He was now obliged to trust to his own legs, and after walking a long

way he reached a big town. Here he found a great crowd and much

commotion in the streets, and a herald rode about announcing, 'The

King's daughter seeks a husband, but whoever would woo her must first

execute a difficult task, and if he does not succeed he must be content

to forfeit his life.' Many had risked their lives, but in vain. When the

youth saw the King's daughter, he was so dazzled by her beauty, that he

forgot all idea of danger, and went to the King to announce himself a

suitor.

On this he was led out to a large lake, and a gold ring was thrown into

it before his eyes. The King desired him to dive after it, adding, 'If

you return without it you will be thrown back into the lake time after

time, till you are drowned in its depths.'

Everyone felt sorry for the handsome young fellow, and left him alone on

the shore. There he stood thinking and wondering what he could do, when

all of a sudden he saw three fishes swimming along, and recognised them

as the very same whose lives he had saved. The middle fish held a mussel

in its mouth, which it laid at the young man's feet, and when he picked

it up and opened it, there was the golden ring inside.

Full of delight he brought it to the King's daughter, expecting to

receive his promised reward. The haughty Princess, however, on hearing

that he was not her equal by birth despised him, and exacted the

fulfilment of a second task.

She went into the garden, and with her own hands she strewed ten sacks

full of millet all over the grass. 'He must pick all that up to-morrow

morning before sunrise,' she said; 'not a grain must be lost.'

The youth sat down in the garden and wondered how it would be possible

for him to accomplish such a task, but he could think of no expedient,

and sat there sadly expecting to meet his death at daybreak.

But when the first rays of the rising sun fell on the garden, he saw the

ten sacks all completely filled, standing there in a row, and not a

single grain missing. The Ant-King, with his thousands and thousands of

followers, had come during the night, and the grateful creatures had

industriously gathered all the millet together and put it in the sacks.

The King's daughter came down to the garden herself, and saw to her

amazement that her suitor had accomplished the task she had given him.

But even now she could not bend her proud heart, and she said, 'Though

he has executed these two tasks, yet he shall not be my husband till he

brings me an apple from the tree of life.'

The young man did not even know where the tree of life grew, but he set

off, determined to walk as far as his legs would carry him, though he

had no hope of ever finding it.

After journeying through three different kingdoms he reached a wood one

night, and lying down under a tree prepared to go to sleep there.

Suddenly he heard a sound in the boughs, and a golden apple fell right

into his hand. At the same moment three ravens flew down to him,

perched on his knee and said, 'We are the three young ravens whom you

saved from starvation. When we grew up and heard you were searching for

the golden apple, we flew far away over the seas to the end of the

world, where the tree of life grows, and fetched the golden apple for

you.'

[Illustration]

Full of joy the young man started on his way back and brought the golden

apple to the lovely Princess, whose objections were now entirely

silenced. They divided the apple of life and ate it together, and her

heart grew full of love for him, so they lived together to a great age

in undisturbed happiness.

Grimm.


Story DNA

Moral

Acts of kindness, no matter how small, will be repaid in unexpected ways, and true worth is found in character, not birthright.

Plot Summary

A King's servant secretly tastes a white snake, gaining the ability to understand animal speech. This power helps him clear his name when falsely accused of stealing the Queen's ring. Declining court honors, he embarks on a journey, performing acts of kindness by saving various animals. Later, he falls for a proud Princess who sets him three impossible tasks to win her hand. With the help of the grateful animals he previously saved, he successfully completes each task, including retrieving the magical apple of life, ultimately winning the Princess's love and living happily ever after.

Themes

kindness and compassionthe power of gratitudehumility vs. pridefate and destiny

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three (tasks, animal helpers), direct address to reader (e.g., 'Though fish are generally supposed to be quite mute'), anthropomorphism

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person (servant vs. King's judgment, servant vs. Princess's pride), person vs. fate
Ending: happy
Magic: white snake granting animal speech, talking animals (sparrows, ducks, fish, ants, ravens), Tree of Life and its golden apple
the white snake (knowledge, transformation)the golden ring (proof of innocence, quest object)the apple of life (love, immortality, overcoming pride)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

This version is attributed to Grimm, reflecting common European folklore motifs of animal helpers and magical transformations.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A King secretly eats from a covered dish daily; his curious servant discovers it contains a white snake.
  2. The servant tastes the snake, gaining the ability to understand animal speech.
  3. The Queen's ring is lost, and the servant is falsely accused and threatened with punishment.
  4. Overhearing ducks, the servant discovers one swallowed the ring, proving his innocence to the King.
  5. The King offers him a high court position, but the servant declines, requesting a horse and money to travel.
  6. On his journey, he saves three fish entangled in reeds.
  7. He diverts his horse to avoid crushing ants, earning their gratitude.
  8. He sacrifices his horse to feed three starving young ravens, who promise to remember him.
  9. He arrives in a town where a Princess offers her hand to anyone who completes a dangerous task.
  10. He volunteers and is tasked with retrieving a golden ring from a lake; the saved fish return it to him.
  11. The Princess, still proud, tasks him with gathering ten sacks of millet scattered in the garden by sunrise; the saved ants complete this for him.
  12. The Princess, still unwilling, demands an apple from the Tree of Life, whose location is unknown.
  13. The ravens he saved bring him the golden apple from the ends of the world.
  14. The Princess's pride is broken; they eat the apple of life together, fall in love, and live happily ever after.

Characters

👤

The King

human adult male

Wise, regal bearing

Attire: Royal robes, crown

Crown askew in thought

Wise, just, but prone to suspicion

👤

The Servant

human young adult male

Handsome, kind-looking

Attire: Simple tunic and trousers, travel-worn

Listening intently, head cocked

Kind, compassionate, adventurous

👤

The Queen

human adult female

Elegant, fair

Attire: Elegant gown, ring on finger

Missing ring finger

Appears briefly as a victim of theft

🐾

The Duck

animal adult female

Fat, plump

Attire: Natural feathers

Ring lodged in its stomach

Oblivious, gluttonous

👤

The King's Daughter

human young adult female

Dazzlingly beautiful, haughty

Attire: Rich gown, jewels

Scattering millet seeds with a cruel smile

Proud, demanding, initially cold-hearted

🐾

The Fishes

animal adult unknown

Slippery, scaled

Attire: Scales

Fish holding a mussel with a ring

Grateful, helpful

✦

The Ant-King

magical creature ageless unknown

Tiny, commanding

Leading a swarm of ants

Grateful, organized

🐾

The Ravens

animal young adult unknown

Black feathers, strong beaks

Attire: Feathers

Delivering a golden apple

Grateful, resourceful

Locations

King's Chamber

indoor night

A private room where the King eats a mysterious covered dish alone each day.

Mood: mysterious, secretive

The servant tastes the white snake and gains the ability to understand animals.

covered dish dinner table confidential servant

Palace Yard by a Stream

outdoor day

A yard near a stream where ducks are resting and preening themselves.

Mood: anxious, desperate

The servant overhears the ducks and discovers the Queen's ring.

ducks stream Queen's window

Large Lake

outdoor day

A large lake where the princess throws a golden ring and challenges suitors to retrieve it.

Mood: public, challenging

The servant is tasked with retrieving the ring and is aided by the grateful fish.

golden ring shore depths

Princess's Garden

outdoor night

A garden where the princess scatters ten sacks of millet.

Mood: impossible, daunting

The servant is tasked with gathering the millet, and the ants complete the task overnight.

millet grass ten sacks

End of the World

outdoor

A distant location where the tree of life grows.

Mood: magical, distant

The ravens retrieve the golden apple for the servant.

tree of life golden apple seas