Donkey Skin
by Andrew Lang · from The Grey Fairy Book
Original Story
Donkey Skin
There was once upon a time a king who was so much beloved by his
subjects that he thought himself the happiest monarch in the whole
world, and he had everything his heart could desire. His palace was
filled with the rarest of curiosities, and his gardens with the sweetest
flowers, while in the marble stalls of his stables stood a row of
milk-white Arabs, with big brown eyes.
Strangers who had heard of the marvels which the king had collected,
and made long journeys to see them, were, however, surprised to find the
most splendid stall of all occupied by a donkey, with particularly large
and drooping ears. It was a very fine donkey; but still, as far as they
could tell, nothing so very remarkable as to account for the care with
which it was lodged; and they went away wondering, for they could
not know that every night, when it was asleep, bushels of gold pieces
tumbled out of its ears, which were picked up each morning by the
attendants.
After many years of prosperity a sudden blow fell upon the king in the
death of his wife, whom he loved dearly. But before she died, the
queen, who had always thought first of his happiness, gathered all her
strength, and said to him:
‘Promise me one thing: you must marry again, I know, for the good of
your people, as well as of yourself. But do not set about it in a hurry.
Wait until you have found a woman more beautiful and better formed than
myself.’
‘Oh, do not speak to me of marrying,’ sobbed the king; ‘rather let me
die with you!’ But the queen only smiled faintly, and turned over on her
pillow and died.
For some months the king’s grief was great; then gradually he began to
forget a little, and, besides, his counsellors were always urging him to
seek another wife. At first he refused to listen to them, but by-and-by
he allowed himself to be persuaded to think of it, only stipulating that
the bride should be more beautiful and attractive than the late queen,
according to the promise he had made her.
Overjoyed at having obtained what they wanted, the counsellors sent
envoys far and wide to get portraits of all the most famous beauties of
every country. The artists were very busy and did their best, but, alas!
nobody could even pretend that any of the ladies could compare for a
moment with the late queen.
At length, one day, when he had turned away discouraged from a fresh
collection of pictures, the king’s eyes fell on his adopted daughter,
who had lived in the palace since she was a baby, and he saw that, if
a woman existed on the whole earth more lovely than the queen, this was
she! He at once made known what his wishes were, but the young girl, who
was not at all ambitious, and had not the faintest desire to marry him,
was filled with dismay, and begged for time to think about it. That
night, when everyone was asleep, she started in a little car drawn by a
big sheep, and went to consult her fairy godmother.
‘I know what you have come to tell me,’ said the fairy, when the maiden
stepped out of the car; ‘and if you don’t wish to marry him, I will show
you how to avoid it. Ask him to give you a dress that exactly matches
the sky. It will be impossible for him to get one, so you will be quite
safe.’ The girl thanked the fairy and returned home again.
The next morning, when her father (as she had always called him) came
to see her, she told him that she could give him no answer until he had
presented her with a dress the colour of the sky. The king, overjoyed
at this answer, sent for all the choicest weavers and dressmakers in the
kingdom, and commanded them to make a robe the colour of the sky without
an instant’s delay, or he would cut off their heads at once. Dreadfully
frightened at this threat, they all began to dye and cut and sew, and in
two days they brought back the dress, which looked as if it had been cut
straight out of the heavens! The poor girl was thunderstruck, and did
not know what to do; so in the night she harnessed her sheep again, and
went in search of her godmother.
‘The king is cleverer than I thought,’ said the fairy; ‘but tell him you
must have a dress of moonbeams.’
And the next day, when the king summoned her into his presence, the girl
told him what she wanted.
‘Madam, I can refuse you nothing,’ said he; and he ordered the dress to
be ready in twenty-four hours, or every man should be hanged.
They set to work with all their might, and by dawn next day, the dress
of moonbeams was laid across her bed. The girl, though she could not
help admiring its beauty, began to cry, till the fairy, who heard her,
came to her help.
‘Well, I could not have believed it of him!’ said she; ‘but ask for a
dress of sunshine, and I shall be surprised indeed if he manages that!’
The goddaughter did not feel much faith in the fairy after her two
previous failures; but not knowing what else to do, she told her father
what she was bid.
The king made no difficulties about it, and even gave his finest
rubies and diamonds to ornament the dress, which was so dazzling, when
finished, that it could not be looked at save through smoked glasses!
When the princess saw it, she pretended that the sight hurt her eyes,
and retired to her room, where she found the fairy awaiting her, very
much ashamed of herself.
‘There is only one thing to be done now,’ cried she; ‘you must demand
the skin of the ass he sets such store by. It is from that donkey he
obtains all his vast riches, and I am sure he will never give it to
you.’
The princess was not so certain; however, she went to the king, and told
him she could never marry him till he had given her the ass’s skin.
The king was both astonished and grieved at this new request, but did
not hesitate an instant. The ass was sacrificed, and the skin laid at
the feet of the princess.
The poor girl, seeing no escape from the fate she dreaded, wept afresh,
and tore her hair; when, suddenly, the fairy stood before her.
‘Take heart,’ she said, ‘all will now go well! Wrap yourself in this
skin, and leave the palace and go as far as you can. I will look after
you. Your dresses and your jewels shall follow you underground, and if
you strike the earth whenever you need anything, you will have it at
once. But go quickly: you have no time to lose.’
So the princess clothed herself in the ass’s skin, and slipped from the
palace without being seen by anyone.
Directly she was missed there was a great hue and cry, and every corner,
possible and impossible, was searched. Then the king sent out parties
along all the roads, but the fairy threw her invisible mantle over the
girl when they approached, and none of them could see her.
The princess walked on a long, long way, trying to find some one who
would take her in, and let her work for them; but though the cottagers,
whose houses she passed, gave her food from charity, the ass’s skin was
so dirty they would not allow her to enter their houses. For her flight
had been so hurried she had had no time to clean it.
Tired and disheartened at her ill-fortune, she was wandering, one day,
past the gate of a farmyard, situated just outside the walls of a large
town, when she heard a voice calling to her. She turned and saw the
farmer’s wife standing among her turkeys, and making signs to her to
come in.
‘I want a girl to wash the dishes and feed the turkeys, and clean out
the pig-sty,’ said the w omen, ‘and, to judge by your dirty clothes, you
would not be too fine for the work.’
The girl accepted her offer with joy, and she was at once set to work in
a corner of the kitchen, where all the farm servants came and made fun
of her, and the ass’s skin in which she was wrapped. But by-and-by they
got so used to the sight of it that it ceased to amuse them, and she
worked so hard and so well, that her mistress grew quite fond of her.
And she was so clever at keeping sheep and herding turkeys that you
would have thought she had done nothing else during her whole life!
One day she was sitting on the banks of a stream bewailing her wretched
lot, when she suddenly caught sight of herself in the water. Her hair
and part of her face was quite concealed by the ass’s head, which was
drawn right over like a hood, and the filthy matted skin covered her
whole body. It was the first time she had seen herself as other people
saw her, and she was filled with shame at the spectacle. Then she threw
off her disguise and jumped into the water, plunging in again and again,
till she shone like ivory. When it was time to go back to the farm, she
was forced to put on the skin which disguised her, and now seemed more
dirty than ever; but, as she did so, she comforted herself with the
thought that to-morrow was a holiday, and that she would be able for
a few hours to forget that she was a farm girl, and be a princess once
more.
So, at break of day, she stamped on the ground, as the fairy had told
her, and instantly the dress like the sky lay across her tiny bed. Her
room was so small that there was no place for the train of her dress to
spread itself out, but she pinned it up carefully when she combed her
beautiful hair and piled it up on the top of her head, as she had always
worn it. When she had done, she was so pleased with herself that
she determined never to let a chance pass of putting on her splendid
clothes, even if she had to wear them in the fields, with no one to
admire her but the sheep and turkeys.
Now the farm was a royal farm, and, one holiday, when ‘Donkey Skin’ (as
they had nicknamed the princess) had locked the door of her room and
clothed herself in her dress of sunshine, the king’s son rode through
the gate, and asked if he might come and rest himself a little after
hunting. Some food and milk were set before him in the garden, and when
he felt rested he got up, and began to explore the house, which was
famous throughout the whole kingdom for its age and beauty. He opened
one door after the other, admiring the old rooms, when he came to a
handle that would not turn. He stooped and peeped through the keyhole to
see what was inside, and was greatly astonished at beholding a beautiful
girl, clad in a dress so dazzling that he could hardly look at it.
The dark gallery seemed darker than ever as he turned away, but he went
back to the kitchen and inquired who slept in the room at the end of the
passage. The scullery maid, they told him, whom everybody laughed
at, and called ‘Donkey Skin;’ and though he perceived there was some
strange mystery about this, he saw quite clearly there was nothing to be
gained by asking any more questions. So he rode back to the palace, his
head filled with the vision he had seen through the keyhole.
All night long he tossed about, and awoke the next morning in a high
fever. The queen, who had no other child, and lived in a state of
perpetual anxiety about this one, at once gave him up for lost, and
indeed his sudden illness puzzled the greatest doctors, who tried the
usual remedies in vain. At last they told the queen that some secret
sorrow must be at the bottom of all this, and she threw herself on her
knees beside her son’s bed, and implored him to confide his trouble to
her. If it was ambition to be king, his father would gladly resign the
cares of the crown, and suffer him to reign in his stead; or, if it
was love, everything should be sacrificed to get for him the wife he
desired, even if she were daughter of a king with whom the country was
at war at present!
‘Madam,’ replied the prince, whose weakness would hardly allow him to
speak, ‘do not think me so unnatural as to wish to deprive my father of
his crown. As long as he lives I shall remain the most faithful of his
subjects! And as to the princesses you speak of, I have seen none that
I should care for as a wife, though I would always obey your wishes,
whatever it might cost me.’
‘Ah! my son,’ cried she, ‘we will do anything in the world to save your
life----and ours too, for if you die, we shall die also.’
‘Well, then,’ replied the prince, ‘I will tell you the only thing that
will cure me----a cake made by the hand of “Donkey Skin.”’
‘Donkey Skin?’ exclaimed the queen, who thought her son had gone mad;
‘and who or what is that?’
‘Madam,’ answered one of the attendants present, who had been with
the prince at the farm, ‘“Donkey Skin” is, next to the wolf, the most
disgusting creature on the face of the earth. She is a girl who wears a
black, greasy skin, and lives at your farmer’s as hen-wife.’
‘Never mind,’ said the queen; ‘my son seems to have eaten some of her
pastry. It is the whim of a sick man, no doubt; but send at once and let
her bake a cake.’
The attendant bowed and ordered a page to ride with the message.
Now it is by no means certain that ‘Donkey Skin’ had not caught a
glimpse of the prince, either when his eyes looked through the keyhole,
or else from her little window, which was over the road. But whether she
had actually seen him or only heard him spoken of, directly she received
the queen’s command, she flung off the dirty skin, washed herself from
head to foot, and put on a skirt and bodice of shining silver. Then,
locking herself into her room, she took the richest cream, the finest
flour, and the freshest eggs on the farm, and set about making her cake.
As she was stirring the mixture in the saucepan a ring that she
sometimes wore in secret slipped from her finger and fell into the
dough. Perhaps ‘Donkey Skin’ saw it, or perhaps she did not; but, any
way, she went on stirring, and soon the cake was ready to be put in the
oven. When it was nice and brown she took off her dress and put on her
dirty skin, and gave the cake to the page, asking at the same time for
news of the prince. But the page turned his head aside, and would not
even condescend to answer.
The page rode like the wind, and as soon as he arrived at the palace
he snatched up a silver tray and hastened to present the cake to the
prince. The sick man began to eat it so fast that the doctors thought he
would choke; and, indeed, he very nearly did, for the ring was in one
of the bits which he broke off, though he managed to extract it from his
mouth without anyone seeing him.
The moment the prince was left alone he drew the ring from under his
pillow and kissed it a thousand times. Then he set his mind to find how
he was to see the owner---for even he did not dare to confess that he
had only beheld ‘Donkey Skin’ through a keyhole, lest they should laugh
at this sudden passion. All this worry brought back the fever, which the
arrival of the cake had diminished for the time; and the doctors, not
knowing what else to say, informed the queen that her son was simply
dying of love. The queen, stricken with horror, rushed into the king’s
presence with the news, and together they hastened to their son’s
bedside.
‘My boy, my dear boy!’ cried the king, ‘who is it you want to marry?
We will give her to you for a bride; even if she is the humblest of our
slaves. What is there in the whole world that we would not do for you?’
The prince, moved to tears at these words, drew the ring, which was an
emerald of the purest water, from under his pillow.
‘Ah, dear father and mother, let this be a proof that she whom I love
is no peasant girl. The finger which that ring fits has never been
thickened by hard work. But be her condition what it may, I will marry
no other.’
The king and queen examined the tiny ring very closely, and agreed, with
their son, that the wearer could be no mere farm girl. Then the king
went out and ordered heralds and trumpeters to go through the town,
summoning every maiden to the palace. And she whom the ring fitted would
some day be queen.
First came all the princesses, then all the duchesses’ daughters, and
so on, in proper order. But not one of them could slip the ring over the
tip of her finger, to the great joy of the prince, whom excitement
was fast curing. At last, when the high-born damsels had failed, the
shopgirls and chambermaids took their turn; but with no better fortune.
‘Call in the scullions and shepherdesses,’ commanded the prince; but the
sight of their fat, red fingers satisfied everybody.
‘There is not a woman left, your Highness,’ said the chamberlain; but
the prince waved him aside.
‘Have you sent for “Donkey Skin,” who made me the cake?’ asked he, and
the courtiers began to laugh, and replied that they would not have dared
to introduce so dirty a creature into the palace.
‘Let some one go for her at once,’ ordered the king. ‘I commanded the
presence of every maiden, high or low, and I meant it.’
The princess had heard the trumpets and the proclamations, and knew
quite well that her ring was at the bottom of it all. She, too, had
fallen in love with the prince in the brief glimpse she had had of him,
and trembled with fear lest someone else’s finger might be as small as
her own. When, therefore, the messenger from the palace rode up to the
gate, she was nearly beside herself with delight. Hoping all the time
for such a summons, she had dressed herself with great care, putting on
the garment of moonlight, whose skirt was scattered over with emeralds.
But when they began calling to her to come down, she hastily covered
herself with her donkey-skin and announced she was ready to present
herself before his Highness. She was taken straight into the hall, where
the prince was awaiting her, but at the sight of the donkey-skin his
heart sank. Had he been mistaken after all?
‘Are you the girl,’ he said, turning his eyes away as he spoke, ‘are you
the girl who has a room in the furthest corner of the inner court of the
farmhouse?’
‘Yes, my lord, I am,’ answered she.
‘Hold out your hand then,’ continued the prince, feeling that he must
keep his word, whatever the cost, and, to the astonishment of every one
present, a little hand, white and delicate, came from beneath the black
and dirty skin. The ring slipped on with the utmost ease, and, as it did
so, the skin fell to the ground, disclosing a figure of such beauty that
the prince, weak as he was, fell on his knees before her, while the
king and queen joined their prayers to his. Indeed, their welcome was so
warm, and their caresses so bewildering, that the princess hardly knew
how to find words to reply, when the ceiling of the hall opened, and the
fairy godmother appeared, seated in a car made entirely of white lilac.
In a few words she explained the history of the princess, and how she
came to be there, and, without losing a moment, preparations of the most
magnificent kind were made for the wedding.
The kings of every country in the earth were invited, including, of
course, the princess’s adopted father (who by this time had married a
widow), and not one refused.
But what a strange assembly it was! Each monarch travelled in the way
he thought most impressive; and some came borne in litters, others
had carriages of every shape and kind, while the rest were mounted on
elephants, tigers, and even upon eagles. So splendid a wedding had never
been seen before; and when it was over the king announced that it was
to be followed by a coronation, for he and the queen were tired of
reigning, and the young couple must take their place. The rejoicings
lasted for three whole months, then the new sovereigns settled down
to govern their kingdom, and made themselves so much beloved by their
subjects, that when they died, a hundred years later, each man mourned
them as his own father and mother.
[From le Cabinet de Fees.]
Story DNA
Moral
Even in the darkest of circumstances, virtue and true beauty will eventually be recognized and rewarded.
Plot Summary
A king, after his queen's death, promises to marry only someone more beautiful than her, and tragically decides his own daughter fits the description. Advised by her fairy godmother, the princess makes impossible demands for dresses and finally the skin of her father's magical, gold-producing donkey to avoid the marriage. The king fulfills all demands, forcing the princess to flee in the dirty donkey skin, taking refuge as a scullery maid at a distant farm. A prince falls in love with a glimpse of her true self and uses a ring, found in a cake she baked, to identify her, leading to her true identity being revealed and their eventual marriage and reign.
Themes
Emotional Arc
despair to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale, 'Peau d'Âne' by Charles Perrault, is a classic French literary fairy tale, often seen as a cautionary tale against incest and a story of virtue rewarded. The magical donkey is a common motif in folklore for inexplicable wealth.
Plot Beats (15)
- A king, wealthy from a magical donkey, loses his queen who makes him promise to only marry someone more beautiful than her.
- The king decides his own daughter is the only one beautiful enough and proposes marriage to her.
- The princess consults her fairy godmother, who advises her to demand dresses of the sky, moonbeams, and sunshine, believing these to be impossible.
- The king, determined, successfully procures all three impossible dresses.
- The fairy godmother then advises the princess to demand the skin of the king's magical, gold-producing donkey, certain he will refuse.
- The king, surprisingly, sacrifices the donkey and presents its skin to the princess.
- The princess, wrapped in the dirty donkey skin, flees the kingdom with her magical dresses and jewels hidden, finding work as a scullery maid at a distant farm.
- A prince from a neighboring kingdom glimpses the princess in her finery through a keyhole and falls deeply in love, becoming ill with longing.
- The prince demands a cake baked by 'Donkey Skin' as a cure for his illness.
- The princess, recognizing the prince from her brief glimpse, bakes the cake, intentionally or accidentally dropping her emerald ring into the dough.
- The prince finds the ring in the cake and declares he will marry only the woman whose finger it fits.
- All maidens in the kingdom try on the ring, but none fit, until 'Donkey Skin' is finally summoned.
- The princess, still in her donkey skin, tries on the ring, which fits perfectly, and as it does, her disguise falls away, revealing her true beauty and her magical dresses.
- The fairy godmother appears to explain the princess's history and ordeal.
- The prince and princess marry in a grand ceremony attended by kings from all over, including her adopted father, and they rule happily ever after.
Characters
The King
Not described physically, but assumed to be regal in appearance.
Attire: Richly decorated royal garments, including robes and crowns, appropriate for a king.
Obsessive, selfish, and ultimately repentant.
The Queen (deceased)
Described as beautiful and well-formed.
Attire: Elegant royal gowns, likely adorned with jewels and fine fabrics.
Kind, thoughtful, and concerned for her husband's happiness and the kingdom's well-being.
Donkey Skin (Princess)
Extremely beautiful, with a delicate hand.
Attire: Initially, fine dresses (sky, moonbeams, sunshine), then a dirty donkey skin, and finally, a moonlight gown scattered with emeralds.
Resourceful, kind, and initially reluctant but ultimately brave and deserving of happiness.
The Prince
Not explicitly described, but implied to be handsome and of noble bearing.
Attire: Royal attire, including tunics, cloaks, and possibly armor, depending on the context.
Determined, romantic, and persistent in his pursuit of the princess.
Fairy Godmother
Not explicitly described, but implied to be ethereal and radiant.
Attire: Magical garments, possibly shimmering and adorned with stars or other celestial motifs.
Helpful, wise, and protective of the princess.
The Donkey
Large and drooping ears.
Attire: None.
Docile, valuable.
Locations
Royal Palace
Filled with rare curiosities, marble stalls for milk-white Arabian horses, and a special stall for the donkey that produces gold.
Mood: luxurious, opulent, initially happy then grief-stricken
The king grieves for his wife, decides to remarry, and the princess receives impossible dress requests.
Fairy Godmother's Abode
Implied to be a place of magic and refuge, reached by a car drawn by a big sheep.
Mood: magical, safe, helpful
The princess seeks advice on how to avoid marrying her father.
Farmhouse Inner Court
A farmhouse with an inner court, where Donkey Skin lives in the furthest corner.
Mood: humble, isolated, disguised
Donkey Skin hides, works as a servant, and bakes a cake with her ring inside.
Palace Hall
A grand hall where maidens are summoned to try on the ring, culminating in the revelation of Donkey Skin's true identity.
Mood: formal, expectant, climactic
The prince identifies Donkey Skin, the donkey skin falls off, and the fairy godmother appears.