The Goat-faced Girl
by Andrew Lang · from The Grey Fairy Book
Original Story
The Goat-faced Girl
There was once upon a time a peasant called Masaniello who had twelve
daughters. They were exactly like the steps of a staircase, for there
was just a year between each sister. It was all the poor man could do to
bring up such a large family, and in order to provide food for them he
used to dig in the fields all day long. In spite of his hard work he
only just succeeded in keeping the wolf from the door, and the poor
little girls often went hungry to bed.
One day, when Masaniello was working at the foot of a high mountain, he
came upon the mouth of a cave which was so dark and gloomy that even
the sun seemed afraid to enter it. Suddenly a huge green lizard appeared
from the inside and stood before Masaniello, who nearly went out of his
mind with terror, for the beast was as big as a crocodile and quite as
fierce looking.
But the lizard sat down beside him in the most friendly manner, and
said: ‘Don’t be afraid, my good man, I am not going to hurt you; on the
contrary, I am most anxious to help you.’
When the peasant heard these words he knelt before the lizard and said:
‘Dear lady, for I know not what to call you, I am in your power; but I
beg of you to be merciful, for I have twelve wretched little daughters
at home who are dependent on me.’
‘That’s the very reason why I have come to you,’ replied the lizard.
‘Bring me your youngest daughter to-morrow morning. I promise to bring
her up as if she were my own child, and to look upon her as the apple of
my eye.’
When Masaniello heard her words he was very unhappy, because he felt
sure, from the lizard’s wanting one of his daughters, the youngest and
tenderest too, that the poor little girl would only serve as dessert for
the terrible creature’s supper. At the same time he said to himself,
‘If I refuse her request, she will certainly eat me up on the spot. If
I give her what she asks she does indeed take part of myself, but if I
refuse she will take the whole of me. What am I to do, and how in the
world am I to get out of the difficulty?’
As he kept muttering to himself the lizard said, ‘Make up your mind to
do as I tell you at once. I desire to have your youngest daughter, and
if you won’t comply with my wish, I can only say it will be the worse
for you.’
Seeing that there was nothing else to be done, Masaniello set off for
his home, and arrived there looking so white and wretched that his wife
asked him at once: ‘What has happened to you, my dear husband? Have you
quarrelled with anyone, or has the poor donkey fallen down?’
‘Neither the one nor the other,’ answered her husband,’ but something
far worse than either. A terrible lizard has nearly frightened me out
of my senses, for she threatened that if I did not give her our youngest
daughter, she would make me repent it. My head is going round like a
mill-wheel, and I don’t know what to do. I am indeed between the Devil
and the Deep Sea. You know how dearly I love Renzolla, and yet, if I
fail to bring her to the lizard to-morrow morning, I must say farewell
to life. Do advise me what to do.’
When his wife had heard all he had to say, she said to him: ‘How do you
know, my dear husband, that the lizard is really our enemy? May she not
be a friend in disguise? And your meeting with her may be the beginning
of better things and the end of all our misery. Therefore go and take
the child to her, for my heart tells me that you will never repent doing
so.’
Masaniello was much comforted by her words, and next morning as soon as
it was light he took his little daughter by the hand and led her to the
cave.
The lizard, who was awaiting the peasant’s arrival, came forward to meet
him, and taking the girl by the hand, she gave the father a sack full
of gold, and said: ‘Go and marry your other daughters, and give them
dowries with this gold, and be of good cheer, for Renzolla will have
both father and mother in me; it is a great piece of luck for her that
she has fallen into my hands.’
Masaniello, quite overcome with gratitude, thanked the lizard, and
returned home to his wife.
As soon as it was known how rich the peasant had become, suitors for the
hands of his daughters were not wanting, and very soon he married them
all off; and even then there was enough gold left to keep himself and
his wife in comfort and plenty all their days.
As soon as the lizard was left alone with Renzolla, she changed the cave
into a beautiful palace, and led the girl inside. Here she brought her
up like a little princess, and the child wanted for nothing. She gave
her sumptuous food to eat, beautiful clothes to wear, and a thousand
servants to wait on her.
Now, it happened, one day, that the king of the country was hunting in a
wood close to the palace, and was overtaken by the dark. Seeing a light
shining in the palace he sent one of his servants to ask if he could get
a night’s lodging there.
When the page knocked at the door the lizard changed herself into
a beautiful woman, and opened it herself. When she heard the king’s
request she sent him a message to say that she would be delighted to see
him, and give him all he wanted.
The king, on hearing this kind invitation, instantly betook himself
to the palace, where he was received in the most hospitable manner. A
hundred pages with torches came to meet him, a hundred more waited on
him at table, and another hundred waved big fans in the air to keep the
flies from him. Renzolla herself poured out the wine for him, and, so
gracefully did she do it, that his Majesty could not take his eyes off
her.
When the meal was finished and the table cleared, the king retired
to sleep, and Renzolla drew the shoes from his feet, at the same time
drawing his heart from his breast. So desperately had he fallen in love
with her, that he called the fairy to him, and asked her for Renzolla’s
hand in marriage. As the kind fairy had only the girl’s welfare at
heart, she willingly gave her consent, and not her consent only, but a
wedding portion of seven thousand golden guineas.
The king, full of delight over his good fortune, prepared to take his
departure, accompanied by Renzolla, who never so much as thanked the
fairy for all she had done for her. When the fairy saw such a base want
of gratitude she determined to punish the girl, and, cursing her, she
turned her face into a goat’s head. In a moment Renzolla’s pretty mouth
stretched out into a snout, with a beard a yard long at the end of it,
her cheeks sank in, and her shining plaits of hair changed into two
sharp horns. When the king turned round and saw her he thought he must
have taken leave of his senses. He burst into tears, and cried out:
‘Where is the hair that bound me so tightly, where are the eyes that
pierced through my heart, and where are the lips I kissed? Am I to be
tied to a goat all my life? No, no! nothing will induce me to become the
laughing-stock of my subjects for the sake of a goat-faced girl!’
When they reached his own country he shut Renzolla up in a little turret
chamber of his palace, with a waiting-maid, and gave each of them ten
bundles of flax to spin, telling them that their task must be finished
by the end of the week.
The maid, obedient to the king’s commands, set at once to work and
combed out the flax, wound it round the spindle, and sat spinning at her
wheel so diligently that her work was quite done by Saturday evening.
But Renzolla, who had been spoilt and petted in the fairy’s house, and
was quite unaware of the change that had taken place in her appearance,
threw the flax out of the window and said: ‘What is the king thinking
of that he should give me this work to do? If he wants shirts he can
buy them. It isn’t even as if he had picked me out of the gutter, for he
ought to remember that I brought him seven thousand golden guineas as
my wedding portion, and that I am his wife and not his slave. He must be
mad to treat me like this.’
All the same, when Saturday evening came, and she saw that the
waiting-maid had finished her task, she took fright lest she should
be punished for her idleness. So she hurried off to the palace of
the fairy, and confided all her woes to her. The fairy embraced her
tenderly, and gave her a sack full of spun flax, in order that she
might show it to the king, and let him see what a good worker she was.
Renzolla took the sack without one word of thanks, and returned to
the palace, leaving the kind fairy very indignant over her want of
gratitude.
When the king saw the flax all spun, he gave Renzolla and the
waiting-maid each a little dog, and told them to look after the animals
and train them carefully.
The waiting-maid brought hers up with the greatest possible care, and
treated it almost as if it were her son. But Renzolla said: ‘I don’t
know what to think. Have I come among a lot of lunatics? Does the king
imagine that I am going to comb and feed a dog with my own hands?’ With
these words she opened the window and threw the poor little beast out,
and he fell on the ground as dead as a stone.
When a few months had passed the king sent a message to say he would
like to see how the dogs were getting on. Renzolla, who felt very
uncomfortable in her mind at this request, hurried off once more to the
fairy. This time she found an old man at the door of the fairy’s palace,
who said to her: ‘Who are you, and what do you want?’
When Renzolla heard his question she answered angrily: ‘Don’t you know
me, old Goat-beard? And how dare you address me in such a way?’
‘The pot can’t call the kettle black,’ answered the old man, ‘for it
is not I, but you who have a goat’s head. Just wait a moment, you
ungrateful wretch, and I will show you to what a pass your want of
gratitude has brought you.’
With these words he hurried away, and returned with a mirror, which he
held up before Renzolla. At the sight of her ugly, hairy face, the girl
nearly fainted with horror, and she broke into loud sobs at seeing her
countenance so changed.
Then the old man said: ‘You must remember, Renzolla, that you are a
peasant’s daughter, and that the fairy turned you into a queen; but you
were ungrateful, and never as much as thanked her for all she had done
for you. Therefore she has determined to punish you. But if you wish
to lose your long white beard, throw yourself at the fairy’s feet and
implore her to forgive you. She has a tender heart, and will, perhaps,
take pity on you.’
Renzolla, who was really sorry for her conduct, took the old man’s
advice, and the fairy not only gave her back her former face, but she
dressed her in a gold embroidered dress, presented her with a beautiful
carriage, and brought her back, accompanied by a host of servants, to
her husband. When the king saw her looking as beautiful as ever, he fell
in love with her once more, and bitterly repented having caused her so
much suffering.
So Renzolla lived happily ever afterwards, for she loved her husband,
honoured the fairy, and was grateful to the old man for having told her
the truth.
[From the Italian. Kletke.]
Story DNA
Moral
Ingratitude can lead to suffering and loss, while humility and appreciation can restore happiness and beauty.
Plot Summary
A poor peasant gives his youngest daughter, Renzolla, to a magical lizard (a fairy) in exchange for wealth. The fairy raises Renzolla in luxury, and she eventually marries a king. However, Renzolla's ingratitude towards the fairy leads to her being cursed with a goat's head. The horrified king locks her away and assigns her impossible tasks, which she only completes with the fairy's unwitting help, still without thanks. Finally, confronted by the fairy in disguise, Renzolla sees her monstrous reflection, repents her ingratitude, and is restored to her beautiful form, returning to her husband with newfound humility and appreciation.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale, likely from an Italian source (Kletke), fitting into the European tradition of fairy tales that often feature magical transformations and moral lessons.
Plot Beats (15)
- Masaniello, a poor peasant, struggles to feed his twelve daughters.
- Masaniello encounters a giant green lizard (a fairy) who demands his youngest daughter, Renzolla, in exchange for help.
- Masaniello, advised by his wife, delivers Renzolla to the fairy, who gives him a sack of gold, enabling him to marry off his other daughters and live comfortably.
- The fairy raises Renzolla in luxury in a transformed palace.
- The king, lost during a hunt, seeks shelter at the fairy's palace and falls in love with Renzolla.
- The fairy consents to the marriage and provides a large dowry for Renzolla.
- Renzolla leaves with the king without thanking the fairy, who curses her with a goat's head for her ingratitude.
- The king, horrified by Renzolla's appearance, locks her in a turret with a maid and assigns them an impossible spinning task.
- Renzolla, still ungrateful, throws her flax away but secretly seeks the fairy's help to complete the task, again without thanks.
- The king gives them a second task: to raise dogs; Renzolla, again ungrateful, throws her dog out the window.
- When the king requests to see the dogs, Renzolla goes to the fairy's palace, where she is confronted by an old man (the fairy).
- The old man shows Renzolla her reflection, revealing her goat's head, and explains it is a punishment for her ingratitude.
- Renzolla, truly remorseful, begs the fairy for forgiveness.
- The fairy restores Renzolla's beauty, dresses her richly, and sends her back to the king.
- The king, seeing Renzolla's beauty restored, repents his harshness, and they live happily ever after, with Renzolla now grateful and humble.
Characters
Masaniello
Peasant, worn out from hard work
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, patched and worn
Hardworking, worried, easily frightened
Renzolla
Youngest of twelve daughters, initially beautiful
Attire: Initially simple, later sumptuous dresses, then gold embroidered dress
Initially innocent, later spoiled and ungrateful, eventually repentant
Lizard/Fairy
Initially a huge green lizard, later a beautiful woman
Attire: As a lizard: none. As a woman: regal attire
Kind, generous, but easily offended by ingratitude
King
King
Attire: Royal hunting attire, later regal clothing
Easily infatuated, shallow, easily disgusted
Waiting-maid
Ordinary
Attire: Plain servant's dress
Obedient, diligent, caring
Old Man
Old man at the door of the fairy's palace
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned clothing
Wise, stern, truthful
Locations
Peasant's Field at Mountain Foot
A field at the base of a high mountain where Masaniello digs all day.
Mood: Desolate, impoverished
Masaniello encounters the lizard and agrees to give her his daughter.
Dark and Gloomy Cave
The mouth of a cave so dark and gloomy that even the sun seems afraid to enter it.
Mood: Eerie, ominous
The lizard emerges and makes her request for Renzolla.
Beautiful Palace (formerly a cave)
A cave transformed into a beautiful palace with sumptuous food, beautiful clothes, and a thousand servants.
Mood: Luxurious, magical
Renzolla is raised like a princess and the King first sees her.
Turret Chamber
A small room in a turret of the King's palace where Renzolla is confined.
Mood: Isolated, shameful
Renzolla is imprisoned and refuses to spin, throwing the flax out the window.
Fairy's Palace
The fairy's palace, where Renzolla seeks help and is confronted with her ungratefulness.
Mood: Magical, transformative
Renzolla sees her goat face in the mirror and begs for forgiveness.