The Goat-faced Girl

by Andrew Lang · from The Grey Fairy Book

fairy tale transformation solemn Ages 8-14 2123 words 10 min read
Cover: The Goat-faced Girl
Original Story 2123 words · 10 min read

The Goat-faced Girl

There was once upon a time a peasant called Masaniello who had twelve

daughters. They were exactly like the steps of a staircase, for there

was just a year between each sister. It was all the poor man could do to

bring up such a large family, and in order to provide food for them he

used to dig in the fields all day long. In spite of his hard work he

only just succeeded in keeping the wolf from the door, and the poor

little girls often went hungry to bed.

One day, when Masaniello was working at the foot of a high mountain, he

came upon the mouth of a cave which was so dark and gloomy that even

the sun seemed afraid to enter it. Suddenly a huge green lizard appeared

from the inside and stood before Masaniello, who nearly went out of his

mind with terror, for the beast was as big as a crocodile and quite as

fierce looking.

But the lizard sat down beside him in the most friendly manner, and

said: ‘Don’t be afraid, my good man, I am not going to hurt you; on the

contrary, I am most anxious to help you.’

When the peasant heard these words he knelt before the lizard and said:

‘Dear lady, for I know not what to call you, I am in your power; but I

beg of you to be merciful, for I have twelve wretched little daughters

at home who are dependent on me.’

‘That’s the very reason why I have come to you,’ replied the lizard.

‘Bring me your youngest daughter to-morrow morning. I promise to bring

her up as if she were my own child, and to look upon her as the apple of

my eye.’

When Masaniello heard her words he was very unhappy, because he felt

sure, from the lizard’s wanting one of his daughters, the youngest and

tenderest too, that the poor little girl would only serve as dessert for

the terrible creature’s supper. At the same time he said to himself,

‘If I refuse her request, she will certainly eat me up on the spot. If

I give her what she asks she does indeed take part of myself, but if I

refuse she will take the whole of me. What am I to do, and how in the

world am I to get out of the difficulty?’

As he kept muttering to himself the lizard said, ‘Make up your mind to

do as I tell you at once. I desire to have your youngest daughter, and

if you won’t comply with my wish, I can only say it will be the worse

for you.’

Seeing that there was nothing else to be done, Masaniello set off for

his home, and arrived there looking so white and wretched that his wife

asked him at once: ‘What has happened to you, my dear husband? Have you

quarrelled with anyone, or has the poor donkey fallen down?’

‘Neither the one nor the other,’ answered her husband,’ but something

far worse than either. A terrible lizard has nearly frightened me out

of my senses, for she threatened that if I did not give her our youngest

daughter, she would make me repent it. My head is going round like a

mill-wheel, and I don’t know what to do. I am indeed between the Devil

and the Deep Sea. You know how dearly I love Renzolla, and yet, if I

fail to bring her to the lizard to-morrow morning, I must say farewell

to life. Do advise me what to do.’

When his wife had heard all he had to say, she said to him: ‘How do you

know, my dear husband, that the lizard is really our enemy? May she not

be a friend in disguise? And your meeting with her may be the beginning

of better things and the end of all our misery. Therefore go and take

the child to her, for my heart tells me that you will never repent doing

so.’

Masaniello was much comforted by her words, and next morning as soon as

it was light he took his little daughter by the hand and led her to the

cave.

The lizard, who was awaiting the peasant’s arrival, came forward to meet

him, and taking the girl by the hand, she gave the father a sack full

of gold, and said: ‘Go and marry your other daughters, and give them

dowries with this gold, and be of good cheer, for Renzolla will have

both father and mother in me; it is a great piece of luck for her that

she has fallen into my hands.’

Masaniello, quite overcome with gratitude, thanked the lizard, and

returned home to his wife.

As soon as it was known how rich the peasant had become, suitors for the

hands of his daughters were not wanting, and very soon he married them

all off; and even then there was enough gold left to keep himself and

his wife in comfort and plenty all their days.

As soon as the lizard was left alone with Renzolla, she changed the cave

into a beautiful palace, and led the girl inside. Here she brought her

up like a little princess, and the child wanted for nothing. She gave

her sumptuous food to eat, beautiful clothes to wear, and a thousand

servants to wait on her.

Now, it happened, one day, that the king of the country was hunting in a

wood close to the palace, and was overtaken by the dark. Seeing a light

shining in the palace he sent one of his servants to ask if he could get

a night’s lodging there.

When the page knocked at the door the lizard changed herself into

a beautiful woman, and opened it herself. When she heard the king’s

request she sent him a message to say that she would be delighted to see

him, and give him all he wanted.

The king, on hearing this kind invitation, instantly betook himself

to the palace, where he was received in the most hospitable manner. A

hundred pages with torches came to meet him, a hundred more waited on

him at table, and another hundred waved big fans in the air to keep the

flies from him. Renzolla herself poured out the wine for him, and, so

gracefully did she do it, that his Majesty could not take his eyes off

her.

When the meal was finished and the table cleared, the king retired

to sleep, and Renzolla drew the shoes from his feet, at the same time

drawing his heart from his breast. So desperately had he fallen in love

with her, that he called the fairy to him, and asked her for Renzolla’s

hand in marriage. As the kind fairy had only the girl’s welfare at

heart, she willingly gave her consent, and not her consent only, but a

wedding portion of seven thousand golden guineas.

The king, full of delight over his good fortune, prepared to take his

departure, accompanied by Renzolla, who never so much as thanked the

fairy for all she had done for her. When the fairy saw such a base want

of gratitude she determined to punish the girl, and, cursing her, she

turned her face into a goat’s head. In a moment Renzolla’s pretty mouth

stretched out into a snout, with a beard a yard long at the end of it,

her cheeks sank in, and her shining plaits of hair changed into two

sharp horns. When the king turned round and saw her he thought he must

have taken leave of his senses. He burst into tears, and cried out:

‘Where is the hair that bound me so tightly, where are the eyes that

pierced through my heart, and where are the lips I kissed? Am I to be

tied to a goat all my life? No, no! nothing will induce me to become the

laughing-stock of my subjects for the sake of a goat-faced girl!’

When they reached his own country he shut Renzolla up in a little turret

chamber of his palace, with a waiting-maid, and gave each of them ten

bundles of flax to spin, telling them that their task must be finished

by the end of the week.

The maid, obedient to the king’s commands, set at once to work and

combed out the flax, wound it round the spindle, and sat spinning at her

wheel so diligently that her work was quite done by Saturday evening.

But Renzolla, who had been spoilt and petted in the fairy’s house, and

was quite unaware of the change that had taken place in her appearance,

threw the flax out of the window and said: ‘What is the king thinking

of that he should give me this work to do? If he wants shirts he can

buy them. It isn’t even as if he had picked me out of the gutter, for he

ought to remember that I brought him seven thousand golden guineas as

my wedding portion, and that I am his wife and not his slave. He must be

mad to treat me like this.’

All the same, when Saturday evening came, and she saw that the

waiting-maid had finished her task, she took fright lest she should

be punished for her idleness. So she hurried off to the palace of

the fairy, and confided all her woes to her. The fairy embraced her

tenderly, and gave her a sack full of spun flax, in order that she

might show it to the king, and let him see what a good worker she was.

Renzolla took the sack without one word of thanks, and returned to

the palace, leaving the kind fairy very indignant over her want of

gratitude.

When the king saw the flax all spun, he gave Renzolla and the

waiting-maid each a little dog, and told them to look after the animals

and train them carefully.

The waiting-maid brought hers up with the greatest possible care, and

treated it almost as if it were her son. But Renzolla said: ‘I don’t

know what to think. Have I come among a lot of lunatics? Does the king

imagine that I am going to comb and feed a dog with my own hands?’ With

these words she opened the window and threw the poor little beast out,

and he fell on the ground as dead as a stone.

When a few months had passed the king sent a message to say he would

like to see how the dogs were getting on. Renzolla, who felt very

uncomfortable in her mind at this request, hurried off once more to the

fairy. This time she found an old man at the door of the fairy’s palace,

who said to her: ‘Who are you, and what do you want?’

When Renzolla heard his question she answered angrily: ‘Don’t you know

me, old Goat-beard? And how dare you address me in such a way?’

‘The pot can’t call the kettle black,’ answered the old man, ‘for it

is not I, but you who have a goat’s head. Just wait a moment, you

ungrateful wretch, and I will show you to what a pass your want of

gratitude has brought you.’

With these words he hurried away, and returned with a mirror, which he

held up before Renzolla. At the sight of her ugly, hairy face, the girl

nearly fainted with horror, and she broke into loud sobs at seeing her

countenance so changed.

Then the old man said: ‘You must remember, Renzolla, that you are a

peasant’s daughter, and that the fairy turned you into a queen; but you

were ungrateful, and never as much as thanked her for all she had done

for you. Therefore she has determined to punish you. But if you wish

to lose your long white beard, throw yourself at the fairy’s feet and

implore her to forgive you. She has a tender heart, and will, perhaps,

take pity on you.’

Renzolla, who was really sorry for her conduct, took the old man’s

advice, and the fairy not only gave her back her former face, but she

dressed her in a gold embroidered dress, presented her with a beautiful

carriage, and brought her back, accompanied by a host of servants, to

her husband. When the king saw her looking as beautiful as ever, he fell

in love with her once more, and bitterly repented having caused her so

much suffering.

So Renzolla lived happily ever afterwards, for she loved her husband,

honoured the fairy, and was grateful to the old man for having told her

the truth.

[From the Italian. Kletke.]


Story DNA

Moral

Ingratitude can lead to suffering and loss, while humility and appreciation can restore happiness and beauty.

Plot Summary

A poor peasant gives his youngest daughter, Renzolla, to a magical lizard (a fairy) in exchange for wealth. The fairy raises Renzolla in luxury, and she eventually marries a king. However, Renzolla's ingratitude towards the fairy leads to her being cursed with a goat's head. The horrified king locks her away and assigns her impossible tasks, which she only completes with the fairy's unwitting help, still without thanks. Finally, confronted by the fairy in disguise, Renzolla sees her monstrous reflection, repents her ingratitude, and is restored to her beautiful form, returning to her husband with newfound humility and appreciation.

Themes

gratitudehumilityconsequences of actionstrue beauty

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three (tasks)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: moral justice
Magic: talking animals (lizard/fairy), transformation (cave to palace, fairy to woman/old man, Renzolla to goat-face, goat-face to human), magical provision of wealth/spun flax
the goat's head (symbol of ingratitude and pride)the sack of gold/spun flax (fairy's generosity)the mirror (self-reflection, truth)

Cultural Context

Origin: Italian
Era: timeless fairy tale

Andrew Lang collected this tale, likely from an Italian source (Kletke), fitting into the European tradition of fairy tales that often feature magical transformations and moral lessons.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. Masaniello, a poor peasant, struggles to feed his twelve daughters.
  2. Masaniello encounters a giant green lizard (a fairy) who demands his youngest daughter, Renzolla, in exchange for help.
  3. Masaniello, advised by his wife, delivers Renzolla to the fairy, who gives him a sack of gold, enabling him to marry off his other daughters and live comfortably.
  4. The fairy raises Renzolla in luxury in a transformed palace.
  5. The king, lost during a hunt, seeks shelter at the fairy's palace and falls in love with Renzolla.
  6. The fairy consents to the marriage and provides a large dowry for Renzolla.
  7. Renzolla leaves with the king without thanking the fairy, who curses her with a goat's head for her ingratitude.
  8. The king, horrified by Renzolla's appearance, locks her in a turret with a maid and assigns them an impossible spinning task.
  9. Renzolla, still ungrateful, throws her flax away but secretly seeks the fairy's help to complete the task, again without thanks.
  10. The king gives them a second task: to raise dogs; Renzolla, again ungrateful, throws her dog out the window.
  11. When the king requests to see the dogs, Renzolla goes to the fairy's palace, where she is confronted by an old man (the fairy).
  12. The old man shows Renzolla her reflection, revealing her goat's head, and explains it is a punishment for her ingratitude.
  13. Renzolla, truly remorseful, begs the fairy for forgiveness.
  14. The fairy restores Renzolla's beauty, dresses her richly, and sends her back to the king.
  15. The king, seeing Renzolla's beauty restored, repents his harshness, and they live happily ever after, with Renzolla now grateful and humble.

Characters

👤

Masaniello

human adult male

Peasant, worn out from hard work

Attire: Simple peasant clothing, patched and worn

Calloused hands holding a digging tool

Hardworking, worried, easily frightened

👤

Renzolla

human child female

Youngest of twelve daughters, initially beautiful

Attire: Initially simple, later sumptuous dresses, then gold embroidered dress

Goat's head on a human body

Initially innocent, later spoiled and ungrateful, eventually repentant

✦

Lizard/Fairy

magical creature ageless female

Initially a huge green lizard, later a beautiful woman

Attire: As a lizard: none. As a woman: regal attire

Emerald green lizard with intelligent eyes

Kind, generous, but easily offended by ingratitude

👤

King

human adult male

King

Attire: Royal hunting attire, later regal clothing

Royal crown slightly askew in shock

Easily infatuated, shallow, easily disgusted

👤

Waiting-maid

human young adult female

Ordinary

Attire: Plain servant's dress

Spinning wheel with neatly spun flax

Obedient, diligent, caring

✦

Old Man

magical creature elderly male

Old man at the door of the fairy's palace

Attire: Simple, old-fashioned clothing

Holding a mirror reflecting Renzolla's goat face

Wise, stern, truthful

Locations

Peasant's Field at Mountain Foot

outdoor

A field at the base of a high mountain where Masaniello digs all day.

Mood: Desolate, impoverished

Masaniello encounters the lizard and agrees to give her his daughter.

field high mountain digging tools

Dark and Gloomy Cave

outdoor day

The mouth of a cave so dark and gloomy that even the sun seems afraid to enter it.

Mood: Eerie, ominous

The lizard emerges and makes her request for Renzolla.

cave mouth darkness shadows

Beautiful Palace (formerly a cave)

indoor

A cave transformed into a beautiful palace with sumptuous food, beautiful clothes, and a thousand servants.

Mood: Luxurious, magical

Renzolla is raised like a princess and the King first sees her.

sumptuous food beautiful clothes servants torches fans

Turret Chamber

indoor

A small room in a turret of the King's palace where Renzolla is confined.

Mood: Isolated, shameful

Renzolla is imprisoned and refuses to spin, throwing the flax out the window.

spinning wheel bundles of flax window

Fairy's Palace

indoor

The fairy's palace, where Renzolla seeks help and is confronted with her ungratefulness.

Mood: Magical, transformative

Renzolla sees her goat face in the mirror and begs for forgiveness.

old man mirror gold embroidered dress carriage