The White Wolf

by Andrew Lang · from The Grey Fairy Book

fairy tale transformation hopeful Ages 8-14 2504 words 11 min read
Cover: The White Wolf
Original Story 2504 words · 11 min read

The White Wolf

Once upon a time there was a king who had three daughters; they were

all beautiful, but the youngest was the fairest of the three. Now

it happened that one day their father had to set out for a tour in a

distant part of his kingdom. Before he left, his youngest daughter made

him promise to bring her back a wreath of wild flowers. When the king

was ready to return to his palace, he bethought himself that he would

like to take home presents to each of his three daughters; so he went

into a jeweller’s shop and bought a beautiful necklace for the

eldest princess; then he went to a rich merchant’s and bought a dress

embroidered in gold and silver thread for the second princess, but in

none of the flower shops nor in the market could he find the wreath of

wild flowers that his youngest daughter had set her heart on. So he

had to set out on his homeward way without it. Now his journey led him

through a thick forest. While he was still about four miles distant

from his palace, he noticed a white wolf squatting on the roadside, and,

behold! on the head of the wolf, there was a wreath of wild flowers.

Then the king called to the coachman, and ordered him to get down from

his seat and fetch him the wreath from the wolf’s head. But the wolf

heard the order and said: ‘My lord and king, I will let you have the

wreath, but I must have something in return.’

‘What do you want?’ answered the king. ‘I will gladly give you rich

treasure in exchange for it.’

‘I do not want rich treasure,’ replied the wolf. ‘Only promise to give

me the first thing that meets you on your way to your castle. In three

days I shall come and fetch it.’

And the king thought to himself: ‘I am still a good long way from home,

I am sure to meet a wild animal or a bird on the road, it will be quite

safe to promise.’ So he consented, and carried the wreath away with him.

But all along the road he met no living creature till he turned into

the palace gates, where his youngest daughter was waiting to welcome him

home.

That evening the king was very sad, remembering his promise; and when

he told the queen what had happened, she too shed bitter tears. And the

youngest princess asked them why they both looked so sad, and why they

wept. Then her father told her what a price he would have to pay for the

wreath of wild flowers he had brought home to her, for in three days a

white wolf would come and claim her and carry her away, and they would

never see her again. But the queen thought and thought, and at last she

hit upon a plan.

There was in the palace a servant maid the same age and the same height

as the princess, and the queen dressed her up in a beautiful dress

belonging to her daughter, and determined to give her to the white wolf,

who would never know the difference.

On the third day the wolf strode into the palace yard and up the great

stairs, to the room where the king and queen were seated.

‘I have come to claim your promise,’ he said. ‘Give me your youngest

daughter.’

Then they led the servant maid up to him, and he said to her: ‘You must

mount on my back, and I will take you to my castle.’ And with these

words he swung her on to his back and left the palace.

When they reached the place where he had met the king and given him the

wreath of wild flowers, he stopped, and told her to dismount that they

might rest a little.

So they sat down by the roadside.

‘I wonder,’ said the wolf, ‘what your father would do if this forest

belonged to him?’

And the girl answered: ‘My father is a poor man, so he would cut down

the trees, and saw them into planks, and he would sell the planks, and

we should never be poor again; but would always have enough to eat.’

Then the wolf knew that he had not got the real princess, and he swung

the servant-maid on to his back and carried her to the castle. And he

strode angrily into the king’s chamber, and spoke.

‘Give me the real princess at once. If you deceive me again I will cause

such a storm to burst over your palace that the walls will fall in, and

you will all be buried in the ruins.’

Then the king and the queen wept, but they saw there was no escape.

So they sent for their youngest daughter, and the king said to her:

‘Dearest child, you must go with the white wolf, for I promised you to

him, and I must keep my word.’

So the princess got ready to leave her home; but first she went to her

room to fetch her wreath of wild flowers, which she took with her. Then

the white wolf swung her on his back and bore her away. But when they

came to the place where he had rested with the servant-maid, he told her

to dismount that they might rest for a little at the roadside. Then

he turned to her and said: ‘I wonder what your father would do if this

forest belonged to him?’

And the princess answered: ‘My father would cut down the trees and turn

it into a beautiful park and gardens, and he and his courtiers would

come and wander among the glades in the summer time.’

‘This is the real princess,’ said the wolf to himself. But aloud he

said: ‘Mount once more on my back, and I will bear you to my castle.’

And when she was seated on his back he set out through the woods, and

he ran, and ran, and ran, till at last he stopped in front of a stately

courtyard, with massive gates.

‘This is a beautiful castle,’ said the princess, as the gates swung back

and she stepped inside. ‘If only I were not so far away from my father

and my mother!’

But the wolf answered: ‘At the end of a year we will pay a visit to your

father and mother.’

And at these words the white furry skin slipped from his back, and the

princess saw that he was not a wolf at all, but a beautiful youth, tall

and stately; and he gave her his hand, and led her up the castle stairs.

One day, at the end of half a year, he came into her room and said: ‘My

dear one, you must get ready for a wedding. Your eldest sister is going

to be married, and I will take you to your father’s palace. When the

wedding is over, I shall come and fetch you home. I will whistle outside

the gate, and when you hear me, pay no heed to what your father or

mother say, leave your dancing and feasting, and come to me at once; for

if I have to leave without you, you will never find your way back alone

through the forests.’

When the princess was ready to start, she found that he had put on his

white fur skin, and was changed back into the wolf; and he swung her on

to his back, and set out with her to her father’s palace, where he left

her, while he himself returned home alone. But, in the evening, he went

back to fetch her, and, standing outside the palace gate, he gave a

long, loud whistle. In the midst of her dancing the princess heard the

sound, and at once she went to him, and he swung her on his back and

bore her away to his castle.

Again, at the end of half a year, the prince came into her room, as the

white wolf, and said: ‘Dear heart, you must prepare for the wedding of

your second sister. I will take you to your father’s palace to-day, and

we will remain there together till to-morrow morning.’

So they went together to the wedding. In the evening, when the two were

alone together, he dropped his fur skin, and, ceasing to be a wolf,

became a prince again. Now they did not know that the princess’s mother

was hidden in the room. When she saw the white skin lying on the floor,

she crept out of the room, and sent a servant to fetch the skin and

to burn it in the kitchen fire. The moment the flames touched the skin

there was a fearful clap of thunder heard, and the prince disappeared

out of the palace gate in a whirlwind, and returned to his palace alone.

But the princess was heart-broken, and spent the night weeping bitterly.

Next morning she set out to find her way back to the castle, but she

wandered through the woods and forests, and she could find no path or

track to guide her. For fourteen days she roamed in the forest, sleeping

under the trees, and living upon wild berries and roots, and at last she

reached a little house. She opened the door and went in, and found the

wind seated in the room all by himself, and she spoke to the wind and

said: ‘Wind, have you seen the white wolf?’

And the wind answered: ‘All day and all night I have been blowing round

the world, and I have only just come home; but I have not seen him.’

But he gave her a pair of shoes, in which, he told her, she would be

able to walk a hundred miles with every step. Then she walked through

the air till she reached a star, and she said: ‘Tell me, star, have you

seen the white wolf?’

And the star answered: ‘I have been shining all night, and I have not

seen him.’

But the star gave her a pair of shoes, and told her that if she put them

on she would be able to walk two hundred miles at a stride. So she drew

them on, and she walked to the moon, and she said: ‘Dear moon, have you

not seen the white wolf?’

But the moon answered, ‘All night long I have been sailing through the

heavens, and I have only just come home; but I did not see him.’

But he gave her a pair of shoes, in which she would be able to cover

four hundred miles with every stride. So she went to the sun, and said:

‘Dear sun, have you seen the white wolf?’

And the sun answered, ‘Yes, I have seen him, and he has chosen another

bride, for he thought you had left him, and would never return, and he

is preparing for the wedding. But I will help you. Here are a pair of

shoes. If you put these on you will be able to walk on glass or ice, and

to climb the steepest places. And here is a spinning-wheel, with which

you will be able to spin moss into silk. When you leave me you will

reach a glass mountain. Put on the shoes that I have given you and with

them you will be able to climb it quite easily. At the summit you will

find the palace of the white wolf.’

Then the princess set out, and before long she reached the glass

mountain, and at the summit she found the white wolf’s palace, as the

sun had said.

But no one recognised her, as she had disguised herself as an old woman,

and had wound a shawl round her head. Great preparations were going on

in the palace for the wedding, which was to take place next day.

Then the princess, still disguised as an old woman, took out her

spinning-wheel, and began to spin moss into silk. And as she spun the

new bride passed by, and seeing the moss turn into silk, she said to

the old woman: ‘Little mother, I wish you would give me that

spinning-wheel.’

And the princess answered, ‘I will give it to you if you will allow me

to sleep to-night on the mat outside the prince’s door.’

And the bride replied, ‘Yes, you may sleep on the mat outside the door.’

So the princess gave her the spinning-wheel. And that night, winding the

shawl all round her, so that no one could recognise her, she lay down on

the mat outside the white wolf’s door. And when everyone in the palace

was asleep she began to tell the whole of her story. She told how she

had been one of three sisters, and that she had been the youngest and

the fairest of the three, and that her father had betrothed her to a

white wolf. And she told how she had gone first to the wedding of one

sister, and then with her husband to the wedding of the other sister,

and how her mother had ordered the servant to throw the white fur skin

into the kitchen fire. And then she told of her wanderings through the

forest; and of how she had sought the white wolf weeping; and how the

wind and star and moon and sun had befriended her, and had helped her to

reach his palace. And when the white wolf heard all the story, he knew

that it was his first wife, who had sought him, and had found him, after

such great dangers and difficulties.

But he said nothing, for he waited till the next day, when many

guests--kings and princes from far countries--were coming to his

wedding. Then, when all the guests were assembled in the banqueting

hall, he spoke to them and said: ‘Hearken to me, ye kings and princes,

for I have something to tell you. I had lost the key of my treasure

casket, so I ordered a new one to be made; but I have since found the

old one. Now, which of these keys is the better?’

Then all the kings and royal guests answered: ‘Certainly the old key is

better than the new one.’

‘Then,’ said the wolf, ‘if that is so, my former bride is better than my

new one.’

And he sent for the new bride, and he gave her in marriage to one of

the princes who was present, and then he turned to his guests, and said:

‘And here is my former bride’--and the beautiful princess was led

into the room and seated beside him on his throne. ‘I thought she had

forgotten me, and that she would never return. But she has sought

me everywhere, and now we are together once more we shall never part

again.’


Story DNA

Moral

True love and loyalty will overcome all obstacles and deceptions.

Plot Summary

A king promises his youngest daughter to a white wolf in exchange for a wreath. After a failed attempt to deceive the wolf, the princess goes with him, discovering he is an enchanted prince. Her mother later burns his wolf skin, causing him to disappear. The princess embarks on a long, arduous quest, aided by personified natural elements, to find him. She eventually reaches his palace, where he is about to marry another. Disguised, she reveals her identity through her story, and the prince chooses her, reuniting them forever.

Themes

loyalty and perseverancedeception and truthlove and sacrificefate vs. free will

Emotional Arc

innocence to suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, personification of natural elements

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person (king/queen vs wolf, princess vs mother, princess vs new bride), person vs supernatural (princess vs enchanted prince's fate), person vs self (princess's perseverance)
Ending: happy
Magic: talking animals (wolf), animal transformation (wolf to prince), magical objects (wreath, shoes with enhanced speed, spinning wheel that spins moss into silk), personified natural forces (Wind, Star, Moon, Sun), glass mountain
the white wolf (enchanted prince, wildness, mystery)the wreath of wild flowers (innocence, the catalyst for the promise)the burning of the wolf skin (breaking of a magical bond, a destructive act)the magical shoes (perseverance, aid on a difficult journey)the spinning wheel (transformation, skill, a means to an end)the glass mountain (an insurmountable obstacle overcome by magic/will)

Cultural Context

Origin: German (similar to 'The White Bride and the Black Bride' or 'The Six Swans')
Era: timeless fairy tale

Fairy tales often reflected societal norms of the time, including the power of kings and the limited agency of women, while also exploring themes of loyalty and perseverance against adversity.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. A king promises his youngest daughter a wreath of wild flowers.
  2. The king encounters a white wolf with the desired wreath and promises the first living thing he meets at home in exchange for it.
  3. The king's youngest daughter is the first to greet him, fulfilling the promise.
  4. The queen attempts to deceive the wolf by sending a servant girl in the princess's place.
  5. The wolf discovers the deception by asking the servant girl about her father's actions with a forest, and returns her, threatening the king.
  6. The true princess is given to the wolf, who takes her to his castle and reveals himself as a prince.
  7. The prince, in wolf form, takes the princess to her eldest sister's wedding, instructing her to return to him when he whistles.
  8. The prince, in wolf form, takes the princess to her second sister's wedding, where he transforms back into a prince in her room.
  9. The princess's mother discovers the wolf skin and burns it, causing the prince to disappear in a whirlwind.
  10. The heartbroken princess embarks on a quest to find the prince, seeking help from the Wind, Star, and Moon, who give her magical shoes but haven't seen him.
  11. The Sun reveals the prince is preparing to marry another, gives the princess special shoes and a spinning wheel, and directs her to his glass mountain palace.
  12. Disguised as an old woman, the princess reaches the prince's palace and trades her magical spinning wheel to the new bride for a night's sleep outside the prince's door.
  13. Outside the prince's door, the princess recounts her entire journey and suffering, which the prince overhears.
  14. At the wedding feast, the prince uses a riddle about an old key and a new key to reveal his choice of his original bride.
  15. The prince reunites with the princess, sends the new bride away with another prince, and they promise to never part again.

Characters

👤

King

human adult male

No specific details given

Attire: Royal attire, including a crown, robes, and possibly jewelry

His crown, symbolizing his royal authority

Obliging, somewhat weak-willed, values his daughters

👤

Youngest Princess

human young adult female

Fairest of the three sisters

Attire: Elegant gowns befitting a princess, later disguised as an old woman with a shawl

The wreath of wildflowers

Determined, resourceful, loving

✦

White Wolf / Prince

magical creature young adult male

Tall and stately as a prince; white fur as a wolf

Attire: As a wolf: white fur. As a prince: fine clothing, possibly with princely regalia

The white wolf fur

Honorable, kind, initially lonely

👤

Queen

human adult female

No specific details given

Attire: Royal gowns and jewelry

Her royal headdress or crown

Protective, resourceful, meddling

👤

Servant Maid

human young adult female

Same age and height as the princess

Attire: Servant's attire, then dressed in the princess's gown

The princess's gown on a plain girl

Simple, easily deceived

👤

New Bride

human young adult female

No specific details given

Attire: Wedding dress

Her wedding dress

Unknowing, passive

✦

Sun

celestial body ageless unknown

Bright and radiant

Blazing sun

Helpful, wise

Locations

Thick Forest Roadside

outdoor

A dense forest with a roadside where a white wolf is squatting. The road leads to the king's palace, about four miles away.

Mood: Mysterious, fateful

The king first encounters the white wolf and makes the fateful promise.

white wolf wreath of wild flowers road trees

Royal Palace

indoor

A grand palace with gates, a palace yard, great stairs, and a king's chamber. There are rooms for the king, queen, and princesses.

Mood: Formal, anxious

The white wolf comes to claim the princess, and the servant maid is offered in her place.

gates stairs king and queen servant maid

White Wolf's Castle Courtyard

transitional

A stately courtyard with massive gates leading into the white wolf's castle.

Mood: Magical, isolated

The princess arrives at the castle and the white wolf transforms into a prince.

massive gates stately courtyard castle stairs

Glass Mountain Summit

outdoor

A steep glass mountain with the white wolf's palace at the summit.

Mood: Treacherous, magical

The princess, disguised as an old woman, reaches the palace and begins to spin moss into silk.

glass mountain white wolf's palace spinning wheel

White Wolf's Palace Banqueting Hall

indoor day

A grand banqueting hall filled with kings and princes from far countries.

Mood: Festive, tense

The white wolf reveals the princess and declares her his true bride.

kings princes throne treasure casket