The Brown Bear of Norway
by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book
Original Story
THE BROWN BEAR OF NORWAY
THERE was once a king in Ireland, and he had three daughters, and very
nice princesses they were. And one day, when they and their father were
walking on the lawn, the king began to joke with them, and to ask them
whom they would like to be married to. 'I'll have the king of Ulster for
a husband,' says one; 'and I'll have the king of Munster,' says another;
'and,' says the youngest, 'I'll have no husband but the Brown Bear of
Norway.' For a nurse of hers used to be telling her of an enchanted
prince that she called by that name, and she fell in love with him, and
his name was the first name on her tongue, for the very night before she
was dreaming of him. Well, one laughed, and another laughed, and they
joked with the princess all the rest of the evening. But that very night
she woke up out of her sleep in a great hall that was lighted up with a
thousand lamps; the richest carpets were on the floor, and the walls
were covered with cloth of gold and silver, and the place was full of
grand company, and the very beautiful prince she saw in her dreams was
there, and it wasn't a moment till he was on one knee before her, and
telling her how much he loved her, and asking her wouldn't she be his
queen. Well, she hadn't the heart to refuse him, and married they were
in the same evening.
'Now, my darling,' says he, when they were left by themselves, 'you must
know that I am under enchantment. A sorceress, that had a beautiful
daughter, wished me for her son-in-law; but the mother got power over
me, and when I refused to wed her daughter she made me take the form of
a bear by day, and I was to continue so till a lady would marry me of
her own free will, and endure five years of great trials after.'
Well, when the princess woke in the morning, she missed her husband from
her side, and spent the day very sadly. But as soon as the lamps were
lighted in the grand hall, where she was sitting on a sofa covered with
silk, the folding doors flew open, and he was sitting by her side the
next minute. So they spent another happy evening, but he warned her that
whenever she began to tire of him, or ceased to have faith in him, they
would be parted for ever, and he'd be obliged to marry the witch's
daughter.
She got used to find him absent by day, and they spent a happy
twelvemonth together, and at last a beautiful little boy was born; and
happy as she was before, she was twice as happy now, for she had her
child to keep her company in the day when she couldn't see her husband.
At last, one evening, when herself, and himself, and her child were
sitting with a window open because it was a sultry night, in flew an
eagle, took the infant's sash in his beak, and flew up in the air with
him. She screamed, and was going to throw herself out through the window
after him, but the prince caught her, and looked at her very seriously.
She bethought of what he said soon after their marriage, and she stopped
the cries and complaints that were on her tongue. She spent her days
very lonely for another twelvemonth, when a beautiful little girl was
sent to her. Then she thought to herself she'd have a sharp eye about
her this time; so she never would allow a window to be more than a few
inches open.
But all her care was in vain. Another evening, when they were all so
happy, and the prince dandling the baby, a beautiful greyhound stood
before them, took the child out of the father's hand, and was out of the
door before you could wink. This time she shouted and ran out of the
room, but there were some of the servants in the next room, and all
declared that neither child nor dog passed out. She felt, somehow, as if
it was her husband's fault, but still she kept command over herself, and
didn't once reproach him.
When the third child was born she would hardly allow a window or a door
to be left open for a moment; but she wasn't the nearer to keep the
child to herself. They were sitting one evening by the fire, when a lady
appeared standing by them. The princess opened her eyes in a great
fright and stared at her, and while she was doing so, the lady wrapped a
shawl round the baby that was sitting in its father's lap, and either
sank through the ground with it or went up through the wide chimney.
This time the mother kept her bed for a month.
'My dear,' said she to her husband, when she was beginning to recover,
'I think I'd feel better if I was to see my father and mother and
sisters once more. If you give me leave to go home for a few days, I'd
be glad.' 'Very well,' said he, 'I will do that, and whenever you feel
inclined to return, only mention your wish when you lie down at night.'
The next morning when she awoke she found herself in her own old chamber
in her father's palace. She rang the bell, and in a short time she had
her mother and father and married sisters about her, and they laughed
till they cried for joy at finding her safe back again.
[Illustration: The Princess loses her first Baby]
In time she told them all that happened to her, and they didn't know
what to advise her to do. She was as fond of her husband as ever, and
said she was sure that he couldn't help letting the children go; but
still she was afraid beyond the world to have another child torn from
her. Well, the mother and sisters consulted a wise woman that used to
bring eggs to the castle, for they had great faith in her wisdom. She
said the only plan was to secure the bear's skin that the prince was
obliged to put on every morning, and get it burned, and then he couldn't
help being a man night and day, and the enchantment would be at an end.
So they all persuaded her to do that, and she promised she would; and
after eight days she felt so great a longing to see her husband again
that she made the wish the same night, and when she woke three hours
after, she was in her husband's palace, and he himself was watching over
her. There was great joy on both sides, and they were happy for many
days.
Now she began to think how she never minded her husband leaving her in
the morning, and how she never found him neglecting to give her a sweet
drink out of a gold cup just as she was going to bed.
One night she contrived not to drink any of it, though she pretended to
do so; and she was wakeful enough in the morning, and saw her husband
passing out through a panel in the wainscot, though she kept her eyelids
nearly closed. The next night she got a few drops of the sleepy posset
that she saved the evening before put into her husband's night drink,
and that made him sleep sound enough. She got up after midnight, passed
through the panel, and found a beautiful brown bear's hide hanging in
the corner. Then she stole back, and went down to the parlour fire, and
put the hide into the middle of it till it was all fine ashes. She then
lay down by her husband, gave him a kiss on the cheek, and fell asleep.
If she was to live a hundred years she'd never forget how she wakened
next morning, and found her husband looking down on her with misery and
anger in his face. 'Unhappy woman,' said he, 'you have separated us for
ever! Why hadn't you patience for five years? I am now obliged, whether
I like or no, to go a three days' journey to the witch's castle, and
marry her daughter. The skin that was my guard you have burned it, and
the egg-wife that gave you the counsel was the witch herself. I won't
reproach you: your punishment will be severe enough without it. Farewell
for ever!'
He kissed her for the last time, and was off the next minute, walking as
fast as he could. She shouted after him, and then seeing there was no
use, she dressed herself and pursued him. He never stopped, nor stayed,
nor looked back, and still she kept him in sight; and when he was on the
hill she was in the hollow, and when he was in the hollow she was on the
hill. Her life was almost leaving her, when, just as the sun was
setting, he turned up a lane, and went into a little house. She crawled
up after him, and when she got inside there was a beautiful little boy
on his knees, and he kissing and hugging him. 'Here, my poor darling,'
says he, 'is your eldest child, and there,' says he, pointing to a woman
that was looking on with a smile on her face, 'is the eagle that carried
him away.' She forgot all her sorrows in a moment, hugging her child,
and laughing and crying over him. The woman washed their feet, and
rubbed them with an ointment that took all the soreness out of their
bones, and made them as fresh as a daisy. Next morning, just before
sunrise, he was up, and prepared to be off. 'Here,' said he to her, 'is
a thing which may be of use to you. It's a scissors, and whatever stuff
you cut with it will be turned into silk. The moment the sun rises, I'll
lose all memory of yourself and the children, but I'll get it at sunset
again. Farewell!' But he wasn't far gone till she was in sight of him
again, leaving her boy behind. It was the same to-day as yesterday:
their shadows went before them in the morning and followed them in the
evening. He never stopped, and she never stopped, and as the sun was
setting he turned up another lane, and there they found their little
daughter. It was all joy and comfort again till morning, and then the
third day's journey commenced.
But before he started he gave her a comb, and told her that whenever she
used it, pearls and diamonds would fall from her hair. Still he had his
memory from sunset to sunrise; but from sunrise to sunset he travelled
on under the charm, and never threw his eye behind. This night they came
to where the youngest baby was, and the next morning, just before
sunrise, the prince spoke to her for the last time. 'Here, my poor
wife,' said he, 'is a little hand-reel, with gold thread that has no
end, and the half of our marriage ring. If you ever get to my house, and
put your half-ring to mine, I shall recollect you. There is a wood
yonder, and the moment I enter it I will forget everything that ever
happened between us, just as if I was born yesterday. Farewell, dear
wife and child, for ever!' Just then the sun rose, and away he walked
towards the wood. She saw it open before him, and close after him, and
when she came up, she could no more get in than she could break through
a stone wall. She wrung her hands and shed tears, but then she
recollected herself, and cried out, 'Wood, I charge you by my three
magic gifts, the scissors, the comb, and the reel--to let me through';
and it opened, and she went along a walk till she came in sight of a
palace, and a lawn, and a woodman's cottage on the edge of the wood
where it came nearest the palace.
She went into this lodge, and asked the woodman and his wife to take her
into their service. They were not willing at first; but she told them
she would ask no wages, and would give them diamonds, and pearls, and
silk stuffs, and gold thread whenever they wished for them, and then
they agreed to let her stay.
It wasn't long till she heard how a young prince, that was just arrived,
was living in the palace of the young mistress. He seldom stirred
abroad, and every one that saw him remarked how silent and sorrowful he
went about, like a person that was searching for some lost thing.
The servants and conceited folk at the big house began to take notice of
the beautiful young woman at the lodge, and to annoy her with their
impudence. The head footman was the most troublesome, and at last she
invited him to come and take tea with her. Oh, how rejoiced he was,
and how he bragged of it in the servants' hall! Well, the evening came,
and the footman walked into the lodge, and was shown to her
sitting-room; for the lodge-keeper and his wife stood in great awe of
her, and gave her two nice rooms for herself. Well, he sat down as stiff
as a ramrod, and was talking in a grand style about the great doings at
the castle, while she was getting the tea and toast ready. 'Oh,' says
she to him, 'would you put your hand out at the window and cut me off a
sprig or two of honeysuckle? He got up in great glee, and put out his
hand and head; and said she, 'By the virtue of my magic gifts, let a
pair of horns spring out of your head, and sing to the lodge.' Just as
she wished, so it was. They sprung from the front of each ear, and met
at the back. Oh, the poor wretch! And how he bawled and roared! and the
servants that he used to be boasting to were soon flocking from the
castle, and grinning and huzzaing, and beating tunes on tongs and
shovels and pans; and he cursing and swearing, and the eyes ready to
start out of his head, and he so black in the face, and kicking out his
legs behind like mad.
At last she pitied him, and removed the charm, and the horns dropped
down on the ground, and he would have killed her on the spot, only he
was as weak as water, and his fellow-servants came in and carried him
up to the big house.
Well, some way or other the story came to the ears of the prince, and he
strolled down that way. She had only the dress of a countrywoman on her
as she sat sewing at the window, but that did not hide her beauty, and
he was greatly puzzled after he had a good look, just as a body is
puzzled to know whether something happened to him when he was young or
if he only dreamed it. Well, the witch's daughter heard about it too,
and she came to see the strange girl; and what did she find her doing
but cutting out the pattern of a gown from brown paper; and as she cut
away, the paper became the richest silk she ever saw. The witch's
daughter looked on with greedy eyes, and, says she, 'What would you be
satisfied to take for that scissors?' 'I'll take nothing,' says she,
'but leave to spend one night outside the prince's chamber.' Well, the
proud lady fired up, and was going to say something dreadful; but the
scissors kept on cutting, and the silk growing richer and richer every
inch. So she promised what the girl had asked her.
When the night came on she was let into the palace and lay down till the
prince was in such a dead sleep that all she did couldn't awake him. She
sung this verse to him, sighing and sobbing, and kept singing it the
night long, and it was all in vain:
Four long years I was married to thee;
Three sweet babes I bore to thee;
Brown Bear of Norway, won't you turn to me?
At the first dawn the proud lady was in the chamber, and led her away,
and the footman of the horns put out his tongue at her as she was
quitting the palace.
So there was no luck so far; but the next day the prince passed by again
and looked at her, and saluted her kindly, as a prince might a farmer's
daughter, and passed on; and soon the witch's daughter passed by, and
found her combing her hair, and pearls and diamonds dropping from it.
Well, another bargain was made, and the princess spent another night of
sorrow, and she left the castle at daybreak, and the footman was at his
post and enjoyed his revenge.
The third day the prince went by, and stopped to talk with the strange
woman. He asked her could he do anything to serve her, and she said he
might. She asked him did he ever wake at night. He said that he often
did, but that during the last two nights he was listening to a sweet
song in his dreams, and could not wake, and that the voice was one that
he must have known and loved in some other world long ago. Says she,
'Did you drink any sleepy posset either of these evenings before you
went to bed?' 'I did,' said he. 'The two evenings my wife gave me
something to drink, but I don't know whether it was a sleepy posset or
not.' 'Well, prince,' said she, 'as you say you would wish to oblige me,
you can do it by not tasting any drink to-night.' 'I will not,' says he,
and then he went on his walk.
Well, the great lady came soon after the prince, and found the stranger
using her hand-reel and winding thread of gold off it, and the third
bargain was made.
That evening the prince was lying on his bed at twilight, and his mind
much disturbed; and the door opened, and in his princess walked, and
down she sat by his bedside and sung:
Four long years I was married to thee;
Three sweet babes I bore to thee;
Brown Bear of Norway, won't you turn to me?
[Illustration:
Four long years I was married to thee
Three sweet babes I bore to thee
Brown Bear of Norway--won't you turn to me?]
'Brown Bear of Norway!' said he. 'I don't understand you.' 'Don't you
remember, prince, that I was your wedded wife for four years?' 'I do
not,' said he, 'but I'm sure I wish it was so.' 'Don't you remember
our three babes, that are still alive?' 'Show me them. My mind is all a
heap of confusion.' 'Look for the half of our marriage ring, that hangs
at your neck, and fit it to this.' He did so, and the same moment the
charm was broken. His full memory came back on him, and he flung his
arms round his wife's neck, and both burst into tears.
Well, there was a great cry outside, and the castle walls were heard
splitting and cracking. Everyone in the castle was alarmed, and made
their way out. The prince and princess went with the rest, and by the
time all were safe on the lawn, down came the building, and made the
ground tremble for miles round. No one ever saw the witch and her
daughter afterwards. It was not long till the prince and princess had
their children with them, and then they set out for their own palace.
The kings of Ireland, and of Munster, and Ulster, and their wives, soon
came to visit them, and may everyone that deserves it be as happy as the
Brown Bear of Norway and his family.
From 'West Highland Tales.'
Story DNA
Moral
Patience and unwavering faith are essential to overcome trials and achieve lasting happiness, while impatience can lead to greater suffering.
Plot Summary
A princess marries an enchanted prince, cursed to be a bear by day. She endures the mysterious loss of their three children, but then, advised by the witch in disguise, she burns his bear skin, prematurely breaking the spell and forcing him to marry the witch's daughter, losing his memory. The princess embarks on a long quest, using three magic gifts to reach his castle and, over three nights, sings to him until he regains his memory. The witch's power is destroyed, and the family is reunited, living happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence to suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale is a variant of the 'Animal Bridegroom' or 'Cupid and Psyche' type, common across many European cultures. The specific details like the 'egg-wife' and the conversational tone reflect a folk storytelling tradition.
Plot Beats (14)
- A king's youngest daughter declares she will marry the Brown Bear of Norway.
- She is magically transported to a grand hall and marries an enchanted prince, who is a bear by day due to a witch's curse.
- The prince warns her that if she loses faith, they will be parted and he'll marry the witch's daughter.
- Over three years, three children are born to them, but each is mysteriously taken away by magical creatures, testing the princess's endurance.
- The princess visits her family, who consult a 'wise woman' (the witch) who advises burning the bear skin to break the enchantment.
- The princess burns the bear skin, but this prematurely breaks the enchantment, forcing the prince to go to the witch's castle to marry her daughter, and he forgets his wife.
- The princess pursues him on a long, difficult journey, receiving three magic gifts (scissors, comb, reel) from an old woman.
- She uses the gifts to gain entry to the wood leading to the prince's castle and finds work at a woodman's lodge.
- She uses her magic scissors to create rich silk, bargaining with the witch's daughter for a night outside the prince's chamber.
- She sings her mournful song to the sleeping prince for two nights, but he is drugged and does not wake.
- On the third night, she uses her magic reel to create gold thread, bargaining for a third night, and the prince avoids the sleeping potion.
- The prince wakes, hears her song, and though confused, recognizes her love and the half-ring she shows him, breaking the spell.
- The witch's castle collapses, the witch and her daughter disappear, and the prince and princess are reunited with their children.
- They return to their own palace and live happily ever after, visited by her family.
Characters
Princess of Ireland
Beautiful
Attire: Royal gowns of silk and velvet, jewels, later disguises as a countrywoman (peasant dress)
Faithful, patient, resourceful
Brown Bear of Norway
By day, a large brown bear; by night, a handsome prince
Attire: As a prince: rich velvet robes, gold chains, signet rings; as a bear: only his brown fur
Charming, loving, cursed
Sorceress
Implied to be physically imposing and intimidating
Attire: Dark, flowing robes, possibly adorned with magical symbols
Vengeful, manipulative, power-hungry
Witch's Daughter
Beautiful, but with a greedy, envious look
Attire: Rich, fashionable gowns, jewels, attempting to imitate royalty
Envious, spoiled, easily tricked
King of Ireland
Royal bearing
Attire: Royal robes, crown
Jovial, loving father
Locations
King of Ireland's Lawn
A grassy lawn outside the King's castle where the princesses are joking with their father.
Mood: Lighthearted, familial
The youngest princess declares she will marry the Brown Bear of Norway.
Enchanted Hall
A grand hall lit by a thousand lamps, with rich carpets, walls covered in cloth of gold and silver, and filled with grand company.
Mood: Magical, opulent, romantic
The princess wakes up here and marries the Brown Bear of Norway.
Princess's Chamber in her Father's Palace
Her old room in her father's palace.
Mood: Familiar, comforting, nostalgic
The princess wakes up here after wishing to see her family and is persuaded to burn the bear skin.
Witch's Castle
A castle where the witch and her daughter live, and where the prince is held under enchantment.
Mood: Eerie, tense, magical
The princess works as a servant here and eventually breaks the enchantment on the prince.
Lawn outside the Witch's Castle
The lawn outside the witch's castle where everyone flees when the castle collapses.
Mood: Chaotic, relieved, transformative
The witch's castle collapses, breaking the enchantment and freeing the prince.