The Brownie of the Lake
by Andrew Lang

Barbaik and the Brownie
Once, there was a girl named Barbaik. She liked pretty dresses and dancing. She did not like a man named Jegu. He worked on her father's farm. Jegu was not handsome. Barbaik did not want to play with him. Barbaik loved to wear nice clothes. She danced in the fields. Jegu worked each day. He fed the animals. He was always kind.
One day, Jegu took horses to a lake. A little voice called his name. It was a brownie, a magic little man. He was green like a frog. The brownie said, "You helped me once. Now I will help you. You want to marry Barbaik. I will make her like you." The brownie had big eyes. He smiled a small smile.
The brownie did magic. Each morning, Barbaik's work was done. The barn was clean. The cows were happy. Barbaik thought Jegu did all the work. She thought, "Jegu is helpful. I will marry him." So Barbaik married Jegu. The barn was very clean. The milk was always ready. Barbaik was pleased.
After the wedding, the brownie showed himself. He laughed and said, "I did the work. Now you must work, Barbaik." Barbaik was very upset. She had to get up early. She had to milk the cows. She was grumpy. Barbaik cried a little. She did not like to work.
Barbaik wanted to go to a party. She asked the brownie for a horse. The brownie gave her a black horse. But the horse had no tail! People looked and laughed. Barbaik felt silly. She wanted to trick the brownie. The horse was fast. But it looked funny. Barbaik was embarrassed.
The brownie asked for a barn party. He wanted to bring his friends, the dwarfs. Jegu said yes. Barbaik made food for them. But she put hard stones on their seats. The dwarfs came to eat and dance. They sat down and jumped up. "Ouch!" they cried. The dwarfs were very sad. They left the barn. They said, "We will not help again." The dwarfs wore little hats. They sang songs. But the stones hurt them.
The dwarfs went away for good. There was no more magic. Jegu and Barbaik did all the work. Life was hard. Jegu was poor and sad. Barbaik worked each day at the market. They had no help. The farm was quiet. Jegu and Barbaik were tired.
The moral is: Being kind and working hard is better than being lazy and mean.
Original Story
_THE BROWNIE OF THE LAKE_ ONCE upon a time there lived in France a man whose name was Jalm Riou. You might have walked a whole day without meeting any one happier or more contented, for he had a large farm, plenty of money, and, above all, a daughter called Barbaïk, the most graceful dancer and the best-dressed girl in the whole country side. When she appeared on holidays in her embroidered cap, five petticoats, each one a little shorter than the other, and shoes with silver buckles, the women were all filled with envy, but little cared Barbaïk what they might whisper behind her back as long as she knew that her clothes were finer than any one else's and that she had more partners than any other girl. Now amongst all the young men who wanted to marry Barbaïk, the one whose heart was most set on her was her father's head man, but as his manners were rough and he was exceedingly ugly she would have nothing to say to him, and, what was worse, often made fun of him with the rest. Jégu, for that was his name, of course heard of this, and it made him very unhappy. Still, he would not leave the farm, and look for work elsewhere, as he might have done, for then he would never see Barbaïk at all, and what was life worth to him without that? * * * * * One evening he was bringing back his horses from the fields, and stopped at a little lake on the way home to let them drink. He was tired with a long day's work, and stood with his hand on the mane of one of the animals, waiting till they had done, and thinking all the while of Barbaïk, when a voice came out of the gorse close by. 'What is the matter, Jégu? You mustn't despair yet.' The young man glanced up in surprise, and asked who was there. 'It is I, the brownie of the lake,' replied the voice. 'But where _are_ you?' inquired Jégu. 'Look close, and you will see me among the reeds in the form of a little green frog. I can take,' he added proudly, 'any shape I choose, and even, which is much harder, be invisible if I want to.' 'Then show yourself to me in the shape in which your family generally appear,' replied Jégu. 'Certainly, if you wish,' and the frog jumped on the back of one of the horses, and changed into a little dwarf, all dressed green. This transformation rather frightened Jégu, but the brownie bade him have no fears, for he would not do him any harm; indeed, he hoped that Jégu might find him of some use. 'But why should you take all this interest in me?' asked the peasant suspiciously. 'Because of a service you did me last winter, which I have never forgotten,' answered the little fellow. 'You know, I am sure, that the korigans[3] who dwell in the White Corn country have declared war on my people, because they say that they are the friends of man. We were therefore obliged to take refuge in distant lands, and to hide ourselves at first under different animal shapes. Since that time, partly from habit and partly to amuse ourselves, we have continued to transform ourselves, and it was in this way that I got to know you.' [Footnote 3: The spiteful fairies.] 'How?' exclaimed Jégu, filled with astonishment. 'Do you remember when you were digging in the field near the river, three months ago, you found a robin redbreast caught in a net?' 'Yes,' answered Jégu, 'I remember it very well, and I opened the net and let him go.' 'Well, I was that robin redbreast, and ever since I have vowed to be your friend, and as you want to marry Barbaïk, I will prove the truth of what I say by helping you to do so.' 'Ah! my little brownie, if you can do that, there is nothing I won't give you, except my soul.' 'Then let me alone,' rejoined the dwarf, 'and I promise you that in a very few months you shall be master of the farm and of Barbaïk.' 'But how are you going to do it?' exclaimed Jégu wonderingly. 'That is my affair. Perhaps I may tell you later. Meanwhile you just eat and sleep, and don't worry yourself about anything.' Jégu declared that nothing could be easier, and then taking off his hat, he thanked the dwarf heartily, and led his horses back to the farm. * * * * * Next morning was a holiday, and Barbaïk was awake earlier than usual, as she wished to get through her work as soon as possible, and be ready to start for a dance which was to be held some distance off. She went first to the cow-house, which it was her duty to keep clean, but to her amazement she found fresh straw put down, the racks filled with hay, the cows milked, and the pails standing neatly in a row. 'Of course, Jégu must have done this in the hope of my giving him a dance,' she thought to herself, and when she met him outside the door she stopped and thanked him for his help. To be sure, Jégu only replied roughly that he didn't know what she was talking about, but this answer made her feel all the more certain that it was he and nobody else. The same thing took place every day, and never had the cow-house been so clean nor the cows so fat. Morning and evening Barbaïk found her earthen pots full of milk and a pound of butter freshly churned, ornamented with leaves. At the end of a few weeks she grew so used to this state of affairs that she only got up just in time to prepare breakfast. Soon even this grew to be unnecessary, for a day arrived when, coming downstairs, she discovered that the house was swept, the furniture polished, the fire lit, and the food ready, so that she had nothing to do except to ring the great bell which summoned the labourers from the fields to come and eat it. This, also, she thought was the work of Jégu, and she could not help feeling that a husband of this sort would be very useful to a girl who liked to lie in bed and to amuse herself. Indeed, Barbaïk had only to express a wish for it to be satisfied. If the wind was cold or the sun was hot and she was afraid to go out lest her complexion should be spoilt, she need only to run down to the spring close by and say softly, 'I should like my churns to be full, and my wet linen to be stretched on the hedge to dry,' and she need never give another thought to the matter. If she found the rye bread too hard to bake, or the oven taking too long to heat, she just murmured, 'I should like to see my six loaves on the shelf above the bread box,' and two hours after there they were. If she was too lazy to walk all the way to market along a dirty road, she would say out loud the night before, 'Why am I not already back from Morlaix with my milk pot empty, my butter bowl inside it, a pound of wild cherries on my wooden plate, and the money I have gained in my apron pocket?' and in the morning when she got up, lo and behold! there were standing at the foot of her bed the empty milk pot with the butter bowl inside, the black cherries on the wooden plate, and six new pieces of silver in the pocket of her apron. And she believed that all this was owing to Jégu, and she could no longer do without him, even in her thoughts. * * * * * When things had reached this pass, the brownie told the young man that he had better ask Barbaïk to marry him, and this time the girl did not turn rudely away, but listened patiently to the end. In her eyes he was as ugly and awkward as ever, but he would certainly make a most useful husband, and she could sleep every morning till breakfast time, just like a young lady, and as for the rest of the day, it would not be half long enough for all she meant to do. She would wear the beautiful dresses that came when she wished for them, and visit her neighbours, who would be dying of envy all the while, and she would be able to dance as much as she wished. Jégu would always be there to work for her, and save for her, and watch over her. So, like a well-brought-up girl, Barbaïk answered that it should be as her father pleased, knowing quite well that old Riou had often said that after he was dead there was no one so capable of carrying on the farm. The marriage took place the following month, and a few days later the old man died quite suddenly. Now Jégu had everything to see to himself, and somehow it did not seem so easy as when the farmer was alive. But once more the brownie stepped in, and was better than ten labourers. It was he who ploughed and sowed and reaped, and if, as happened occasionally, it was needful to get the work done quickly, the brownie called in some of his friends, and as soon as it was light a host of little dwarfs might have been seen in the fields, busy with hoe, fork or sickle. But by the time the people were about all was finished, and the little fellows had disappeared. And all the payment the brownie ever asked for was a bowl of broth. * * * * * From the very day of her marriage Barbaïk had noted with surprise and rage that things ceased to be done for her as they had been done all the weeks and months before. She complained to Jégu of his laziness, and he only stared at her, not understanding what she was talking about. But the brownie, who was standing by, burst out laughing, and confessed that all the good offices she spoke of had been performed by him, for the sake of Jégu, but that now he had other business to do, and it was high time that she looked after her house herself. Barbaïk was furious. Each morning when she was obliged to get up before dawn to milk the cows and go to market, and each evening when she had to sit up till midnight in order to churn the butter, her heart was filled with rage against the brownie who had caused her to expect a life of ease and pleasure. But when she looked at Jégu and beheld his red face, squinting eyes, and untidy hair, her anger was doubled. 'If it had not been for _you_, you miserable dwarf!' she would say between her teeth, 'if it had not been for _you_ I should never have married that man, and I should still have been going to dances, where the young men would have brought me presents of nuts and cherries, and told me that I was the prettiest girl in the parish. While _now_ I can receive no presents except from my husband. I can never dance, except with my husband. Oh, you wretched dwarf, I will never, never forgive you!' * * * * * In spite of her fierce words, no one knew better than Barbaïk how to put her pride in her pocket when it suited her, and after receiving an invitation to a wedding, she begged the brownie to get her a horse to ride there. To her great joy he consented, bidding her set out for the city of the dwarfs and to tell them exactly what she wanted. Full of excitement, Barbaïk started on her journey. It was not long, and when she reached the town she went straight to the dwarfs, who were holding counsel in a wide green place, and said to them, 'Listen, my friends! I have come to beg you to lend me a black horse, with eyes, a mouth, ears, bridle and saddle.' She had hardly spoken when the horse appeared, and mounting on his back she started for the village where the wedding was to be held. * * * * * At first she was so delighted with the chance of a holiday from the work which she hated, that she noticed nothing, but very soon it struck her as odd that as she passed along the roads full of people they all laughed as they looked at her horse. At length she caught some words uttered by one man to another, 'Why, the farmer's wife has sold her horse's tail!' and turned in her saddle. Yes; it was true. Her horse had no tail! She had forgotten to ask for one, and the wicked dwarfs had carried out her orders to the letter! 'Well, at any rate, I shall soon be there,' she thought, and shaking the reins, tried to urge the horse to a gallop. But it was of no use; he declined to move out of a walk; and she was forced to hear all the jokes that were made upon her. In the evening she returned to the farm more angry than ever, and quite determined to revenge herself on the brownie whenever she had the chance, which happened to be very soon. It was the spring, and just the time of year when the dwarfs held their fête, so one day the brownie asked Jégu if he might bring his friends to have supper in the great barn, and whether he would allow them to dance there. Of course, Jégu was only too pleased to be able to do anything for the brownie, and he ordered Barbaïk to spread her best table-cloths in the barn, and to make a quantity of little loaves and pancakes, and, besides, to keep all the milk given by the cows that morning. He expected she would refuse, as he knew she hated the dwarfs, but she said nothing, and prepared the supper as he had bidden her. When all was ready, the dwarfs, in new green suits, came bustling in, very happy and merry, and took their seats at the table. But in a moment they all sprang up with a cry, and ran away screaming, for Barbaïk had placed pans of hot coals under their feet, and all their poor little toes were burnt. 'You won't forget that in a hurry,' she said, smiling grimly to herself, but in a moment they were back again with large pots of water, which they poured on the fire. Then they joined hands and danced round it, singing: Wicked traitress, Barbe Riou, Our poor toes are burned by you; Now we hurry from your hall-- Bad luck light upon you all. That evening they left the country for ever, and Jégu, without their help, grew poorer and poorer, and at last died of misery, while Barbaïk was glad to find work in the market of Morlaix. From 'Le Foyer Breton,' par E. Souvestre
Moral of the Story
Ingratitude and malice, even when seemingly justified by past slights, ultimately lead to ruin and misery.
Characters
Barbaïk ★ protagonist
Graceful dancer, best-dressed girl in the countryside
Attire: Embroidered cap, five petticoats (each shorter than the other), shoes with silver buckles
Vain, lazy, resentful
Jégu ◆ supporting
Rough manners, exceedingly ugly
Attire: Peasant work clothes
Devoted, hardworking, simple
The Brownie of the Lake ◆ supporting
Little dwarf, all dressed in green
Attire: New green suit
Helpful, mischievous, easily offended
Jalm Riou ◆ supporting
Large farm owner, wealthy
Attire: Typical farmer's attire of the time
Contented, pragmatic
Locations

Jalm Riou's Farm
A large farm with fields for horses and cows, a cow-house, and a farmhouse.
Mood: Initially prosperous and content, later declining and miserable.
Barbaïk experiences the brownie's help, leading to her marriage and later decline.

Little Lake with Gorse
A small lake with gorse bushes nearby, where horses drink.
Mood: Magical, mysterious, and fateful.
Jégu first encounters the brownie of the lake.

Great Barn
A large barn where the dwarfs are invited for supper and dancing.
Mood: Initially festive, then chaotic and vengeful.
Barbaïk burns the dwarfs' toes, leading to their departure and the farm's decline.

Dwarfs' City
A town with a wide green place where the dwarfs hold counsel.
Mood: Secretive, magical, and mischievous.
Barbaïk asks the dwarfs for a horse, leading to her humiliation.
Story DNA
Moral
Ingratitude and malice, even when seemingly justified by past slights, ultimately lead to ruin and misery.
Plot Summary
Vain Barbaïk rejects the ugly farmhand Jégu, who is secretly aided by a brownie of the lake. The brownie performs all of Barbaïk's chores and fulfills her wishes, leading her to marry Jégu for his perceived usefulness. After their marriage, the brownie reveals himself and ceases his direct help, forcing Barbaïk to work, which she resents. Seeking revenge for a humiliating trick with a tailless horse, Barbaïk burns the dwarfs' feet with hot coals during a supper. The dwarfs curse her and leave the country, leading to Jégu's impoverishment and death, and Barbaïk's eventual misery working in the market.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story draws on Breton folklore, where supernatural beings like korigans and brownies (often called 'korrigans' or 'bugul-noz' in Brittany, though 'brownie' is a more generalized term) are common. The setting reflects a traditional, agrarian society.
Plot Beats (13)
- Jalm Riou's daughter, Barbaïk, is vain and rejects the ugly farmhand, Jégu, who loves her.
- Jégu, while watering horses, encounters a brownie of the lake who offers to help him win Barbaïk as repayment for freeing him from a net (as a robin).
- The brownie secretly performs all of Barbaïk's chores and fulfills her wishes, making her believe Jégu is doing it.
- Barbaïk, accustomed to ease and believing Jégu is the source, agrees to marry him for his perceived usefulness.
- After their marriage and her father's death, the brownie ceases his direct help for Barbaïk, revealing his role and stating she must now work.
- Barbaïk becomes furious at the brownie and Jégu, resenting her new life of labor.
- Barbaïk asks the brownie for a horse to attend a wedding; he grants her wish but, following her literal instructions, provides a horse without a tail, making her a laughingstock.
- Humiliated, Barbaïk vows revenge on the brownie.
- The brownie asks Jégu if he and his dwarf friends can have supper and dance in the barn; Jégu agrees and orders Barbaïk to prepare for them.
- Barbaïk prepares the supper but places hot coals under the dwarfs' seats.
- The dwarfs are burned, flee screaming, and then return to pour water on the coals and curse Barbaïk.
- The dwarfs leave the country forever, withdrawing their magical aid.
- Without the dwarfs' help, Jégu grows poor and dies of misery, and Barbaïk is forced to work in the market.





