The Brownie of the Lake
by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book
Original Story
THE BROWNIE OF THE LAKE
ONCE upon a time there lived in France a man whose name was Jalm Riou.
You might have walked a whole day without meeting any one happier or
more contented, for he had a large farm, plenty of money, and, above
all, a daughter called Barbaïk, the most graceful dancer and the
best-dressed girl in the whole country side. When she appeared on
holidays in her embroidered cap, five petticoats, each one a little
shorter than the other, and shoes with silver buckles, the women were
all filled with envy, but little cared Barbaïk what they might whisper
behind her back as long as she knew that her clothes were finer than any
one else's and that she had more partners than any other girl.
Now amongst all the young men who wanted to marry Barbaïk, the one whose
heart was most set on her was her father's head man, but as his manners
were rough and he was exceedingly ugly she would have nothing to say to
him, and, what was worse, often made fun of him with the rest.
Jégu, for that was his name, of course heard of this, and it made him
very unhappy. Still, he would not leave the farm, and look for work
elsewhere, as he might have done, for then he would never see Barbaïk at
all, and what was life worth to him without that?
* * * * *
One evening he was bringing back his horses from the fields, and stopped
at a little lake on the way home to let them drink. He was tired with a
long day's work, and stood with his hand on the mane of one of the
animals, waiting till they had done, and thinking all the while of
Barbaïk, when a voice came out of the gorse close by.
'What is the matter, Jégu? You mustn't despair yet.'
The young man glanced up in surprise, and asked who was there.
'It is I, the brownie of the lake,' replied the voice.
'But where are you?' inquired Jégu.
'Look close, and you will see me among the reeds in the form of a little
green frog. I can take,' he added proudly, 'any shape I choose, and
even, which is much harder, be invisible if I want to.'
'Then show yourself to me in the shape in which your family generally
appear,' replied Jégu.
'Certainly, if you wish,' and the frog jumped on the back of one of the
horses, and changed into a little dwarf, all dressed green.
This transformation rather frightened Jégu, but the brownie bade him
have no fears, for he would not do him any harm; indeed, he hoped that
Jégu might find him of some use.
'But why should you take all this interest in me?' asked the peasant
suspiciously.
'Because of a service you did me last winter, which I have never
forgotten,' answered the little fellow. 'You know, I am sure, that the
korigans[3] who dwell in the White Corn country have declared war on my
people, because they say that they are the friends of man. We were
therefore obliged to take refuge in distant lands, and to hide ourselves
at first under different animal shapes. Since that time, partly from
habit and partly to amuse ourselves, we have continued to transform
ourselves, and it was in this way that I got to know you.'
[Footnote 3: The spiteful fairies.]
'How?' exclaimed Jégu, filled with astonishment.
'Do you remember when you were digging in the field near the river,
three months ago, you found a robin redbreast caught in a net?'
'Yes,' answered Jégu, 'I remember it very well, and I opened the net and
let him go.'
'Well, I was that robin redbreast, and ever since I have vowed to be
your friend, and as you want to marry Barbaïk, I will prove the truth of
what I say by helping you to do so.'
'Ah! my little brownie, if you can do that, there is nothing I won't
give you, except my soul.'
'Then let me alone,' rejoined the dwarf, 'and I promise you that in a
very few months you shall be master of the farm and of Barbaïk.'
'But how are you going to do it?' exclaimed Jégu wonderingly.
'That is my affair. Perhaps I may tell you later. Meanwhile you just eat
and sleep, and don't worry yourself about anything.'
Jégu declared that nothing could be easier, and then taking off his hat,
he thanked the dwarf heartily, and led his horses back to the farm.
* * * * *
Next morning was a holiday, and Barbaïk was awake earlier than usual, as
she wished to get through her work as soon as possible, and be ready to
start for a dance which was to be held some distance off. She went first
to the cow-house, which it was her duty to keep clean, but to her
amazement she found fresh straw put down, the racks filled with hay, the
cows milked, and the pails standing neatly in a row.
'Of course, Jégu must have done this in the hope of my giving him a
dance,' she thought to herself, and when she met him outside the door
she stopped and thanked him for his help. To be sure, Jégu only replied
roughly that he didn't know what she was talking about, but this answer
made her feel all the more certain that it was he and nobody else.
The same thing took place every day, and never had the cow-house been so
clean nor the cows so fat. Morning and evening Barbaïk found her earthen
pots full of milk and a pound of butter freshly churned, ornamented with
leaves. At the end of a few weeks she grew so used to this state of
affairs that she only got up just in time to prepare breakfast.
Soon even this grew to be unnecessary, for a day arrived when, coming
downstairs, she discovered that the house was swept, the furniture
polished, the fire lit, and the food ready, so that she had nothing to
do except to ring the great bell which summoned the labourers from the
fields to come and eat it. This, also, she thought was the work of Jégu,
and she could not help feeling that a husband of this sort would be very
useful to a girl who liked to lie in bed and to amuse herself.
Indeed, Barbaïk had only to express a wish for it to be satisfied. If
the wind was cold or the sun was hot and she was afraid to go out lest
her complexion should be spoilt, she need only to run down to the spring
close by and say softly, 'I should like my churns to be full, and my wet
linen to be stretched on the hedge to dry,' and she need never give
another thought to the matter.
If she found the rye bread too hard to bake, or the oven taking too long
to heat, she just murmured, 'I should like to see my six loaves on the
shelf above the bread box,' and two hours after there they were.
If she was too lazy to walk all the way to market along a dirty road,
she would say out loud the night before, 'Why am I not already back from
Morlaix with my milk pot empty, my butter bowl inside it, a pound of
wild cherries on my wooden plate, and the money I have gained in my
apron pocket?' and in the morning when she got up, lo and behold! there
were standing at the foot of her bed the empty milk pot with the butter
bowl inside, the black cherries on the wooden plate, and six new pieces
of silver in the pocket of her apron. And she believed that all this was
owing to Jégu, and she could no longer do without him, even in her
thoughts.
* * * * *
When things had reached this pass, the brownie told the young man that
he had better ask Barbaïk to marry him, and this time the girl did not
turn rudely away, but listened patiently to the end. In her eyes he was
as ugly and awkward as ever, but he would certainly make a most useful
husband, and she could sleep every morning till breakfast time, just
like a young lady, and as for the rest of the day, it would not be half
long enough for all she meant to do. She would wear the beautiful
dresses that came when she wished for them, and visit her neighbours,
who would be dying of envy all the while, and she would be able to dance
as much as she wished. Jégu would always be there to work for her, and
save for her, and watch over her. So, like a well-brought-up girl,
Barbaïk answered that it should be as her father pleased, knowing quite
well that old Riou had often said that after he was dead there was no
one so capable of carrying on the farm.
The marriage took place the following month, and a few days later the
old man died quite suddenly. Now Jégu had everything to see to himself,
and somehow it did not seem so easy as when the farmer was alive. But
once more the brownie stepped in, and was better than ten labourers. It
was he who ploughed and sowed and reaped, and if, as happened
occasionally, it was needful to get the work done quickly, the brownie
called in some of his friends, and as soon as it was light a host of
little dwarfs might have been seen in the fields, busy with hoe, fork or
sickle. But by the time the people were about all was finished, and the
little fellows had disappeared.
And all the payment the brownie ever asked for was a bowl of broth.
* * * * *
From the very day of her marriage Barbaïk had noted with surprise and
rage that things ceased to be done for her as they had been done all the
weeks and months before. She complained to Jégu of his laziness, and he
only stared at her, not understanding what she was talking about. But
the brownie, who was standing by, burst out laughing, and confessed that
all the good offices she spoke of had been performed by him, for the
sake of Jégu, but that now he had other business to do, and it was high
time that she looked after her house herself.
Barbaïk was furious. Each morning when she was obliged to get up before
dawn to milk the cows and go to market, and each evening when she had to
sit up till midnight in order to churn the butter, her heart was filled
with rage against the brownie who had caused her to expect a life of
ease and pleasure. But when she looked at Jégu and beheld his red face,
squinting eyes, and untidy hair, her anger was doubled.
'If it had not been for you, you miserable dwarf!' she would say
between her teeth, 'if it had not been for you I should never have
married that man, and I should still have been going to dances, where
the young men would have brought me presents of nuts and cherries, and
told me that I was the prettiest girl in the parish. While now I can
receive no presents except from my husband. I can never dance, except
with my husband. Oh, you wretched dwarf, I will never, never forgive
you!'
* * * * *
In spite of her fierce words, no one knew better than Barbaïk how to put
her pride in her pocket when it suited her, and after receiving an
invitation to a wedding, she begged the brownie to get her a horse to
ride there. To her great joy he consented, bidding her set out for the
city of the dwarfs and to tell them exactly what she wanted. Full of
excitement, Barbaïk started on her journey. It was not long, and when
she reached the town she went straight to the dwarfs, who were holding
counsel in a wide green place, and said to them, 'Listen, my friends! I
have come to beg you to lend me a black horse, with eyes, a mouth, ears,
bridle and saddle.'
She had hardly spoken when the horse appeared, and mounting on his back
she started for the village where the wedding was to be held.
* * * * *
At first she was so delighted with the chance of a holiday from the work
which she hated, that she noticed nothing, but very soon it struck her
as odd that as she passed along the roads full of people they all
laughed as they looked at her horse. At length she caught some words
uttered by one man to another, 'Why, the farmer's wife has sold her
horse's tail!' and turned in her saddle. Yes; it was true. Her horse had
no tail! She had forgotten to ask for one, and the wicked dwarfs had
carried out her orders to the letter!
'Well, at any rate, I shall soon be there,' she thought, and shaking the
reins, tried to urge the horse to a gallop. But it was of no use; he
declined to move out of a walk; and she was forced to hear all the jokes
that were made upon her.
In the evening she returned to the farm more angry than ever, and quite
determined to revenge herself on the brownie whenever she had the
chance, which happened to be very soon.
It was the spring, and just the time of year when the dwarfs held their
fête, so one day the brownie asked Jégu if he might bring his friends to
have supper in the great barn, and whether he would allow them to dance
there. Of course, Jégu was only too pleased to be able to do anything
for the brownie, and he ordered Barbaïk to spread her best table-cloths
in the barn, and to make a quantity of little loaves and pancakes, and,
besides, to keep all the milk given by the cows that morning. He
expected she would refuse, as he knew she hated the dwarfs, but she said
nothing, and prepared the supper as he had bidden her.
When all was ready, the dwarfs, in new green suits, came bustling in,
very happy and merry, and took their seats at the table. But in a moment
they all sprang up with a cry, and ran away screaming, for Barbaïk had
placed pans of hot coals under their feet, and all their poor little
toes were burnt.
'You won't forget that in a hurry,' she said, smiling grimly to herself,
but in a moment they were back again with large pots of water, which
they poured on the fire. Then they joined hands and danced round it,
singing:
Wicked traitress, Barbe Riou,
Our poor toes are burned by you;
Now we hurry from your hall--
Bad luck light upon you all.
That evening they left the country for ever, and Jégu, without their
help, grew poorer and poorer, and at last died of misery, while Barbaïk
was glad to find work in the market of Morlaix.
From 'Le Foyer Breton,' par E. Souvestre
Story DNA
Moral
Ingratitude and malice, even when seemingly justified by past slights, ultimately lead to ruin and misery.
Plot Summary
Vain Barbaïk rejects the ugly farmhand Jégu, who is secretly aided by a brownie of the lake. The brownie performs all of Barbaïk's chores and fulfills her wishes, leading her to marry Jégu for his perceived usefulness. After their marriage, the brownie reveals himself and ceases his direct help, forcing Barbaïk to work, which she resents. Seeking revenge for a humiliating trick with a tailless horse, Barbaïk burns the dwarfs' feet with hot coals during a supper. The dwarfs curse her and leave the country, leading to Jégu's impoverishment and death, and Barbaïk's eventual misery working in the market.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story draws on Breton folklore, where supernatural beings like korigans and brownies (often called 'korrigans' or 'bugul-noz' in Brittany, though 'brownie' is a more generalized term) are common. The setting reflects a traditional, agrarian society.
Plot Beats (13)
- Jalm Riou's daughter, Barbaïk, is vain and rejects the ugly farmhand, Jégu, who loves her.
- Jégu, while watering horses, encounters a brownie of the lake who offers to help him win Barbaïk as repayment for freeing him from a net (as a robin).
- The brownie secretly performs all of Barbaïk's chores and fulfills her wishes, making her believe Jégu is doing it.
- Barbaïk, accustomed to ease and believing Jégu is the source, agrees to marry him for his perceived usefulness.
- After their marriage and her father's death, the brownie ceases his direct help for Barbaïk, revealing his role and stating she must now work.
- Barbaïk becomes furious at the brownie and Jégu, resenting her new life of labor.
- Barbaïk asks the brownie for a horse to attend a wedding; he grants her wish but, following her literal instructions, provides a horse without a tail, making her a laughingstock.
- Humiliated, Barbaïk vows revenge on the brownie.
- The brownie asks Jégu if he and his dwarf friends can have supper and dance in the barn; Jégu agrees and orders Barbaïk to prepare for them.
- Barbaïk prepares the supper but places hot coals under the dwarfs' seats.
- The dwarfs are burned, flee screaming, and then return to pour water on the coals and curse Barbaïk.
- The dwarfs leave the country forever, withdrawing their magical aid.
- Without the dwarfs' help, Jégu grows poor and dies of misery, and Barbaïk is forced to work in the market.
Characters
Barbaïk
Graceful dancer, best-dressed girl in the countryside
Attire: Embroidered cap, five petticoats (each shorter than the other), shoes with silver buckles
Vain, lazy, resentful
Jégu
Rough manners, exceedingly ugly
Attire: Peasant work clothes
Devoted, hardworking, simple
The Brownie of the Lake
Little dwarf, all dressed in green
Attire: New green suit
Helpful, mischievous, easily offended
Jalm Riou
Large farm owner, wealthy
Attire: Typical farmer's attire of the time
Contented, pragmatic
Locations
Jalm Riou's Farm
A large farm with fields for horses and cows, a cow-house, and a farmhouse.
Mood: Initially prosperous and content, later declining and miserable.
Barbaïk experiences the brownie's help, leading to her marriage and later decline.
Little Lake with Gorse
A small lake with gorse bushes nearby, where horses drink.
Mood: Magical, mysterious, and fateful.
Jégu first encounters the brownie of the lake.
Great Barn
A large barn where the dwarfs are invited for supper and dancing.
Mood: Initially festive, then chaotic and vengeful.
Barbaïk burns the dwarfs' toes, leading to their departure and the farm's decline.
Dwarfs' City
A town with a wide green place where the dwarfs hold counsel.
Mood: Secretive, magical, and mischievous.
Barbaïk asks the dwarfs for a horse, leading to her humiliation.