The False Prince and the True
by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book
Original Story
THE FALSE PRINCE AND THE TRUE
THE king had just awakened from his midday sleep, for it was summer, and
everyone rose early and rested from twelve to three, as they do in hot
countries. He had dressed himself in cool white clothes, and was passing
through the hall on his way to the council chamber, when a number of
young nobles suddenly appeared before him, and one amongst them stepped
forward and spoke.
'Sire, this morning we were all playing tennis in the court, the prince
and this gentleman with the rest, when there broke out some dispute
about the game. The prince lost his temper, and said many insulting
things to the other, who was playing against him, till at length the
gentleman whom you see there struck him violently in the face, so that
the blood ran from his mouth and nose. We were all so horrified at the
sight, that we should most likely have killed the man then and there,
for daring to lay hands on the prince, had not his grandfather the duke
stepped between and commanded us to lay the affair before you.'
The king had listened attentively to the story, and when it was ended he
said:
'I suppose the prince had no arms with him, or else he would have used
them?'
'Yes, sire, he had arms; he always carries a dagger in his belt. But
when he saw the blood pouring from his face, he went to a corner of the
court and began to cry, which was the strangest thing of all.'
On hearing this the king walked to the window and stood for a few
minutes with his back to the room, where the company of young men
remained silent. Then he came back, his face white and stern.
[Illustration: The Quarrel in the Tennis Court]
'I tell you,' he said, 'and it is the solemn truth, that I would rather
you had told me that the prince was dead, though he is my only son, than
know that he would suffer such an injury without attempting to avenge
it. As for the gentleman who struck him, he will be brought before my
judges, and will plead his own cause, but I hardly think he can escape
death, after having assaulted the heir to the crown.'
The young man raised his head as if to reply, but the king would not
listen, and commanded his guards to put him under arrest, adding,
however, that if the prisoner wished to visit any part of the city, he
was at liberty to do so properly guarded, and in fifteen days he would
be brought to trial before the highest judges in the land.
* * * * *
The young man left the king's presence, surrounded by soldiers, and
accompanied by many of his friends, for he was a great favourite. By
their advice he spent the fourteen days that remained to him going about
to seek counsel from wise men of all sorts, as to how he might escape
death, but no one could help him, for none could find any excuse for the
blow he had given to the prince.
The fourteenth night had come, and in despair the prisoner went out to
take his last walk through the city. He wandered on hardly knowing where
he went, and his face was so white and desperate that none of his
companions dared speak to him. The sad little procession had passed some
hours in this manner, when, near the gate of a monastery, an old woman
appeared round a corner, and suddenly stood before the young man. She
was bent almost double, and was so wizened and wrinkled that she looked
at least ninety; only her eyes were bright and quick as those of a girl.
'Sir,' she said, 'I know all that has happened to you, and how you are
seeking if in any wise you can save your life. But there is none that
can answer that question save only I myself, if you will promise to do
all I ask.'
At her words the prisoner felt as if a load had all at once been rolled
off him.
'Oh, save me, and I will do anything!' he cried. 'It is so hard to leave
the world and go out into the darkness.'
'You will not need to do that,' answered the old woman, 'you have only
got to marry me, and you will soon be free.'
'Marry you?' exclaimed he, 'but--but--I am not yet twenty, and you--why,
you must be a hundred at least! Oh, no, it is quite impossible.'
He spoke without thinking, but the flash of anger which darted from her
eyes made him feel uncomfortable. However, all she said was:
'As you like; since you reject me, let the crows have you,' and hurried
away down the street.
* * * * *
Left to himself, the full horror of his coming death rushed upon the
young man, and he understood that he had thrown away his sole chance of
life. Well, if he must, he must, he said to himself, and began to run as
fast as he could after the old crone, who by this time could scarcely be
seen, even in the moonlight. Who would have believed a woman past ninety
could walk with such speed? It seemed more like flying! But at length,
breathless and exhausted, he reached her side, and gasped out:
'Madam, pardon me for my hasty words just now; I was wrong, and will
thankfully accept the offer you made me.'
'Ah, I thought you would come to your senses,' answered she, in rather
an odd voice. 'We have no time to lose--follow me at once,' and they
went on silently and swiftly till they stopped at the door of a small
house in which the priest lived. Before him the old woman bade the
prisoner swear that she should be his wife, and this he did in the
presence of witnesses. Then, begging the priest and the guards to leave
them alone for a little, she told the young man what he was to do, when
the next morning he was brought before the king and the judges.
* * * * *
The hall was full to overflowing when the prisoner entered it, and all
marvelled at the brightness of his face. The king inquired if he had any
excuse to plead for the high treason he had committed by striking the
heir to the throne, and, if so, to be quick in setting it forth. With a
low bow the youth made answer in a clear voice:
'O my lord and gracious king, and you, nobles and wise men of the land,
I leave my cause without fear in your hands, knowing that you will
listen and judge rightly, and that you will suffer me to speak to the
end, before you give judgment.
'For four years, you, O king, had been married to the queen and yet had
no children, which grieved you greatly. The queen saw this, and likewise
that your love was going from her, and thought night and day of some
plan that might put an end to this evil. At length, when you were away
fighting in distant countries, she decided what she would do, and
adopted in secret the baby of a poor quarryman, sending a messenger to
tell you that you had a son. No one suspected the truth except a priest
to whom the queen confessed the truth, and in a few weeks she fell ill
and died, leaving the baby to be brought up as became a prince. And now,
if your highness will permit me, I will speak of myself.'
'What you have already told me,' answered the king, 'is so strange that
I cannot imagine what more there is to tell, but go on with your story.'
'One day, shortly after the death of the queen,' continued the young
man, 'your highness was hunting, and outstripped all your attendants
while chasing the deer. You were in a part of the country which you did
not know, so seeing an orchard all pink and white with apple-blossoms,
and a girl tossing a ball in one corner, you went up to her to ask your
way. But when she turned to answer you, you were so struck with her
beauty that all else fled from your mind. Again and again you rode back
to see her, and at length persuaded her to marry you. She only thought
you a poor knight, and agreed that, as you wished it, the marriage
should be kept secret.
'After the ceremony you gave her three rings and a charm with a cross on
it, and then put her in a cottage in the forest, thinking to hide the
matter securely.
'For some months you visited the cottage every week; but a rebellion
broke out in a distant part of the kingdom, and called for your
presence. When next you rode up to the cottage, it was empty, and none
could inform you whither your bride had gone. That, sire, I can now tell
you,' and the young man paused and looked at the king, who coloured
deeply. 'She went back to her father the old duke, once your
chamberlain, and the cross on her breast revealed at once who you were.
Fierce was his anger when he heard his daughter's tale, and he vowed
that he would hide her safely from you, till the day came when you would
claim her publicly as your queen.
'By and bye I was born, and was brought up by my grandfather in one of
his great houses. Here are the rings you gave to my mother, and here is
the cross, and these will prove if I am your son or not.'
As he spoke the young man laid the jewels at the feet of the king, and
the nobles and the judges pressed round to examine them. The king alone
did not move from his seat, for he had forgotten the hall of justice and
all about him, and saw only the apple-orchard as it was twenty years
ago, and the beautiful girl playing at ball. A sudden silence round him
made him look up, and he found the eyes of the assembly fixed on him.
'It is true; it is he who is my son, and not the other,' he said with
an effort, 'and let every man present swear to acknowledge him as king,
after my death.'
Therefore one by one they all knelt before him and took the oath, and a
message was sent to the false prince, forbidding him ever again to
appear at court, though a handsome pension was granted him.
* * * * *
At last the ceremony was over, and the king, signing to his newly found
son to follow him, rose and went into another room.
'Tell me how you knew all that,' he said, throwing himself into a carved
chair filled with crimson cushions, and the prince told of his meeting
with the old woman who had brought him the jewels from his mother, and
how he had sworn before a priest to marry her, though he did not want to
do it, on account of the difference in their ages, and besides, he would
rather receive a bride chosen by the king himself. But the king frowned,
and answered sharply:
'You swore to marry her if she saved your life, and, come what may, you
must fulfil your promise.' Then, striking a silver shield that hung
close by, he said to the equerry who appeared immediately:
'Go and seek the priest who lives near the door of the prison, and ask
him where you can find the old woman who visited him last night; and
when you have found her, bring her to the palace.'
* * * * *
It took some time to discover the whereabouts of the old woman, but at
length it was accomplished, and when she arrived at the palace with the
equerry, she was received with royal honours, as became the bride of the
prince. The guards looked at each other with astonished eyes, as the
wizened creature, bowed with age, passed between their lines; but they
were more amazed still at the lightness of her step as she skipped up
the steps to the great door before which the king was standing, with
the prince at his side. If they both felt a shock at the appearance of
the aged lady they did not show it, and the king, with a grave bow, took
her hand, and led her to the chapel, where a bishop was waiting to
perform the marriage ceremony.
For the next few weeks little was seen of the prince, who spent all his
days in hunting, and trying to forget the old wife at home. As for the
princess, no one troubled himself about her, and she passed the days
alone in her apartments, for she had absolutely declined the services of
the ladies-in-waiting whom the king had appointed for her.
One night the prince returned after a longer chase than usual, and he
was so tired that he went up straight to bed. Suddenly he was awakened
by a strange noise in the room, and suspecting that a robber might have
stolen in, he jumped out of bed, and seized his sword, which lay ready
to his hand. Then he perceived that the noise proceeded from the next
room, which belonged to the princess, and was lighted by a burning
torch. Creeping softly to the door, he peeped through it, and beheld her
lying quietly, with a crown of gold and pearls upon her head, her
wrinkles all gone, and her face, which was whiter than the snow, as
fresh as that of a girl of fourteen. Could that really be his wife--that
beautiful, beautiful creature?
* * * * *
The prince was still gazing in surprise when the lady opened her eyes
and smiled at him.
'Yes, I really am your wife,' she said, as if she had guessed his
thoughts, 'and the enchantment is ended. Now I must tell you who I am,
and what befell to cause me to take the shape of an old woman.
'The king of Granada is my father, and I was born in the palace which
overlooks the plain of the Vega. I was only a few months old when a
wicked fairy, who had a spite against my parents, cast a spell over me,
bending my back and wrinkling my skin till I looked as if I was a
hundred years old, and making me such an object of disgust to everyone,
that at length the king ordered my nurse to take me away from the
palace. She was the only person who cared about me, and we lived
together in this city on a small pension allowed me by the king.
'When I was about three an old man arrived at our house, and begged my
nurse to let him come in and rest, as he could walk no longer. She saw
that he was very ill, so put him to bed and took such care of him that
by and bye he was as strong as ever. In gratitude for her goodness to
him, he told her that he was a wizard and could give her anything she
chose to ask for, except life or death, so she answered that what she
longed for most in the world was that my wrinkled skin should disappear,
and that I should regain the beauty with which I was born. To this he
replied that as my misfortune resulted from a spell, this was rather
difficult, but he would do his best, and at any rate he could promise
that before my fifteenth birthday I should be freed from the enchantment
if I could get a man who would swear to marry me as I was.
'As you may suppose, this was not easy, as my ugliness was such that no
one would look at me a second time. My nurse and I were almost in
despair, as my fifteenth birthday was drawing near, and I had never so
much as spoken to a man. At last we received a visit from the wizard,
who told us what had happened at court, and your story, bidding me to
put myself in your way when you had lost all hope, and offer to save you
if you would consent to marry me.
'That is my history, and now you must beg the king to send messengers at
once to Granada, to inform my father of our marriage, and I think,'
she added with a smile, 'that he will not refuse us his blessing.'
Adapted from the Portuguese.
Story DNA
Moral
True honor lies in fulfilling one's promises, and true beauty can be hidden beneath an unappealing exterior.
Plot Summary
A young nobleman is sentenced to death for striking the cowardly prince. Desperate, he agrees to marry a mysterious old woman who promises to save him. At his trial, he reveals that the current prince is adopted and he himself is the king's true son, proving his claim with royal artifacts. The king accepts him as heir, and the nobleman reluctantly marries the old woman. Later, he discovers her transformed into a beautiful princess, who explains she was under a fairy's curse that could only be broken by a man marrying her despite her aged appearance.
Themes
Emotional Arc
despair to hope to reluctant acceptance to joy
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected and retold fairy tales from various European traditions. This story, adapted from Portuguese, reflects common European fairy tale tropes of curses, hidden identities, and moral tests.
Plot Beats (14)
- The king is informed that a young nobleman struck the prince after the prince acted cowardly in a dispute.
- The king, disgusted by his son's cowardice, sentences the nobleman to death for treason, but allows him 15 days to prepare.
- The nobleman seeks counsel but finds no hope; on his last night, an old, wizened woman offers to save him if he marries her.
- The nobleman initially refuses due to her age, but then, in despair, chases her down and agrees to the marriage.
- They are married by a priest, and the old woman instructs the nobleman on what to say at his trial.
- At his trial, the nobleman reveals that the current prince is an adopted quarryman's son, and the queen had confessed this before her death.
- The nobleman then reveals that he is the king's true son, born from a secret marriage to a beautiful woman, proving it with rings and a cross.
- The king recognizes the truth, acknowledges the nobleman as his heir, and banishes the false prince.
- The king reminds his true son of his promise to marry the old woman, and sends for her.
- The old woman arrives at the palace and is married to the prince in a royal ceremony, astonishing the guards.
- The prince avoids his old wife, but one night, he discovers her transformed into a beautiful young woman with a crown.
- The transformed princess explains she is the daughter of the King of Granada, cursed by a wicked fairy to appear old until a man married her as she was.
- The princess reveals that the wizard who helped her also guided her to the prince to break the enchantment.
- The prince and princess plan to inform her father of their marriage.
Characters
The King
White and stern face
Attire: Cool white clothes suitable for a hot climate, likely richly embroidered.
Stern, values honor and bravery, just.
The False Prince
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be handsome and of noble bearing initially.
Attire: Fine clothes befitting a prince, including a dagger in his belt.
Cowardly, quick-tempered, dishonorable.
The True Prince
Bright face
Attire: Well-made but not overly ostentatious clothing, suitable for a nobleman.
Honorable, brave, willing to sacrifice himself, dutiful.
The Old Woman / Princess of Granada
Bent double, wizened, wrinkled skin
Attire: Simple, dark clothing suitable for an elderly woman of low status.
Wise, resourceful, kind, magical.
Locations
Tennis Court
A court where young nobles play tennis; the scene of an argument and a violent act.
Mood: tense, competitive, then shocked and horrified
The prince is struck, revealing his unprincely reaction and setting the plot in motion.
King's Hall
A large hall where the king receives nobles and dispenses justice.
Mood: formal, serious, judgmental
The king condemns the young man, setting the stage for his desperate search for help.
City Street near Monastery Gate
A street near a monastery gate, where the prisoner takes his last walk.
Mood: desperate, hopeless, then hopeful
The old woman appears and offers the prisoner a chance to save his life.
Chapel
A chapel within the palace.
Mood: solemn, formal, magical
The prince is forced to marry the old woman, fulfilling his promise and setting the stage for the enchantment's end.
Princess's Bedchamber
A room with a torch, where the princess sleeps.
Mood: mysterious, magical, transformative
The prince discovers his wife transformed into a beautiful princess, marking the end of the enchantment.