The Four Gifts
by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book
Original Story
THE FOUR GIFTS
IN the old land of Brittany, once called Cornwall, there lived a woman
named Barbaïk Bourhis, who spent all her days in looking after her farm
with the help of her niece Téphany. Early and late the two might be seen
in the fields or in the dairy, milking cows, making butter, feeding
fowls; working hard themselves and taking care that others worked too.
Perhaps it might have been better for Barbaïk if she had left herself a
little time to rest and to think about other things, for soon she grew
to love money for its own sake, and only gave herself and Téphany the
food and clothes they absolutely needed. And as for poor people, she
positively hated them, and declared that such lazy creatures had no
business in the world.
Well, this being the sort of person Barbaïk was, it is easy to guess at
her anger when one day she found Téphany talking outside the cow-house
to young Denis, who was nothing more than a day labourer from the
village of Plover. Seizing her niece by the arm, she pulled her sharply
away, exclaiming:
'Are you not ashamed, girl, to waste your time over a man who is as poor
as a rat, when there are a dozen more who would be only too happy to buy
you rings of silver, if you would let them?'
'Denis is a good workman, as you know very well,' answered Téphany, red
with anger, 'and he puts by money too, and soon he will be able to take
a farm for himself.'
'Nonsense,' cried Barbaïk, 'he will never save enough for a farm till he
is a hundred. I would sooner see you in your grave than the wife of a
man who carries his whole fortune on his back.'
'What does fortune matter when one is young and strong?' asked Téphany,
but her aunt, amazed at such words, would hardly let her finish.
'What does fortune matter?' repeated Barbaïk, in a shocked voice. 'Is it
possible that you are really so foolish as to despise money? If this is
what you learn from Denis, I forbid you to speak to him, and I will have
him turned out of the farm if he dares to show his face here again. Now
go and wash the clothes and spread them out to dry.'
* * * * *
Téphany did not dare to disobey, but with a heavy heart went down the
path to the river.
'She is harder than these rocks,' said the girl to herself, 'yes, a
thousand times harder. For the rain at least can at last wear away the
stone, but you might cry for ever, and she would never care. Talking to
Denis is the only pleasure I have, and if I am not to see him I may as
well enter a convent.'
Thinking these thoughts she reached the bank, and began to unfold the
large packet of linen that had to be washed. The tap of a stick made her
look up, and standing before her she saw a little old woman, whose face
was strange to her.
'You would like to sit down and rest, granny?' asked Téphany, pushing
aside her bundle.
'When the sky is all the roof you have, you rest where you will,'
replied the old woman in trembling tones.
'Are you so lonely, then?' inquired Téphany, full of pity. 'Have you no
friends who would welcome you into their houses?'
The old woman shook her head.
'They all died long, long ago,' she answered, 'and the only friends I
have are strangers with kind hearts.'
The girl did not speak for a moment, then held out the small loaf and
some bacon intended for her dinner.
'Take this,' she said; 'to-day at any rate you shall dine well,' and the
old woman took it, gazing at Téphany the while.
'Those who help others deserve to be helped,' she answered; 'your eyes
are still red because that miser Barbaïk has forbidden you to speak to
the young man from Plover. But cheer up, you are a good girl, and I will
give you something that will enable you to see him once every day.'
'You?' cried Téphany, stupefied at discovering that the beggar knew all
about her affairs, but the old woman did not hear her.
'Take this long copper pin,' she went on, 'and every time you stick it
in your dress Mother Bourhis will be obliged to leave the house in order
to go and count her cabbages. As long as the pin is in your dress you
will be free, and your aunt will not come back until you have put it in
its case again.' Then, rising, she nodded to Téphany and vanished.
The girl stood where she was, as still as a stone. If it had not been
for the pin in her hands she would have thought she was dreaming. But by
that token she knew it was no common old woman who had given it to her,
but a fairy, wise in telling what would happen in the days to come. Then
suddenly Téphany's eyes fell on the clothes, and to make up for lost
time she began to wash them with great vigour.
* * * * *
Next evening, at the moment when Denis was accustomed to wait for her in
the shadow of the cow-house, Téphany stuck the pin in her dress, and at
the very same instant Barbaïk took up her sabots or wooden shoes and
went through the orchard and past to the fields, to the plot where the
cabbages grew. With a heart as light as her footsteps, the girl ran from
the house, and spent her evening happily with Denis. And so it was for
many days after that. Then, at last, Téphany began to notice something,
and the something made her very sad.
At first Denis seemed to find the hours that they were together fly as
quickly as she did, but when he had taught her all the songs he knew,
and told her all the plans he had made for growing rich and a great man,
he had nothing more to say to her, for he, like a great many other
people, was fond of talking himself, but not of listening to any one
else. Sometimes, indeed, he never came at all, and the next evening he
would tell Téphany that he had been forced to go into the town on
business, but though she never reproached him she was not deceived and
saw plainly that he no longer cared for her as he used to do.
Day by day her heart grew heavier and her cheeks paler, and one evening,
when she had waited for him in vain, she put her water-pot on her
shoulder and went slowly down to the spring. On the path in front of her
stood the fairy who had given her the pin, and as she glanced at Téphany
she gave a little mischievous laugh and said:
'Why, my pretty maiden hardly looks happier than she did before, in
spite of meeting her lover whenever she pleases.'
'He has grown tired of me,' answered Téphany in a trembling voice, 'and
he makes excuses to stay away. Ah! granny dear, it is not enough to be
able to see him, I must be able to amuse him and to keep him with me. He
is so clever, you know. Help me to be clever too.'
'Is that what you want?' cried the old woman. 'Well, take this feather
and stick it in your hair, and you will be as wise as Solomon himself.'
Blushing with pleasure Téphany went home and stuck the feather into the
blue ribbon which girls always wear in that part of the country. In a
moment she heard Denis whistling gaily, and as her aunt was safely
counting her cabbages, she hurried out to meet him. The young man was
struck dumb by her talk. There was nothing that she did not seem to
know, and as for songs she not only could sing those from every part of
Britanny, but could compose them herself. Was this really the quiet
girl who had been so anxious to learn all he could teach her, or was it
somebody else? Perhaps she had gone suddenly mad, and there was an evil
spirit inside her. But in any case, night after night he came back, only
to find her growing wiser and wiser. Soon the neighbours whispered their
surprise among themselves, for Téphany had not been able to resist the
pleasure of putting the feather in her hair for some of the people who
despised her for her poor clothes, and many were the jokes she made
about them. Of course they heard of her jests, and shook their heads
saying:
'She is an ill-natured little cat, and the man that marries her will
find that it is she who will hold the reins and drive the horse.'
It was not long before Denis began to agree with them, and as he always
liked to be master wherever he went, he became afraid of Téphany's sharp
tongue, and instead of laughing as before when she made fun of other
people he grew red and uncomfortable, thinking that his turn would come
next.
* * * * *
So matters went on till one evening Denis told Téphany that he really
could not stay a moment, as he had promised to go to a dance that was to
be held in the next village.
Téphany's face fell; she had worked hard all day, and had been counting
on a quiet hour with Denis. She did her best to persuade him to remain
with her, but he would not listen, and at last she grew angry.
'Oh, I know why you are so anxious not to miss the dance,' she said;
'it is because Azilicz of Penenru will be there.'
Now Azilicz was the loveliest girl for miles round, and she and Denis
had known each other from childhood.
'Oh yes, Azilicz will be there,' answered Denis, who was quite pleased
to see her jealous, 'and naturally one would go a long way to watch her
dance.'
'Go then!' cried Téphany, and entering the house she slammed the door
behind her.
Lonely and miserable she sat down by the fire and stared into the red
embers. Then, flinging the feather from her hair, she put her head on
her hands, and sobbed passionately.
'What is the use of being clever when it is beauty that men want? That
is what I ought to have asked for. But it is too late, Denis will never
come back.'
'Since you wish it so much you shall have beauty,' said a voice at her
side, and looking round she beheld the old woman leaning on her stick.
'Fasten this necklace round your neck, and as long as you wear it you
will be the most beautiful woman in the world,' continued the fairy.
With a little shriek of joy Téphany took the necklace, and snapping the
clasp ran to the mirror which hung in the corner. Ah, this time she
was not afraid of Azilicz or of any other girl, for surely none could be
as fair and white as she. And with the sight of her face a thought came
to her, and putting on hastily her best dress and her buckled shoes she
hurried off to the dance.
On the way she met a beautiful carriage with a young man seated in it.
'What a lovely maiden!' he exclaimed, as Téphany approached. 'Why, there
is not a girl in my own country that can be compared to her. She, and no
other, shall be my bride.'
The carriage was large and barred the narrow road, so Téphany was
forced, much against her will, to remain where she was. But she looked
the young man full in the face as she answered:
'Go your way, noble lord, and let me go mine. I am only a poor peasant
girl, accustomed to milk and make hay and spin.'
'Peasant you may be, but I will make you a great lady,' said he, taking
her hand and trying to lead her to the carriage.
'I don't want to be a great lady, I only want to be the wife of Denis,'
she replied, throwing off his hand and running to the ditch which
divided the road from the cornfield, where she hoped to hide. Unluckily
the young man guessed what she was doing, and signed to his attendants,
who seized her and put her in the coach. The door was banged, and the
horses whipped up into a gallop.
At the end of an hour they arrived at a splendid castle, and Téphany,
who would not move, was lifted out and carried into the hall, while a
priest was sent for to perform the marriage ceremony. The young man
tried to win a smile from her by telling of all the beautiful things she
should have as his wife, but Téphany did not listen to him, and looked
about to see if there was any means by which she could escape. It did
not seem easy. The three great doors were closely barred, and the one
through which she had entered shut with a spring, but her feather was
still in her hair, and by its aid she detected a crack in the wooden
panelling, through which a streak of light could be dimly seen. Touching
the copper pin which fastened her dress, the girl sent every one in the
hall to count the cabbages, while she herself passed through the little
door, not knowing whither she was going.
By this time night had fallen, and Téphany was very tired. Thankfully
she found herself at the gate of a convent, and asked if she might stay
there till morning. But the portress answered roughly that it was no
place for beggars, and bade her begone, so the poor girl dragged herself
slowly along the road, till a light and the bark of a dog told her that
she was near a farm.
In front of the house was a group of people; two or three women and the
sons of the farmer. When their mother heard Téphany's request to be
given a bed the good wife's heart softened, and she was just going to
invite her inside, when the young men, whose heads were turned by the
girl's beauty, began to quarrel as to which should do most for her. From
words they came to blows, and the women, frightened at the disturbance,
pelted Téphany with insulting names. She quickly ran down the nearest
path, hoping to escape them in the darkness of the trees, but in an
instant she heard their footsteps behind her. Wild with fear her legs
trembled under her, when suddenly she bethought herself of her necklace.
With a violent effort she burst the clasp and flung it round the neck of
a pig which was grunting in a ditch, and as she did so she heard the
footsteps cease from pursuing her and run after the pig, for her charm
had vanished.
On she went, scarcely knowing where she was going, till she found
herself, to her surprise and joy, close to her aunt's house. For several
days she felt so tired and unhappy that she could hardly get through her
work, and to make matters worse Denis scarcely ever came near her.
'He was too busy,' he said, 'and really it was only rich people who
could afford to waste time in talking.'
As the days went on Téphany grew paler and paler, till everybody noticed
it except her aunt. The water-pot was almost too heavy for her now, but
morning and evening she carried it to the spring, though the effort to
lift it to her shoulder was often too much for her.
'How could I have been so foolish,' she whispered to herself, when she
went down as usual at sunset. 'It was not freedom to see Denis that I
should have asked for, for he was soon weary of me, nor a quick tongue,
for he was afraid of it, nor beauty, for that brought me nothing but
trouble, but riches which make life easy both for oneself and others.
Ah! if I only dared to beg this gift from the fairy, I should be wiser
than before and know how to choose better.'
'Be satisfied,' said the voice of the old woman, who seemed to be
standing unseen at Téphany's elbow. 'If you look in your right-hand
pocket when you go home you will find a small box. Rub your eyes with
the ointment it contains, and you will see that you yourself contain a
priceless treasure.'
Téphany did not in the least understand what she meant, but ran back to
the farm as fast as she could, and began to fumble joyfully in her
right-hand pocket. Sure enough, there was the little box with the
precious ointment. She was in the act of rubbing her eyes with it when
Barbaïk Bourhis entered the room. Ever since she had been obliged to
leave her work and pass her time, she did not know why, in counting
cabbages, everything had gone wrong, and she could not get a labourer to
stay with her because of her bad temper. When, therefore, she saw her
niece standing quietly before her mirror, Barbaïk broke out:
'So this is what you do when I am out in the fields! Ah! it is no wonder
if the farm is ruined. Are you not ashamed, girl, to behave so?'
Téphany tried to stammer some excuse, but her aunt was half mad with
rage, and a box on the ears was her only answer. At this Téphany, hurt,
bewildered and excited, could control herself no longer, and turning
away burst into tears. But what was her surprise when she saw that each
tear-drop was a round and shining pearl. Barbaïk, who also beheld this
marvel, uttered a cry of astonishment, and threw herself on her knees to
pick them up from the floor.
She was still gathering them when the door opened and in came Denis.
'Pearls! Are they really pearls?' he asked, falling on his knees also,
and looking up at Téphany he perceived others still more beautiful
rolling down the girl's cheeks.
'Take care not to let any of the neighbours hear of it, Denis,' said
Barbaïk. 'Of course you shall have your share, but nobody else shall get
a single one. Cry on, my dear, cry on,' she continued to Téphany. It is
for your good as well as ours,' and she held out her apron to catch
them, and Denis his hat.
But Téphany could hardly bear any more. She felt half choked at the
sight of their greediness, and wanted to rush from the hall, and though
Barbaïk caught her arm to prevent this, and said all sorts of tender
words which she thought would make the girl weep the more, Téphany with
a violent effort forced back her tears, and wiped her eyes.
'Is she finished already?' cried Barbaïk, in a tone of disappointment.
'Oh, try again, my dear. Do you think it would do any good to beat her a
little?' she added to Denis, who shook his head.
'That is enough for the first time. I will go into the town and find out
the value of each pearl.'
'Then I will go with you,' said Barbaïk, who never trusted any one and
was afraid of being cheated. So the two went out, leaving Téphany behind
them.
She sat quite still on her chair, her hands clasped tightly together, as
if she was forcing something back. At last she raised her eyes, which
had been fixed on the ground, and beheld the fairy standing in a dark
corner by the hearth, observing her with a mocking look. The girl
trembled and jumped up, then, taking the feather, the pin, and the box,
she held them out to the old woman.
'Here they are, all of them,' she cried; 'they belong to you. Let me
never see them again, but I have learned the lesson that they taught
me. Others may have riches, beauty and wit, but as for me I desire
nothing but to be the poor peasant girl I always was, working hard for
those she loves.'
'Yes, you have learned your lesson,' answered the fairy, 'and now you
shall lead a peaceful life and marry the man you love. For after all it
was not yourself you thought of but him.'
Never again did Téphany see the old woman, but she forgave Denis for
selling her tears, and in time he grew to be a good husband, who did his
own share of work.
From 'Le Foyer Breton,' par E. Souvestre.
Story DNA
Moral
True happiness and love are found not in external gifts or superficial qualities, but in genuine character, hard work, and contentment with one's true self.
Plot Summary
Téphany, a kind but poor girl, is forbidden by her miserly aunt from seeing her beloved Denis. A fairy grants her four magical gifts: a pin for freedom to meet Denis, a feather for wisdom to keep him interested, a necklace for beauty to attract him, and finally, the ability to cry pearls. Each gift, however, brings unforeseen negative consequences, leading to unhappiness, unwanted attention, and exploitation by her aunt and Denis. Disgusted by their greed, Téphany rejects all the gifts, choosing her true, simple self, and ultimately finds genuine happiness and a reformed Denis.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story is attributed to 'Le Foyer Breton' by E. Souvestre, a collection of Breton folk tales, reflecting local customs and beliefs.
Plot Beats (10)
- Barbaïk, a miserly farmer, forbids her niece Téphany from seeing poor day-laborer Denis.
- Heartbroken, Téphany encounters a fairy who gives her a magic pin that sends Barbaïk away to count cabbages, allowing Téphany to meet Denis.
- Denis grows bored with Téphany, so the fairy gives Téphany a magic feather for wisdom, making her witty but also sharp-tongued and driving Denis away.
- Téphany's wit attracts a nobleman, who tries to force her into marriage, but she uses the pin to escape.
- Téphany, now wishing for beauty, receives a magic necklace from the fairy, which makes her irresistibly beautiful but also causes chaos and conflict among men.
- Téphany loses the necklace to a pig while fleeing from fighting suitors, returning home exhausted and unhappy.
- Téphany, having experienced the downsides of all gifts, wishes for riches; the fairy gives her an ointment that reveals her tears are pearls.
- Barbaïk and Denis discover Téphany's pearl tears and greedily exploit her, urging her to cry more.
- Disgusted by their avarice, Téphany rejects all the magical gifts, returning them to the fairy and declaring her desire for a simple, honest life.
- The fairy confirms Téphany has learned her lesson and promises her a peaceful life and marriage to Denis, who eventually becomes a good husband.
Characters
Barbaïk Bourhis
Strong, weathered from farm work, likely stout
Attire: Simple, practical Breton peasant clothing: dark wool dress, apron, wooden sabots
Greedy, miserly, controlling
Téphany
Initially plain, later beautiful due to the necklace
Attire: Simple Breton peasant dress, later adorned with a copper pin and necklace
Kind, compassionate, initially naive but learns from her experiences
Denis
Strong, fit from farm labor
Attire: Simple work clothes of a Breton day laborer
Initially charming, later revealed to be shallow and greedy, but ultimately redeems himself
The Old Woman
Small, frail, but with piercing eyes
Attire: Ragged, simple clothing of a beggar
Wise, mysterious, helpful
Locations
Barbaïk Bourhis's Farm
Fields, dairy, cow-house, orchard, plot where cabbages grow
Mood: busy, industrious, greedy
Téphany is caught talking to Denis; Téphany cries pearls in the hall.
Riverbank
Path to the river, rocks on the bank
Mood: lonely, contemplative
Téphany meets the old woman and receives the copper pin.
Dark Corner by the Hearth
A dark corner by the hearth
Mood: magical, revelatory
Téphany returns the gifts to the fairy.