The Four Gifts

by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book

fairy tale moral tale hopeful Ages 8-14 3516 words 16 min read
Cover: The Four Gifts
Original Story 3516 words · 16 min read

THE FOUR GIFTS

IN the old land of Brittany, once called Cornwall, there lived a woman

named Barbaïk Bourhis, who spent all her days in looking after her farm

with the help of her niece Téphany. Early and late the two might be seen

in the fields or in the dairy, milking cows, making butter, feeding

fowls; working hard themselves and taking care that others worked too.

Perhaps it might have been better for Barbaïk if she had left herself a

little time to rest and to think about other things, for soon she grew

to love money for its own sake, and only gave herself and Téphany the

food and clothes they absolutely needed. And as for poor people, she

positively hated them, and declared that such lazy creatures had no

business in the world.

Well, this being the sort of person Barbaïk was, it is easy to guess at

her anger when one day she found Téphany talking outside the cow-house

to young Denis, who was nothing more than a day labourer from the

village of Plover. Seizing her niece by the arm, she pulled her sharply

away, exclaiming:

'Are you not ashamed, girl, to waste your time over a man who is as poor

as a rat, when there are a dozen more who would be only too happy to buy

you rings of silver, if you would let them?'

'Denis is a good workman, as you know very well,' answered Téphany, red

with anger, 'and he puts by money too, and soon he will be able to take

a farm for himself.'

'Nonsense,' cried Barbaïk, 'he will never save enough for a farm till he

is a hundred. I would sooner see you in your grave than the wife of a

man who carries his whole fortune on his back.'

'What does fortune matter when one is young and strong?' asked Téphany,

but her aunt, amazed at such words, would hardly let her finish.

'What does fortune matter?' repeated Barbaïk, in a shocked voice. 'Is it

possible that you are really so foolish as to despise money? If this is

what you learn from Denis, I forbid you to speak to him, and I will have

him turned out of the farm if he dares to show his face here again. Now

go and wash the clothes and spread them out to dry.'

   *       *       *       *       *

Téphany did not dare to disobey, but with a heavy heart went down the

path to the river.

'She is harder than these rocks,' said the girl to herself, 'yes, a

thousand times harder. For the rain at least can at last wear away the

stone, but you might cry for ever, and she would never care. Talking to

Denis is the only pleasure I have, and if I am not to see him I may as

well enter a convent.'

Thinking these thoughts she reached the bank, and began to unfold the

large packet of linen that had to be washed. The tap of a stick made her

look up, and standing before her she saw a little old woman, whose face

was strange to her.

'You would like to sit down and rest, granny?' asked Téphany, pushing

aside her bundle.

'When the sky is all the roof you have, you rest where you will,'

replied the old woman in trembling tones.

'Are you so lonely, then?' inquired Téphany, full of pity. 'Have you no

friends who would welcome you into their houses?'

The old woman shook her head.

'They all died long, long ago,' she answered, 'and the only friends I

have are strangers with kind hearts.'

The girl did not speak for a moment, then held out the small loaf and

some bacon intended for her dinner.

'Take this,' she said; 'to-day at any rate you shall dine well,' and the

old woman took it, gazing at Téphany the while.

'Those who help others deserve to be helped,' she answered; 'your eyes

are still red because that miser Barbaïk has forbidden you to speak to

the young man from Plover. But cheer up, you are a good girl, and I will

give you something that will enable you to see him once every day.'

'You?' cried Téphany, stupefied at discovering that the beggar knew all

about her affairs, but the old woman did not hear her.

'Take this long copper pin,' she went on, 'and every time you stick it

in your dress Mother Bourhis will be obliged to leave the house in order

to go and count her cabbages. As long as the pin is in your dress you

will be free, and your aunt will not come back until you have put it in

its case again.' Then, rising, she nodded to Téphany and vanished.

The girl stood where she was, as still as a stone. If it had not been

for the pin in her hands she would have thought she was dreaming. But by

that token she knew it was no common old woman who had given it to her,

but a fairy, wise in telling what would happen in the days to come. Then

suddenly Téphany's eyes fell on the clothes, and to make up for lost

time she began to wash them with great vigour.

   *       *       *       *       *

Next evening, at the moment when Denis was accustomed to wait for her in

the shadow of the cow-house, Téphany stuck the pin in her dress, and at

the very same instant Barbaïk took up her sabots or wooden shoes and

went through the orchard and past to the fields, to the plot where the

cabbages grew. With a heart as light as her footsteps, the girl ran from

the house, and spent her evening happily with Denis. And so it was for

many days after that. Then, at last, Téphany began to notice something,

and the something made her very sad.

At first Denis seemed to find the hours that they were together fly as

quickly as she did, but when he had taught her all the songs he knew,

and told her all the plans he had made for growing rich and a great man,

he had nothing more to say to her, for he, like a great many other

people, was fond of talking himself, but not of listening to any one

else. Sometimes, indeed, he never came at all, and the next evening he

would tell Téphany that he had been forced to go into the town on

business, but though she never reproached him she was not deceived and

saw plainly that he no longer cared for her as he used to do.

Day by day her heart grew heavier and her cheeks paler, and one evening,

when she had waited for him in vain, she put her water-pot on her

shoulder and went slowly down to the spring. On the path in front of her

stood the fairy who had given her the pin, and as she glanced at Téphany

she gave a little mischievous laugh and said:

'Why, my pretty maiden hardly looks happier than she did before, in

spite of meeting her lover whenever she pleases.'

'He has grown tired of me,' answered Téphany in a trembling voice, 'and

he makes excuses to stay away. Ah! granny dear, it is not enough to be

able to see him, I must be able to amuse him and to keep him with me. He

is so clever, you know. Help me to be clever too.'

'Is that what you want?' cried the old woman. 'Well, take this feather

and stick it in your hair, and you will be as wise as Solomon himself.'

Blushing with pleasure Téphany went home and stuck the feather into the

blue ribbon which girls always wear in that part of the country. In a

moment she heard Denis whistling gaily, and as her aunt was safely

counting her cabbages, she hurried out to meet him. The young man was

struck dumb by her talk. There was nothing that she did not seem to

know, and as for songs she not only could sing those from every part of

Britanny, but could compose them herself. Was this really the quiet

girl who had been so anxious to learn all he could teach her, or was it

somebody else? Perhaps she had gone suddenly mad, and there was an evil

spirit inside her. But in any case, night after night he came back, only

to find her growing wiser and wiser. Soon the neighbours whispered their

surprise among themselves, for Téphany had not been able to resist the

pleasure of putting the feather in her hair for some of the people who

despised her for her poor clothes, and many were the jokes she made

about them. Of course they heard of her jests, and shook their heads

saying:

'She is an ill-natured little cat, and the man that marries her will

find that it is she who will hold the reins and drive the horse.'

It was not long before Denis began to agree with them, and as he always

liked to be master wherever he went, he became afraid of Téphany's sharp

tongue, and instead of laughing as before when she made fun of other

people he grew red and uncomfortable, thinking that his turn would come

next.

   *       *       *       *       *

So matters went on till one evening Denis told Téphany that he really

could not stay a moment, as he had promised to go to a dance that was to

be held in the next village.

Téphany's face fell; she had worked hard all day, and had been counting

on a quiet hour with Denis. She did her best to persuade him to remain

with her, but he would not listen, and at last she grew angry.

'Oh, I know why you are so anxious not to miss the dance,' she said;

'it is because Azilicz of Penenru will be there.'

Now Azilicz was the loveliest girl for miles round, and she and Denis

had known each other from childhood.

'Oh yes, Azilicz will be there,' answered Denis, who was quite pleased

to see her jealous, 'and naturally one would go a long way to watch her

dance.'

'Go then!' cried Téphany, and entering the house she slammed the door

behind her.

Lonely and miserable she sat down by the fire and stared into the red

embers. Then, flinging the feather from her hair, she put her head on

her hands, and sobbed passionately.

'What is the use of being clever when it is beauty that men want? That

is what I ought to have asked for. But it is too late, Denis will never

come back.'

'Since you wish it so much you shall have beauty,' said a voice at her

side, and looking round she beheld the old woman leaning on her stick.

'Fasten this necklace round your neck, and as long as you wear it you

will be the most beautiful woman in the world,' continued the fairy.

With a little shriek of joy Téphany took the necklace, and snapping the

clasp ran to the mirror which hung in the corner. Ah, this time she

was not afraid of Azilicz or of any other girl, for surely none could be

as fair and white as she. And with the sight of her face a thought came

to her, and putting on hastily her best dress and her buckled shoes she

hurried off to the dance.

On the way she met a beautiful carriage with a young man seated in it.

'What a lovely maiden!' he exclaimed, as Téphany approached. 'Why, there

is not a girl in my own country that can be compared to her. She, and no

other, shall be my bride.'

The carriage was large and barred the narrow road, so Téphany was

forced, much against her will, to remain where she was. But she looked

the young man full in the face as she answered:

'Go your way, noble lord, and let me go mine. I am only a poor peasant

girl, accustomed to milk and make hay and spin.'

'Peasant you may be, but I will make you a great lady,' said he, taking

her hand and trying to lead her to the carriage.

'I don't want to be a great lady, I only want to be the wife of Denis,'

she replied, throwing off his hand and running to the ditch which

divided the road from the cornfield, where she hoped to hide. Unluckily

the young man guessed what she was doing, and signed to his attendants,

who seized her and put her in the coach. The door was banged, and the

horses whipped up into a gallop.

At the end of an hour they arrived at a splendid castle, and Téphany,

who would not move, was lifted out and carried into the hall, while a

priest was sent for to perform the marriage ceremony. The young man

tried to win a smile from her by telling of all the beautiful things she

should have as his wife, but Téphany did not listen to him, and looked

about to see if there was any means by which she could escape. It did

not seem easy. The three great doors were closely barred, and the one

through which she had entered shut with a spring, but her feather was

still in her hair, and by its aid she detected a crack in the wooden

panelling, through which a streak of light could be dimly seen. Touching

the copper pin which fastened her dress, the girl sent every one in the

hall to count the cabbages, while she herself passed through the little

door, not knowing whither she was going.

By this time night had fallen, and Téphany was very tired. Thankfully

she found herself at the gate of a convent, and asked if she might stay

there till morning. But the portress answered roughly that it was no

place for beggars, and bade her begone, so the poor girl dragged herself

slowly along the road, till a light and the bark of a dog told her that

she was near a farm.

In front of the house was a group of people; two or three women and the

sons of the farmer. When their mother heard Téphany's request to be

given a bed the good wife's heart softened, and she was just going to

invite her inside, when the young men, whose heads were turned by the

girl's beauty, began to quarrel as to which should do most for her. From

words they came to blows, and the women, frightened at the disturbance,

pelted Téphany with insulting names. She quickly ran down the nearest

path, hoping to escape them in the darkness of the trees, but in an

instant she heard their footsteps behind her. Wild with fear her legs

trembled under her, when suddenly she bethought herself of her necklace.

With a violent effort she burst the clasp and flung it round the neck of

a pig which was grunting in a ditch, and as she did so she heard the

footsteps cease from pursuing her and run after the pig, for her charm

had vanished.

On she went, scarcely knowing where she was going, till she found

herself, to her surprise and joy, close to her aunt's house. For several

days she felt so tired and unhappy that she could hardly get through her

work, and to make matters worse Denis scarcely ever came near her.

'He was too busy,' he said, 'and really it was only rich people who

could afford to waste time in talking.'

As the days went on Téphany grew paler and paler, till everybody noticed

it except her aunt. The water-pot was almost too heavy for her now, but

morning and evening she carried it to the spring, though the effort to

lift it to her shoulder was often too much for her.

'How could I have been so foolish,' she whispered to herself, when she

went down as usual at sunset. 'It was not freedom to see Denis that I

should have asked for, for he was soon weary of me, nor a quick tongue,

for he was afraid of it, nor beauty, for that brought me nothing but

trouble, but riches which make life easy both for oneself and others.

Ah! if I only dared to beg this gift from the fairy, I should be wiser

than before and know how to choose better.'

'Be satisfied,' said the voice of the old woman, who seemed to be

standing unseen at Téphany's elbow. 'If you look in your right-hand

pocket when you go home you will find a small box. Rub your eyes with

the ointment it contains, and you will see that you yourself contain a

priceless treasure.'

Téphany did not in the least understand what she meant, but ran back to

the farm as fast as she could, and began to fumble joyfully in her

right-hand pocket. Sure enough, there was the little box with the

precious ointment. She was in the act of rubbing her eyes with it when

Barbaïk Bourhis entered the room. Ever since she had been obliged to

leave her work and pass her time, she did not know why, in counting

cabbages, everything had gone wrong, and she could not get a labourer to

stay with her because of her bad temper. When, therefore, she saw her

niece standing quietly before her mirror, Barbaïk broke out:

'So this is what you do when I am out in the fields! Ah! it is no wonder

if the farm is ruined. Are you not ashamed, girl, to behave so?'

Téphany tried to stammer some excuse, but her aunt was half mad with

rage, and a box on the ears was her only answer. At this Téphany, hurt,

bewildered and excited, could control herself no longer, and turning

away burst into tears. But what was her surprise when she saw that each

tear-drop was a round and shining pearl. Barbaïk, who also beheld this

marvel, uttered a cry of astonishment, and threw herself on her knees to

pick them up from the floor.

She was still gathering them when the door opened and in came Denis.

'Pearls! Are they really pearls?' he asked, falling on his knees also,

and looking up at Téphany he perceived others still more beautiful

rolling down the girl's cheeks.

'Take care not to let any of the neighbours hear of it, Denis,' said

Barbaïk. 'Of course you shall have your share, but nobody else shall get

a single one. Cry on, my dear, cry on,' she continued to Téphany. It is

for your good as well as ours,' and she held out her apron to catch

them, and Denis his hat.

But Téphany could hardly bear any more. She felt half choked at the

sight of their greediness, and wanted to rush from the hall, and though

Barbaïk caught her arm to prevent this, and said all sorts of tender

words which she thought would make the girl weep the more, Téphany with

a violent effort forced back her tears, and wiped her eyes.

'Is she finished already?' cried Barbaïk, in a tone of disappointment.

'Oh, try again, my dear. Do you think it would do any good to beat her a

little?' she added to Denis, who shook his head.

'That is enough for the first time. I will go into the town and find out

the value of each pearl.'

'Then I will go with you,' said Barbaïk, who never trusted any one and

was afraid of being cheated. So the two went out, leaving Téphany behind

them.

She sat quite still on her chair, her hands clasped tightly together, as

if she was forcing something back. At last she raised her eyes, which

had been fixed on the ground, and beheld the fairy standing in a dark

corner by the hearth, observing her with a mocking look. The girl

trembled and jumped up, then, taking the feather, the pin, and the box,

she held them out to the old woman.

'Here they are, all of them,' she cried; 'they belong to you. Let me

never see them again, but I have learned the lesson that they taught

me. Others may have riches, beauty and wit, but as for me I desire

nothing but to be the poor peasant girl I always was, working hard for

those she loves.'

'Yes, you have learned your lesson,' answered the fairy, 'and now you

shall lead a peaceful life and marry the man you love. For after all it

was not yourself you thought of but him.'

Never again did Téphany see the old woman, but she forgave Denis for

selling her tears, and in time he grew to be a good husband, who did his

own share of work.

From 'Le Foyer Breton,' par E. Souvestre.

Story DNA

Moral

True happiness and love are found not in external gifts or superficial qualities, but in genuine character, hard work, and contentment with one's true self.

Plot Summary

Téphany, a kind but poor girl, is forbidden by her miserly aunt from seeing her beloved Denis. A fairy grants her four magical gifts: a pin for freedom to meet Denis, a feather for wisdom to keep him interested, a necklace for beauty to attract him, and finally, the ability to cry pearls. Each gift, however, brings unforeseen negative consequences, leading to unhappiness, unwanted attention, and exploitation by her aunt and Denis. Disgusted by their greed, Téphany rejects all the gifts, choosing her true, simple self, and ultimately finds genuine happiness and a reformed Denis.

Themes

greed vs. contentmenttrue love vs. superficial attractionthe nature of happinessself-discovery

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three (gifts), direct address to reader (e.g., "Well, this being the sort of person Barbaïk was...")

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: moral justice
Magic: fairy godmother figure, magic pin (causes aunt to leave), magic feather (grants wisdom), magic necklace (grants beauty), magic ointment (reveals pearl tears)
the four gifts (pin, feather, necklace, pearl tears) representing superficial desirescabbages (symbolizing Barbaïk's miserly focus)

Cultural Context

Origin: French (Brittany)
Era: timeless fairy tale

The story is attributed to 'Le Foyer Breton' by E. Souvestre, a collection of Breton folk tales, reflecting local customs and beliefs.

Plot Beats (10)

  1. Barbaïk, a miserly farmer, forbids her niece Téphany from seeing poor day-laborer Denis.
  2. Heartbroken, Téphany encounters a fairy who gives her a magic pin that sends Barbaïk away to count cabbages, allowing Téphany to meet Denis.
  3. Denis grows bored with Téphany, so the fairy gives Téphany a magic feather for wisdom, making her witty but also sharp-tongued and driving Denis away.
  4. Téphany's wit attracts a nobleman, who tries to force her into marriage, but she uses the pin to escape.
  5. Téphany, now wishing for beauty, receives a magic necklace from the fairy, which makes her irresistibly beautiful but also causes chaos and conflict among men.
  6. Téphany loses the necklace to a pig while fleeing from fighting suitors, returning home exhausted and unhappy.
  7. Téphany, having experienced the downsides of all gifts, wishes for riches; the fairy gives her an ointment that reveals her tears are pearls.
  8. Barbaïk and Denis discover Téphany's pearl tears and greedily exploit her, urging her to cry more.
  9. Disgusted by their avarice, Téphany rejects all the magical gifts, returning them to the fairy and declaring her desire for a simple, honest life.
  10. The fairy confirms Téphany has learned her lesson and promises her a peaceful life and marriage to Denis, who eventually becomes a good husband.

Characters

👤

Barbaïk Bourhis

human adult female

Strong, weathered from farm work, likely stout

Attire: Simple, practical Breton peasant clothing: dark wool dress, apron, wooden sabots

Counting cabbages obsessively

Greedy, miserly, controlling

👤

Téphany

human young adult female

Initially plain, later beautiful due to the necklace

Attire: Simple Breton peasant dress, later adorned with a copper pin and necklace

Tears turning into pearls

Kind, compassionate, initially naive but learns from her experiences

👤

Denis

human young adult male

Strong, fit from farm labor

Attire: Simple work clothes of a Breton day laborer

Holding out his hat to catch pearls

Initially charming, later revealed to be shallow and greedy, but ultimately redeems himself

✦

The Old Woman

magical creature elderly female

Small, frail, but with piercing eyes

Attire: Ragged, simple clothing of a beggar

Appearing and disappearing unexpectedly

Wise, mysterious, helpful

Locations

Barbaïk Bourhis's Farm

outdoor

Fields, dairy, cow-house, orchard, plot where cabbages grow

Mood: busy, industrious, greedy

Téphany is caught talking to Denis; Téphany cries pearls in the hall.

fields dairy cows cabbages orchard

Riverbank

outdoor

Path to the river, rocks on the bank

Mood: lonely, contemplative

Téphany meets the old woman and receives the copper pin.

river rocks path linen

Dark Corner by the Hearth

indoor

A dark corner by the hearth

Mood: magical, revelatory

Téphany returns the gifts to the fairy.

hearth shadows fire