The Ring of the Waterfalls
by Andrew Lang · from The Lilac Fairy Book
Original Story
of.'
Now this was exactly what the landlady, who was very curious, wanted to
find out; but she put on a look of great alarm, and exclaimed:
'Oh, dear! I hope I have not made mischief. I had no idea--or, of
course, I would not have spoken--but'----and here she stopped and
fumbled with her apron, as if she was greatly embarrassed.
'As you have said so much you will have to say a little more,' retorted
the old man, a suspicion of what she meant darting across him; and the
woman, nothing loth, answered as before.
'Ah, it was not all for buying or selling that your handsome son has
been coming to town every week these many months past. And not by the
shortest way, either! No, it was over the river he rode, and across the
hill and past the cottage of Miguel the vine-keeper, whose daughter,
they say, is the prettiest girl in the whole country side, though she is
too white for my taste,' and then the landlady paused again, and
glanced up at the farmer, to see how he was taking it. She did not learn
much. He was looking straight before him, his teeth set. But as she
ceased to talk, he said quietly, 'Go on.'
'There is not much more to tell,' replied the landlady, for she suddenly
remembered that she must prepare supper for the hungry men who always
stopped at the inn on market days, before starting for home, 'but one
fine morning they both went to the little church on top of the hill, and
were married. My cousin is servant to the priest, and she found out
about it and told me. But good-day to you, sir; here is your horse, and
I must hurry off to the kitchen.'
It was lucky that the horse was sure-footed and knew the road, for his
bridle hung loose on his neck, and his master took no heed of the way he
was going. When the farm-house was reached, the man led the animal to
his stable, and then went to look for his son.
'I know everything--you have deceived me. Get out of my sight at once--I
have done with you,' he stammered, choking with passion as he came up to
the young man, who was cutting a stick in front of the door, whistling
gaily the while.
'But, father----'
'You are no son of mine; I have only one now. Begone, or it will be the
worse for you,' and as he spoke he lifted up his whip.
The young man shrank back. He feared lest his father should fall down in
a fit, his face was so red and his eyes seemed bursting from his head.
But it was no use staying: perhaps next morning the old man might listen
to reason, though in his heart the son felt that he would never take
back his words. So he turned slowly away, and walked heavily along a
path which ended in a cave on the side of the hill, and there he sat
through the night, thinking of what had happened.
Yes, he had been wrong, there was no doubt of that, and he did not
quite know how it had come about. He had meant to have told his father
all about it, and he was sure, quite sure, that if once the old man
had seen his wife, he would have forgiven her poverty on account of her
great beauty and goodness. But he had put it off from day to day, hoping
always for a better opportunity, and now this was the end!
* * * * *
If the son had no sleep that night, no more had the father, and as soon
as the sun rose, he sent a messenger into the great city with orders to
bring back the younger brother. When he arrived the farmer did not waste
words, but informed him that he was now his only heir, and would inherit
all his lands and money, and that he was to come and live at home, and
to help manage the property.
Though very pleased at the thought of becoming such a rich man--for the
brothers had never cared much for each other--the younger would rather
have stayed where he was, for he soon got tired of the country, and
longed for a town life. However, this he kept to himself, and made the
best of things, working hard like his brother before him.
In this way the years went on, but the crops were not so good as they
had been, and the old man gave orders that some fine houses he was
building in the city should be left unfinished, for it would take all
his savings to complete them. As to the elder son, he would never even
hear his name mentioned, and died at last without ever seeing his face,
leaving to the younger as he had promised, all his lands, as well as his
money.
* * * * *
Meanwhile, the son whom he had disinherited had grown poorer and poorer.
He and his wife were always looking out for something to do, and never
spent a penny that they could help, but luck was against them, and at
the time of his father's death they had hardly bread to eat or clothes
to cover them. If there had been only himself, he would have managed to
get on somehow, but he could not bear to watch his children becoming
weaker day by day, and swallowing his pride, at length he crossed the
mountains to his old home where his brother was living.
It was the first time for long that the two men had come face to face,
and they looked at each other in silence. Then tears rose in the eyes of
the elder, but winking them hastily away, he said:
'Brother, it is not needful that I should tell you how poor I am; you
can see that for yourself. I have not come to beg for money, but only to
ask if you will give me those unfinished houses of yours in the city,
and I will make them water-tight, so that my wife and children can live
in them, and that will save our rent. For as they are, they profit you
nothing.'
And the younger brother listened and pitied him, and gave him the houses
that he asked for, and the elder went away happy.
* * * * *
For some years things went on as they were, and then the rich brother
began to feel lonely, and thought to himself that he was getting older,
and it was time for him to be married. The wife he chose was very
wealthy, but she was also very greedy, and however much she had, she
always wanted more. She was, besides, one of those unfortunate people
who invariably fancy that the possessions of other people must be better
than their own. Many a time her poor husband regretted the day that he
had first seen her, and often her meanness and shabby ways put him to
shame. But he had not the courage to rule her, and she only got worse
and worse.
After she had been married a few months the bride wanted to go into the
city and buy herself some new dresses. She had never been there before,
and when she had finished her shopping, she thought she would pay a
visit to her unknown sister-in-law, and rest for a bit. The house she
was seeking was in a broad street, and ought to have been very
magnificent, but the carved stone portico enclosed a mean little door of
rough wood, while a row of beautiful pillars led to nothing. The
dwellings on each side were in the same unfinished condition, and water
trickled down the walls. Most people would have considered it a wretched
place, and turned their backs on it as soon as they could, but this lady
saw that by spending some money the houses could be made as splendid as
they were originally intended to be, and she instantly resolved to get
them for herself.
Full of this idea she walked up the marble staircase, and entered the
little room where her sister-in-law sat making clothes for her
children. The bride seemed full of interest in the houses, and asked a
great many questions about them, so that her new relations liked her
much better than they expected, and hoped they might be good friends.
However, as soon as she reached home, she went straight to her husband,
and told him that he must get back those houses from his brother, as
they would exactly suit her, and she could easily make them into a
palace as fine as the king's. But her husband only told her that she
might buy houses in some other part of the town, for she could not have
those, as he had long since made a gift of them to his brother, who had
lived there for many years past.
At this answer the wife grew very angry. She began to cry, and made such
a noise that all the neighbours heard her and put their heads out of the
windows, to see what was the matter. 'It was absurd,' she sobbed out,
'quite unjust. Indeed, if you came to think of it, the gift was worth
nothing, as when her husband made it he was a bachelor, and since then
he had been married, and she had never given her consent to any such
thing.' And so she lamented all day and all night, till the poor man was
nearly worried to death; and at last he did what she wished, and
summoned his brother in a court of law to give up the houses which, he
said, had only been lent to him. But when the evidence on both sides had
been heard, the judge decided in favour of the poor man, which made the
rich lady more furious than ever, and she determined not to rest until
she had gained the day. If one judge would not give her the houses
another should, and so time after time the case was tried over again,
till at last it came before the highest judge of all, in the city of
Evora. Her husband was heartily tired and ashamed of the whole affair,
but his weakness in not putting a stop to it in the beginning had got
him into this difficulty, and now he was forced to go on.
On the same day the two brothers set out on their journey to the city,
the rich one on horseback, with plenty of food in his knapsack, the poor
one on foot with nothing but a piece of bread and four onions to eat on
the way. The road was hilly and neither could go very fast, and when
night fell, they were both glad to see some lights in a window a little
distance in front of them.
The lights turned out to have been placed there by a farmer, who had
planned to have a particularly good supper as it was his wife's
birthday, and bade the rich man enter and sit down, while he himself
took the horse to the stable. The poor man asked timidly if he might
spend the night in a corner, adding that he had brought his own supper
with him. Another time permission might have been refused him, for the
farmer was no lover of humble folk, but now he gave the elder brother
leave to come in, pointing out a wooden chair where he could sit.
Supper was soon served, and very glad the younger brother was to eat it,
for his long ride had made him very hungry. The farmer's wife, however,
would touch nothing, and at last declared that the only supper she
wanted was one of the onions the poor man was cooking at the fire. Of
course he gave it to her, though he would gladly have eaten it himself,
as three onions are not much at the end of a long day's walk, and soon
after they all went to sleep, the poor man making himself as comfortable
as he could in his corner.
* * * * *
A few hours later the farmer was aroused by the cries and groans of his
wife.
'Oh, I feel so ill, I'm sure I'm going to die,' wept she. 'It was that
onion, I know it was. I wish I had never eaten it. It must have been
poisoned.'
'If the man has poisoned you he shall pay for it,' said her husband, and
seizing a thick stick he ran downstairs and began to beat the poor man,
who had been sound asleep, and had nothing to defend himself with.
Luckily, the noise aroused the younger brother, who jumped up and
snatched the stick from the farmer's hand, saying:
'We are both going to Evora to try a law-suit. Come too, and accuse him
there if he has attempted to rob you or murder you, but don't kill him
now, or you will get yourself into trouble.'
'Well, perhaps you are right,' answered the farmer, 'but the sooner that
fellow has his deserts, the better I shall be pleased,' and without more
words he went to the stables and brought out a horse for himself and
also the black Andalusian mare ridden by the rich man, while the poor
brother, fearing more ill-treatment, started at once on foot.
* * * * *
Now all that night it had rained heavily, and did not seem likely to
stop, and in some places the road was so thick with mud that it was
almost impossible to get across it. In one spot it was so very bad that
a mule laden with baggage had got stuck in it, and tug as he might, his
master was quite unable to pull him out. The muleteer in despair
appealed to the two horsemen, who were carefully skirting the swamp at
some distance off, but they paid no heed to his cries, and he began to
talk cheerfully to his mule, hoping to keep up his spirits, declaring
that if the poor beast would only have a little patience help was sure
to come.
And so it did, for very soon the poor brother reached the place,
bespattered with mud from head to foot, but ready to do all he could to
help the mule and his master. First they set about finding some stout
logs of wood to lay down on the marsh so that they could reach the mule,
for by this time his frantic struggles had broken his bridle, and he was
deeper in than ever. Stepping cautiously along the wood, the poor man
contrived to lay hold of the animal's tail, and with a desperate effort
the mule managed to regain his footing on dry ground, but at the cost of
leaving his tail in the poor man's hand. When he saw this the muleteer's
anger knew no bounds, and forgetting that without the help given him he
would have lost his mule altogether, he began to abuse the poor man,
declaring that he had ruined his beast, and the law would make him pay
for it. Then, jumping on the back of the mule, which was so glad to be
out of the choking mud that he did not seem to mind the loss of his
tail, the ungrateful wretch rode on, and that evening reached the inn at
Evora, where the rich man and the farmer had already arrived for the
night.
Meanwhile the poor brother walked wearily along, wondering what other
dreadful adventures were in store for him.
'I shall certainly be condemned for one or other of them,' thought he
sadly; 'and after all, if I have to die, I would rather choose my own
death than leave it to my enemies,' and as soon as he entered Evora he
looked about for a place suitable for carrying out the plan he had made.
At length he found what he sought, but as it was too late and too dark
for him to make sure of success, he curled himself up under a doorway,
and slept till morning.
* * * * *
Although it was winter, the sun rose in a clear sky, and its rays felt
almost warm when the poor man got up and shook himself. He intended it
to be the day of his death, but in spite of that, and of the fact that
he was leaving his wife and children behind him, he felt almost
cheerful. He had struggled so long, and was so very, very tired; but he
would not have minded that if he could have proved his innocence, and
triumphed over his enemies. However, they had all been too clever for
him, and he had no strength to fight any more. So he mounted the stone
steps that led to the battlements of the city, and stopped for a moment
to gaze about him.
It happened that an old sick man who lived near by had begged to be
carried out and to be laid at the foot of the wall so that the beams of
the rising sun might fall upon him, and he would be able to talk with
his friends as they passed by to their work. Little did he guess that on
top of the battlements, exactly over his head, stood a man who was
taking his last look at the same sun, before going to his death that
awaited him. But so it was; and as the steeple opposite was touched by
the golden light, the poor man shut his eyes and sprang forward. The
wall was high, and he flew rapidly through the air, but it was not the
ground he touched, only the body of the sick man, who rolled over and
died without a groan. As for the other, he was quite unhurt, and was
slowly rising to his feet when his arms were suddenly seized and held.
'You have killed our father, do you see? do you see?' cried two young
men, 'and you will come with us this instant before the judge, and
answer for it.'
'Your father? but I don't know him. What do you mean?' asked the poor
man, who was quite bewildered with his sudden rush through the air, and
could not think why he should be accused of this fresh crime. But he got
no reply, and was only hurried through the streets to the court-house,
where his brother, the muleteer, and the farmer had just arrived, all as
angry as ever, all talking at once, till the judge entered and ordered
them to be silent.
'I will hear you one by one,' he said, and motioned the younger brother
to begin.
He did not take long to state his case. The unfinished houses were his,
left him with the rest of the property by his father, and his brother
refused to give them up. In answer, the poor man told, in a few words,
how he had begged the houses from his brother, and produced the deed of
gift which made him their owner.
The judge listened quietly and asked a few questions; then he gave his
verdict.
'The houses shall remain the property of the man to whom they were
given, and to whom they belong. And as you,' he added, turning to the
younger brother, 'brought this accusation knowing full well it was
wicked and unjust, I order you, besides losing the houses, to pay a
thousand pounds damages to your brother.'
The rich man heard the judge with rage in his heart, the poor man with
surprise and gratitude. But he was not safe yet, for now it was the turn
of the farmer. The judge could hardly conceal a smile at the story, and
inquired if the wife was dead before the farmer left the house, and
received for answer that he was in such a hurry for justice to be done
that he had not waited to see. Then the poor man told his tale, and once
more judgment was given in his favour, while twelve hundred pounds was
ordered to be paid him. As for the muleteer, he was informed very
plainly that he had proved himself mean and ungrateful for the help that
had been given him, and as a punishment he must pay to the poor man a
fine of fifty pounds, and hand him over the mule till his tail had grown
again.
Lastly, there came the two sons of the sick man.
'This is the wretch who killed our father,' they said, 'and we demand
that he should die also.'
'How did you kill him?' asked the judge, turning to the accused, and the
poor man told how he had leaped from the wall, not knowing that anyone
was beneath.
'Well, this is my judgment,' replied the judge, when they had all
spoken: 'Let the accused sit under the wall, and let the sons of the
dead man jump from the top and fall on him and kill him, and if they
will not do this, then they are condemned to pay eight hundred pounds
for their false accusation.'
The young men looked at each other, and slowly shook their heads.
'We will pay the fine,' said they, and the judge nodded.
So the poor man rode the mule home, and brought back to his family
enough money to keep them in comfort to the end of their days.
Adapted from the Portuguese.
Story DNA
Moral
Goodness and perseverance will eventually be rewarded, while greed and injustice will lead to their own downfall.
Plot Summary
An old farmer disinherits his elder son for marrying a poor woman, leaving him to struggle in poverty while his younger brother inherits everything. Years later, the elder son receives unfinished houses from his now-wealthy brother, but the younger brother's greedy wife demands them back, leading to a series of false accusations against the elder son, including theft, property damage, and accidental murder. Despairing, the elder son attempts suicide but survives, only to face all his accusers in court. A wise judge hears each case, clears the elder son of all charges, and orders his accusers to pay him significant compensation, allowing him to return home wealthy and provide for his family.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story reflects societal values where family wealth and reputation were paramount, and legal recourse, though sometimes flawed, was the ultimate arbiter of disputes.
Plot Beats (15)
- A landlady gossips to an old farmer about his elder son's secret marriage to a poor but beautiful woman.
- Enraged, the farmer disinherits his elder son and banishes him, declaring the younger son his sole heir.
- The elder son and his family live in extreme poverty, while the younger son becomes wealthy but lonely.
- The elder son, desperate, asks his younger brother for the unfinished houses his father had started building, which are granted out of pity.
- The younger brother marries a greedy woman who, upon seeing the elder brother's now-improved houses, demands her husband reclaim them.
- The younger brother, swayed by his wife, falsely accuses the elder brother of stealing the houses and beats him, forcing him to flee.
- The elder brother, on his way to Evora for a lawsuit, helps a muleteer whose mule is stuck, but the mule's tail breaks off, leading to another false accusation.
- Despairing, the elder brother attempts suicide by jumping from a city wall, but lands on and accidentally kills a sick old man below.
- The sick man's sons accuse the elder brother of murder, adding to his growing list of false charges.
- All parties (younger brother, farmer, muleteer, sick man's sons) arrive at court in Evora to accuse the poor brother.
- The judge hears the case of the houses, rules in favor of the elder brother, and orders the younger brother to pay damages.
- The judge hears the case of the farmer's alleged theft, rules in favor of the elder brother, and orders the farmer to pay damages.
- The judge hears the muleteer's accusation, rules in favor of the elder brother, fines the muleteer, and orders him to return the mule until its tail regrows.
- The judge hears the murder accusation, offers the sick man's sons the choice to jump on the accused or pay a fine; they choose the fine.
- The elder brother returns home with his mule and newfound wealth, ensuring his family's comfort for life.
Characters
Elder Son
Handsome
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, appropriate for farm work
Kind, unlucky
Younger Son
Not described
Attire: Initially city clothes, later farm clothes, then finer clothes befitting his wealth
Greedy, envious
Farmer (Father)
Strong, weathered
Attire: Typical farmer's attire
Stern, proud
Landlady
Curious
Attire: Innkeeper's apron
Gossipy, meddling
Miguel's Daughter
Beautiful, 'too white' (pale)
Attire: Simple peasant dress
Good, virtuous
Judge
Not described
Attire: Judicial robes
Wise, fair
Muleteer
Not described
Attire: Muleteer's clothing
Ungrateful, angry
Sick Old Man
Frail, sick
Attire: Simple clothes
Peaceful, accepting
Locations
Landlady's Inn
A bustling inn where hungry men stop on market days before heading home. A place for gossip and news.
Mood: busy, curious, gossipy
The father learns of his son's marriage.
Farmhouse
A traditional farmhouse with a stable. A place of family and work.
Mood: initially peaceful, then filled with anger and rejection
The father disowns his son.
Cave on the Hillside
A dark, secluded cave on the side of a hill, reached by a path.
Mood: desolate, reflective, sorrowful
The disinherited son spends a sleepless night contemplating his situation.
City Battlements in Evora
Stone steps leading to the battlements of the city, high walls overlooking the city.
Mood: desperate, resigned, almost cheerful
The poor man attempts suicide.
Court-house in Evora
A formal court-house where justice is dispensed.
Mood: tense, formal, judgmental
The poor man is judged and vindicated.