The Billy Goat and the King

by Andrew Lang · from The Olive Fairy Book

fairy tale moral tale whimsical Ages 8-14 1195 words 6 min read
Cover: The Billy Goat and the King
Original Story 1195 words · 6 min read

THE BILLY GOAT AND THE KING

Once there lived a certain king who understood the language of all

birds and beasts and insects. This knowledge had of course been given

him by a fairy godmother; but it was rather a troublesome present, for

he knew that if he were ever to reveal anything he had thus learned he

would turn into a stone. How he managed to avoid doing so long before

this story opens I cannot say, but he had safely grown up to manhood,

and married a wife, and was as happy as monarchs generally are.

This king, I must tell you, was a Hindu; and when a Hindu eats his

food he has a nice little place on the ground freshly plastered with

mud, and he sits in the middle of it with very few clothes on--which

is quite a different way from ours.

Well, one day the king was eating his dinner in just such a nice,

clean, mud-plastered spot, and his wife was sitting opposite to wait

upon him and keep him company. As he ate he dropped some grains of

rice upon the ground, and a little ant, who was running about seeking

a living, seized upon one of the grains and bore it off towards his

hole. Just outside the king's circle this ant met another ant, and the

king heard the second one say:

'Oh, dear friend, do give me that grain of rice, and get another one

for yourself. You see my boots are so dirty that, if I were to go upon

the king's eating place, I should defile it, and I can't do that, it

would be so very rude.'

But the owner of the grain of rice only replied:

'If you want rice go and get it. No one will notice your dirty boots;

and you don't suppose that I am going to carry rice for all our

kindred?'

Then the king laughed.

The queen looked at herself up and down, but she could not see or feel

anything in her appearance to make the king laugh, so she said:

'What are you laughing at?'

'Did I laugh?' replied the king.

'Of course you did,' retorted the queen; 'and if you think that I am

ridiculous I wish you would say so, instead of behaving in that stupid

way! What are you laughing at?'

'I'm not laughing at anything,' answered the king.

'Very well, but you did laugh, and I want to know why.'

'Well, I'm afraid I can't tell you,' said the king.

'You must tell me,' replied the queen impatiently. 'If you laugh

when there's nothing to laugh at you must be ill or mad. What is the

matter?'

Still the king refused to say, and still the queen declared that she

must and would know. For days the quarrel went on, and the queen gave

her husband no rest, until at last the poor man was almost out of his

wits, and thought that, as life had become for him hardly worth living

while this went on, he might as well tell her the secret and take the

consequences.

'But,' thought he, 'if I am to become a stone, I am not going to lie,

if I can help it, on some dusty highway, to be kicked here and there

by man and beast, flung at dogs, be used as the plaything of naughty

children, and become generally restless and miserable. I will be a

stone at the bottom of the cool river, and roll gently about there

until I find some secure resting-place where I can stay for ever.'

So he told his wife that if she would ride with him to the middle of

the river he would tell her what he had laughed at. She thought he

was joking, and laughingly agreed; their horses were ordered and they

set out.

[Illustration: THE KING LAUGHS AT THE BILLYGOAT]

On the way they came to a fine well beneath the shade of some lofty,

wide-spreading trees, and the king proposed that they should get off

and rest a little, drink some of the cool water, and then pass on. To

this the queen consented; so they dismounted and sat down in the

shade by the well-side to rest.

It happened that an old goat and his wife were browsing in the

neighbourhood, and, as the king and queen sat there, the nanny goat

came to the well's brink and peering over saw some lovely green leaves

that sprang in tender shoots out of the side of the well.

'Oh!' cried she to her husband, 'come quickly and look. Here are some

leaves which make my mouth water; come and get them for me!'

Then the billy goat sauntered up and looked over, and after that he

eyed his wife a little crossly.

'You expect me to get you those leaves, do you? I suppose you don't

consider how in the world I am to reach them? You don't seem to think

at all; if you did you would know that if I tried to reach those

leaves I should fall into the well and be drowned!'

'Oh,' cried the nanny goat, 'why should you fall in? Do try and get

them!'

'I am not going to be so silly,' replied the billy goat.

But the nanny goat still wept and entreated.

'Look here,' said her husband, 'there are plenty of fools in the

world, but I am not one of them. This silly king here, because he

can't cure his wife of asking questions, is going to throw his life

away. But I know how to cure you of your follies, and I'm going to.'

And with that he butted the nanny goat so severely that in two minutes

she was submissively feeding somewhere else, and had made up her mind

that the leaves in the well were not worth having.

Then the king, who had understood every word, laughed once more.

The queen looked at him suspiciously, but the king got up and walked

across to where she sat.

'Are you still determined to find out what I was laughing at the other

day?' he asked.

'Quite,' answered the queen angrily.

'Because,' said the king, tapping his leg with his riding whip, 'I've

made up my mind not to tell you, and moreover, I have made up my mind

to stop you mentioning the subject any more.'

'What do you mean?' asked the queen nervously.

'Well,' replied the king, 'I notice that if that goat is displeased

with his wife, he just butts her, and that seems to settle the

question----'

'Do you mean to say you would beat me?' cried the queen.

'I should be extremely sorry to have to do so,' replied the king; 'but

I have got to persuade you to go home quietly, and to ask no more

silly questions when I say I cannot answer them. Of course, if you

will persist, why----'

And the queen went home, and so did the king; and it is said that they

are both happier and wiser than ever before.

(Punjâbi Story, Major Campbell, Feroshepore)


Story DNA

Moral

Unchecked curiosity and insistence on knowing secrets can lead to strife, and sometimes a firm hand is needed to restore peace.

Plot Summary

A king with the magical ability to understand animals is cursed to turn to stone if he reveals his secret. When he laughs at an ant conversation, his queen relentlessly demands to know why, pushing him to the brink of revealing his secret and accepting his fate. On their way to the river where he plans to transform, they witness a billy goat firmly putting his demanding wife in her place. Inspired, the king confronts his queen, refusing to tell her his secret and asserting his authority, leading to a more peaceful and wise marital relationship.

Themes

communicationcuriosity and its consequencesmarital dynamicswisdom vs. folly

Emotional Arc

peace to conflict to resolution

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: direct address to reader, rule of three (king's laughs)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person
Ending: moral justice
Magic: understanding animal language, transformation into stone as a curse
the king's laughter (symbol of hidden knowledge/amusement)the well (a place of revelation/reflection)the billy goat (symbol of pragmatic, firm authority)

Cultural Context

Origin: Indian (Punjabi)
Era: timeless fairy tale

The story is attributed to Major Campbell from Feroshepore, suggesting a British colonial-era collection of local folklore. The specific eating customs described are indicative of traditional Hindu practices.

Plot Beats (13)

  1. A king has the magical ability to understand animals but is cursed to turn to stone if he reveals it.
  2. While eating, the king overhears a conversation between two ants about dirty boots and rice, and he laughs.
  3. The queen, seeing no reason for his laughter, demands to know what he found amusing.
  4. The king refuses to tell her, leading to a prolonged quarrel and the queen's relentless insistence.
  5. Driven to despair, the king decides to reveal his secret and accept his fate, planning to do so in the middle of a river.
  6. On their way to the river, they stop at a well to rest.
  7. They overhear a nanny goat demanding her husband, a billy goat, retrieve leaves from inside the well.
  8. The billy goat refuses, explaining the danger, and then butts his wife into submission for her foolishness.
  9. The king, understanding the goat's actions, laughs again.
  10. The king confronts the queen, asking if she is still determined to know his secret.
  11. The king, inspired by the billy goat, tells the queen he will not tell her and will not tolerate further questioning on the matter.
  12. The king implies he might use physical force, like the goat, if she persists.
  13. The queen, intimidated, goes home quietly, and they both become happier and wiser.

Characters

👤

The King

human adult male

Hindu, eats food in a freshly plastered mud circle with few clothes on

Attire: Very few clothes while eating, likely royal attire otherwise

Sitting in a mud circle eating rice

Kind, patient, but ultimately assertive and clever

👤

The Queen

human adult female

No specific details given

Attire: Royal attire appropriate for a Hindu queen

Suspiciously questioning the King

Inquisitive, persistent, demanding

🐾

The Billy Goat

animal adult male

Old, strong enough to butt his wife severely

Butting his wife near the well

Practical, assertive, not easily manipulated

🐾

The Nanny Goat

animal adult female

Desires green leaves in the well

Peering longingly into the well

Demanding, persistent, easily subdued

✦

First Ant

insect adult unknown

Carrying a grain of rice

Clutching a grain of rice

Selfish, unwilling to share

✦

Second Ant

insect adult unknown

Has dirty boots

Attire: Dirty boots

Tiny dirty boots

Polite, considerate

Locations

King's eating place

outdoor Implied warm climate

A nice little place on the ground freshly plastered with mud

Mood: Clean, ritualistic

The king overhears the ants talking and laughs, sparking the conflict with the queen.

mud-plastered ground grains of rice ants

Well beneath trees

outdoor

A fine well beneath the shade of some lofty, wide-spreading trees

Mood: Peaceful, shady

The king and queen stop to rest, and the king overhears the goats, giving him an idea how to handle the queen.

well lofty trees green leaves in the well nanny goat billy goat

Bottom of the cool river

outdoor

Cool riverbed

Mood: Cool, secure, permanent

The king imagines his fate if he reveals the secret.

riverbed stones water