The Steel Cane

by Andrew Lang · from The Olive Fairy Book

fairy tale transformation solemn Ages 8-14 1148 words 5 min read
Cover: The Steel Cane
Original Story 1148 words · 5 min read

THE STEEL CANE

Once upon a time there lived an old woman who had a small cottage on

the edge of the forest. Behind the cottage was a garden in which all

sorts of vegetables grew, and, beyond that, a field with two or three

cows in it, so her neighbours considered her quite rich, and envied

her greatly.

As long as she was strong enough to work all day in her garden the old

woman never felt lonely, but after a while she had a bad illness,

which left her much weaker than before, and she began to think that

now and then it would be nice to have some one to speak to. Just at

this moment she heard of the death of a shepherd and his wife, who

dwelt on the other side of the plain, leaving a little boy quite alone

in the world.

'That will just suit me,' she said; and sent a man over to bring the

child, whom she intended to adopt for her own.

Now the boy, who was about twelve years old, ought to have considered

himself very lucky, for his new mother was as kind to him as the old

one. But, unfortunately, he made friends with some bad rude companions

whose tricks caused them to be a terror to everyone, and the poor old

woman never ceased regretting her lost solitude.

Things went on in this way for some years, till the boy became a man.

'Perhaps, if he were to be married he might sober down,' she thought

to herself. And she inquired among the neighbours what girls there

were of an age to choose from. At length one was found, good and

industrious, as well as pretty; and as the young man raised no

objections the wedding took place at once, and the bride and

bridegroom went to live in the cottage with the old woman. But no

change was to be seen in the husband's conduct. All day long he was

out amusing himself in the company of his former friends, and if his

wife dared to say anything to him on his return home he beat her with

his stick. And next year, when a baby was born to them, he beat it

also.

At length the old woman's patience was worn out. She saw that it was

quite useless to expect the lazy, idle creature to mend his ways, and

one day she said to him:

'Do you mean to go on like this for ever? Remember, you are no longer

a boy, and it is time that you left off behaving like one. Come, shake

off your bad habits, and work for your wife and child, and above all,

stop beating them. If not I will transform you into an ass, and heavy

loads shall be piled on your back, and men shall ride you. Briars

shall be your food, a goad shall prick you, and in your turn you shall

know how it feels to be beaten.'

But if she expected her words to do any good she soon found out her

mistake, for the young man only grew angry and cried rudely:

'Bah! hold your tongue or I will whip you also.'

'Will you?' she answered grimly: and, swift as lightning she picked

up a steel cane that stood in the corner and laid it across his

shoulders. In an instant his ears had grown long and his face longer,

his arms had become legs, and his body was covered with close grey

hair. Truly, he was an ass; and a very ugly one, too!

'Leave the house!' commanded the old woman. And, shambling awkwardly,

he went.

As he was standing in the path outside, not knowing what to do, a man

passed by.

'Ho! my fine fellow, you are exactly what I was looking for! You don't

seem to have a master, so come with me. I will find something for you

to do.' And taking him by the ear he led him from the cottage.

For seven years the ass led a hard life, just as the old woman had

foretold. But instead of remembering that he had brought all his

suffering on himself, and being sorry for his evil ways, he grew

harder, and more bitter. At the end of the seven years his ass skin

wore out, and he became a man again, and one day returned to the

cottage.

His wife opened the door in answer to his knock; then, letting fall

the latch, she ran inside, crying:

'Grandmother! grandmother! your son has come back!'

'I thought he would,' replied the old woman, going on with her

spinning. 'Well, we could have done very well without him. But as he

is here I suppose he must come in.'

And come in he did. But as the old woman expected, he behaved still

worse than before. For some weeks she allowed him to do what he liked;

then at last she said:

'So experience has taught you nothing! After all, there are very few

people who have sense to learn by it. But take care lest I change you

into a wolf, to be a prey for dogs and men!'

'You talk too much. I shall break your head for you!' was all the

answer she got.

Had the young man looked at her face he might have taken warning, but

he was busy making a pipe, and took no notice. The next moment the

steel cane had touched his shoulders, and a big grey wolf bounded

through the door.

Oh! what a yapping among the dogs, and what a shouting among the

neighbours as they gave chase.

For seven years he led the life of a hunted animal, often cold and

nearly always hungry, and never daring to allow himself a sound sleep.

At the end of that time his wolf skin wore out also, and again he

appeared at the cottage door. But the second seven years had taught

him no more than the first--his conduct was worse than before; and one

day he beat his wife and son so brutally that they screamed to the old

woman to come to their aid.

She did, and brought the steel cane with her. In a second the ruffian

had vanished, and a big black crow was flying about the room, crying

'Gour! Gour!'

The window was open, and he darted through it; and seeking the

companions who had ruined him, he managed to make them understand what

had happened.

'We will avenge you,' said they; and taking up a rope, set out to

strangle the old woman.

But she was ready for them. One stroke of her cane and they were all

changed into a troop of black crows, and this time their feathers

are lasting still.

(From Contes Arméniens. Par Frédéric Macler.)


Story DNA

Moral

Cruelty and idleness, if unrepentant, will lead to perpetual suffering and transformation.

Plot Summary

A lonely old woman adopts an orphan boy who grows into a cruel and idle man, abusing his wife and child. After repeated warnings, the old woman uses a magical steel cane to transform him first into an ass, then a wolf, each for seven years. Despite his suffering, he returns each time more unrepentant. Finally, after a brutal beating, she transforms him into a crow. He then gathers his old companions to attack the old woman, but she transforms them all into crows as well, leaving them permanently in that form as a punishment for their lasting cruelty.

Themes

consequences of crueltyredemption (or lack thereof)patience and justicethe power of a woman

Emotional Arc

frustration to grim satisfaction

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, direct address to reader (implied)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person (man vs old woman, man vs family) and person vs supernatural (man vs magic)
Ending: moral justice
Magic: magical transformation, steel cane as an enchanted object
the steel cane (symbol of justice/power)the ass, wolf, and crow (symbols of degradation and unrepentant nature)

Cultural Context

Origin: Armenian
Era: timeless fairy tale

Armenian folklore often features magical transformations and moralistic tales, sometimes with grim consequences for wrongdoers.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. An old woman, lonely after an illness, adopts an orphan boy.
  2. The boy grows up with bad companions, becoming idle and cruel, despite the old woman's kindness.
  3. The old woman arranges a marriage for him, but he continues his bad behavior, beating his wife and child.
  4. The old woman warns him to change his ways or be transformed into an ass.
  5. The man scoffs at her, and she transforms him into an ass with a steel cane.
  6. He lives seven years as an ass, suffering as she foretold, but returns unrepentant.
  7. He continues his abusive behavior, and the old woman warns him again, this time of becoming a wolf.
  8. He ignores her, and she transforms him into a wolf with the steel cane.
  9. He lives seven years as a hunted wolf, but returns even more cruel and abusive.
  10. He brutally beats his wife and son, who cry out to the old woman for help.
  11. The old woman transforms him into a crow with the steel cane.
  12. The crow flies off and gathers his old companions, telling them what happened.
  13. The companions, with a rope, go to strangle the old woman.
  14. The old woman transforms all the companions into crows with her steel cane.
  15. The man and his companions remain crows forever, their feathers lasting still.

Characters

👤

Old Woman

human elderly female

Weakened by illness, but capable of swift action

Attire: Simple, practical dress of homespun fabric, apron, shawl

Steel cane held firmly in her hand

Kind, patient, but firm and just; resourceful

👤

The Adopted Son

human adult male

Strong, lazy, prone to violence

Attire: Rough peasant clothing, often stained and torn from his idle pursuits

Brandishing a stick or pipe menacingly

Lazy, cruel, unrepentant; easily influenced by bad company

👤

The Wife

human young adult female

Good and industrious

Attire: Simple but clean peasant dress, apron

Clutching her child protectively

Kind, hard-working, long-suffering

👤

The Son (child)

human child male

Small, vulnerable

Attire: Simple child's clothing

Hiding behind his mother's skirts

Innocent, victimized

Locations

Old Woman's Cottage

indoor

A small cottage on the edge of the forest with a garden behind it where vegetables grow.

Mood: Initially peaceful and self-sufficient, later tense and filled with conflict.

The setting for the transformations and the climax where the old woman turns the companions into crows.

garden vegetables steel cane spinning wheel

Garden behind the cottage

outdoor

A garden where all sorts of vegetables grow.

Mood: Productive and life-sustaining, representing the old woman's self-sufficiency.

Implied as the source of the old woman's initial wealth and independence.

vegetables cottage fence

Path outside the cottage

transitional

A path leading away from the cottage.

Mood: Uncertain and leading to hardship.

The ass is found by a man and led away to a life of servitude.

cottage door dusty path