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How the Dragon was Tricked

by Andrew Lang

How the Dragon was Tricked

How the Dragon Was Tricked From Griechtsche und Albanesische Marchen, von J. G. von Hahn. (Leipzig: Engelmann. 1864.) Once upon a time there lived a man who had two sons but they did not get on at all well together, for the younger was much handsomer than his elder brother who was very jealous of him. When they grew older, things became worse and worse, and at last one day as they were walking through a wood the elder youth seized hold of the other, tied him to a tree, and went on his way hoping that the boy might starve to death. However, it happened that an old and humpbacked shepherd passed the tree with his flock, and seeing the prisoner, he stopped and said to him, ‘Tell me, my son why are you tied to that tree?’ ‘Because I was so crooked,’ answered the young man; ‘but it has quite cured me, and now my back is as straight as can be.’ ‘I wish you would bind me to a tree,’ exclaimed the shepherd, ‘so that my back would get straight.’ ‘With all the pleasure in life,’ replied the youth. ‘If you will loosen these cords I will tie you up with them as firmly as I can.’ This was soon done, and then the young man drove off the sheep, leaving their real shepherd to repent of his folly; and before he had gone very far he met with a horse boy and a driver of oxen, and he persuaded them to turn with him and to seek for adventures. By these and many other tricks he soon became so celebrated that his fame reached the king’s ears, and his majesty was filled with curiosity to see the man who had managed to outwit everybody. So he commanded his guards to capture the young man and bring him before him. And when the young man stood before the king, the king spoke to him and said, ‘By your tricks and the pranks that you have played on other people, you have, in the eye of the law, forfeited your life. But on one condition I will spare you, and that is, if you will bring me the flying horse that belongs to the great dragon. Fail in this, and you shall be hewn in a thousand pieces.’ ‘If that is all,’ said the youth, ‘you shall soon have it.’ So he went out and made his way straight to the stable where the flying horse was tethered. He stretched his hand cautiously out to seize the bridle, when the horse suddenly began to neigh as loud as he could. Now the room in which the dragon slept was just above the stable, and at the sound of the neighing he woke and cried to the horse, ‘What is the matter, my treasure? is anything hurting you?’ After waiting a little while the young man tried again to loose the horse, but a second time it neighed so loudly that the dragon woke up in a hurry and called out to know why the horse was making such a noise. But when the same thing happened the third time, the dragon lost his temper, and went down into the stable and took a whip and gave the horse a good beating. This offended the horse and made him angry, and when the young man stretched out his hand to untie his head, he made no further fuss, but suffered himself to be led quietly away. Once clear of the stable the young man sprang on his back and galloped off, calling over his shoulder, ‘Hi! dragon! dragon! if anyone asks you what has become of your horse, you can say that I have got him!’ But the king said, ‘The flying horse is all very well, but I want something more. You must bring me the covering with the little bells that lies on the bed of the dragon, or I will have you hewn into a thousand pieces.’ ‘Is that all?’ answered the youth. ‘That is easily done.’ And when night came he went away to the dragon’s house and climbed up on to the roof. Then he opened a little window in the roof and let down the chain from which the kettle usually hung, and tried to hook the bed covering and to draw it up. But the little bells all began to ring, and the dragon woke and said to his wife, ‘Wife, you have pulled off all the bed-clothes!’ and drew the covering towards him, pulling, as he did so, the young man into the room. Then the dragon flung himself on the youth and bound him fast with cords saying as he tied the last knot, ‘To-morrow when I go to church you must stay at home and kill him and cook him, and when I get back we will eat him together.’ So the following morning the dragoness took hold of the young man and reached down from the shelf a sharp knife with which to kill him. But as she untied the cords the better to get hold of him, the prisoner caught her by the legs, threw her to the ground, seized her and speedily cut her throat, just as she had been about to do for him, and put her body in the oven. Then he snatched up the covering and carried it to the king. The king was seated on his throne when the youth appeared before him and spread out the covering with a deep bow. ‘That is not enough,’ said his majesty; ‘you must bring me the dragon himself, or I will have you hewn into a thousand pieces.’ ‘It shall be done,’ answered the youth; ‘but you must give me two years to manage it, for my beard must grow so that he may not know me.’ ‘So be it,’ said the king. And the first thing the young man did when his beard was grown was to take the road to the dragon’s house and on the way he met a beggar, whom he persuaded to change clothes with him, and in the beggar’s garments he went fearlessly forth to the dragon. He found his enemy before his house, very busy making a box, and addressed him politely, ‘Good morning, your worship. Have you a morsel of bread?’ ‘You must wait,’ replied the dragon, ‘till I have finished my box, and then I will see if I can find one.’ ‘What will you do with the box when it is made?’ inquired the beggar. ‘It is for the young man who killed my wife, and stole my flying horse and my bed covering,’ said the dragon. ‘He deserves nothing better,’ answered the beggar, ‘for it was an ill deed. Still that box is too small for him, for he is a big man.’ ‘You are wrong,’ said the dragon. ‘The box is large enough even for me.’ ‘Well, the rogue is nearly as tall as you,’ replied the beggar, ‘and, of course, if you can get in, he can. But I am sure you would find it a tight fit.’ ‘No, there is plenty of room,’ said the dragon, tucking himself carefully inside. But no sooner was he well in, than the young man clapped on the lid and called out, ‘Now press hard, just to see if he will be able to get out.’ The dragon pressed as hard as he could, but the lid never moved. ‘It is all right,’ he cried; ‘now you can open it.’ But instead of opening it, the young man drove in long nails to make it tighter still; then he took the box on his back and brought it to the king. And when the king heard that the dragon was inside, he was so excited that he would not wait one moment, but broke the lock and lifted the lid just a little way to make sure he was really there. He was very careful not to leave enough space for the dragon to jump out, but unluckily there was just room for his great mouth, and with one snap the king vanished down his wide red jaws. Then the young man married the king’s daughter and ruled over the land, but what he did with the dragon nobody knows.

Moral of the Story

Cunning and quick wit can overcome even the most formidable adversaries, but sometimes even the cleverest plans have unforeseen consequences.


Characters 7 characters

Younger Brother ★ protagonist

human young adult male

Handsome, agile

Attire: Simple tunic and trousers, appropriate for a young man traveling

Clever, resourceful, brave

Elder Brother ⚔ antagonist

human young adult male

Strong, envious

Attire: Simple tunic and trousers, similar to his brother's but perhaps more worn

Jealous, cruel, foolish

Dragon ⚔ antagonist

magical creature ageless non-human

Large, powerful, with a wide red mouth

Gullible, easily angered, possessive

King ◆ supporting

human adult male

Royal bearing

Attire: Royal robes, crown

Greedy, demanding, easily excited

Dragoness ◆ supporting

magical creature ageless female

Similar to the Dragon, but possibly with more feminine features

Compliant, easily tricked

Flying Horse ◆ supporting

animal adult non-human

A horse that can fly

Attire: Bridle

Initially resistant, then cooperative

Shepherd ○ minor

human elderly male

Humpbacked

Attire: Simple shepherd's clothing

Naive, easily fooled

Locations 5 locations
Forest Clearing

Forest Clearing

outdoor Implied fair weather, suitable for walking.

A secluded area with a large tree suitable for tying someone to.

Mood: Initially tense and cruel, then shifts to hopeful and opportunistic.

The younger brother is tied to a tree by his jealous older brother; he then tricks the shepherd.

large treecordspassing flock of sheep
Dragon's Stable

Dragon's Stable

indoor night Not specified.

A stable where the flying horse is kept, located directly below the dragon's sleeping quarters.

Mood: Tense, risky, and filled with anticipation.

The youth attempts to steal the flying horse, leading to a confrontation with the dragon.

flying horsebridletetherdoor to dragon's room
Dragon's House Roof

Dragon's House Roof

transitional night Not specified.

The exterior roof of the dragon's house, featuring a small window and a kettle chain.

Mood: Sneaky, dangerous, and suspenseful.

The youth attempts to steal the bed covering with bells, leading to his capture.

small windowkettle chainroof tiles
Dragon's Kitchen

Dragon's Kitchen

indoor morning Not specified.

The kitchen inside the dragon's house, containing a shelf with a sharp knife and an oven.

Mood: Perilous, but with a chance for escape.

The youth is about to be killed and cooked by the dragoness, but he outsmarts her and puts her in the oven instead.

sharp knifeovenshelf
King's Throne Room

King's Throne Room

indoor Not specified.

A grand hall where the king sits on his throne, ready to receive tributes and deliver judgments.

Mood: Formal, expectant, and ultimately foolish.

The youth presents the stolen items and eventually the dragon in a box, leading to the king's demise.

thronecovering with bellsdragon box

Story DNA fairy tale · whimsical

Moral

Cunning and quick wit can overcome even the most formidable adversaries, but sometimes even the cleverest plans have unforeseen consequences.

Plot Summary

A young man, betrayed by his jealous brother, escapes by tricking a shepherd. His fame for cunning reaches the king, who tasks him with stealing a flying horse, a magical bed covering, and finally, the dragon itself, under threat of death. Through a series of clever deceptions, the young man succeeds in each task, killing the dragon's wife in the process. He ultimately tricks the dragon into a box, which he brings to the king, but the king's impatience leads to his own demise, allowing the young man to marry the princess and rule the land.

Themes

cunning over strengthjealousy and betrayaljustice and retributionresourcefulness

Emotional Arc

betrayal to triumph to unexpected twist

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, direct address to reader (implied, by the nature of fairy tales)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person
Ending: moral justice
Magic: flying horse, dragon
the flying horse (freedom, power)the bell-covered bed covering (dragon's vulnerability/possessions)the box (trap, confinement)

Cultural Context

Origin: Albanian / Greek (via German collection)
Era: timeless fairy tale

Collected by J. G. von Hahn, a 19th-century Austrian diplomat and linguist who extensively documented Albanian and Greek folklore, suggesting a blend of oral traditions from the Balkan region.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. A younger brother, handsomer than his elder, is tied to a tree by his jealous sibling and left to die.
  2. A humpbacked shepherd finds him, and the young man tricks the shepherd into taking his place, then steals the flock.
  3. The young man's reputation for trickery grows, reaching the king, who orders him captured.
  4. The king, instead of executing him, tasks him with stealing the dragon's flying horse, threatening death if he fails.
  5. The young man attempts to steal the horse, which neighs loudly twice, waking the dragon, who beats the horse.
  6. On the third attempt, the horse, angered by the beating, allows the young man to steal it, who then taunts the dragon.
  7. The king demands the dragon's bell-covered bed covering, again threatening death.
  8. The young man tries to hook the covering from the roof, but the bells ring, waking the dragon, who pulls him into the room.
  9. The dragon ties the young man, instructing his wife to kill and cook him while he's at church.
  10. The dragon's wife unties the young man to kill him, but he overpowers, kills, and cooks her instead, then takes the covering to the king.
  11. The king demands the dragon himself, granting the young man two years to grow a beard to avoid recognition.
  12. With his beard grown, the young man exchanges clothes with a beggar and approaches the dragon, who is building a box.
  13. The young man tricks the dragon into believing the box is too small for the man who killed his wife, then challenges the dragon to prove it fits him.
  14. The dragon enters the box, and the young man seals it, nails it shut, and brings it to the king.
  15. The king, eager to see the dragon, opens the box just enough for the dragon to snap out and devour him, leaving the young man to marry the princess and rule.

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