I Know What I Have Learned

by Andrew Lang · from The Pink Fairy Book

fairy tale cautionary tale humorous Ages 8-14 1361 words 6 min read
Cover: I Know What I Have Learned
Original Story 1361 words · 6 min read

I Know What I Have Learned

From the Danish.

There was once a man who had three daughters, and they were all married

to trolls, who lived underground. One day the man thought that he would

pay them a visit, and his wife gave him some dry bread to eat by the

way. After he had walked some distance he grew both tired and hungry, so

he sat down on the east side of a mound and began to eat his dry bread.

The mound then opened, and his youngest daughter came out of it, and

said, ‘Why, father! why are you not coming in to see me?’

‘Oh,’ said he, ‘if I had known that you lived here, and had seen any

entrance, I would have come in.’

Then he entered the mound along with her.

The troll came home soon after this, and his wife told him that her

father was come, and asked him to go and buy some beef to make broth

with.

‘We can get it easier than that!’ said the troll.

He fixed an iron spike into one of the beams of the roof, and ran his

head against this till he had knocked several large pieces off his head.

He was just as well as ever after doing this, and they got their broth

without further trouble.

The troll then gave the old man a sackful of money, and laden with this

he betook himself homewards. When he came near his home he remembered

that he had a cow about to calve, so he laid down the money on the

ground, ran home as fast as he could, and asked his wife whether the cow

had calved yet.

‘What kind of a hurry is this to come home in?’ said she. ‘No, the cow

has not calved yet.’

‘Then you must come out and help me in with a sackful of money,’ said

the man.

‘A sackful of money?’ cried his wife.

‘Yes, a sackful of money,’ said he. ‘Is that so very wonderful?’

His wife did not believe very much what he told her, but she humoured

him, and went out with him.

When they came to the spot where he had left it there was no money

there; a thief had come along and stolen it. His wife then grew angry

and scolded him heartily.

‘Well, well!’ said he, ‘hang the money! I know what I have learned.’

‘What have you learned?’ said she.

‘Ah! I know that,’ said the man.

After some time had passed the man had a mind to visit his second eldest

daughter. His wife again gave him some dry bread to eat, and when he

grew tired and hungry he sat down on the east side of a mound and began

to eat it. As he sat there his daughter came up out of the mound, and

invited him to come inside, which he did very willingly.

Soon after this the troll came home. It was dark by that time, and his

wife bade him go and buy some candles.

‘Oh, we shall soon get a light,’ said the troll. With that he dipped his

fingers into the fire, and they then gave light without being burned in

the least.

The old man got two sacks of money here, and plodded away homewards with

these. When he was very nearly home he again thought of the cow that

was with calf, so he laid down the money, ran home, and asked his wife

whether the cow had calved yet.

‘Whatever is the matter with you?’ said she. ‘You come hurrying as if

the whole house was about to fall. You may set your mind at rest: the

cow has not calved yet.’

The man now asked her to come and help him home with the two sacks of

money. She did not believe him very much, but he continued to assure her

that it was quite true, till at last she gave in and went with him. When

they came to the spot there had again been a thief there and taken the

money. It was no wonder that the woman was angry about this, but the man

only said, ‘Ah, if you only knew what I have learned.’

A third time the man set out--to visit his eldest daughter. When he

came to a mound he sat down on the east side of it and ate the dry bread

which his wife had given him to take with him. The daughter then came

out of the mound and invited her father to come inside.

In a little the troll came home, and his wife asked him to go and buy

some fish.

‘We can get them much more easily than that,’ said the troll. ‘Give me

your dough trough and your ladle.’

They seated themselves in the trough, and rowed out on the lake which

was beside the mound. When they had got out a little way the troll said

to his wife, ‘Are my eyes green?’

‘No, not yet,’ said she.

He rowed on a little further and asked again, ‘Are my eyes not green

yet?’

‘Yes,’ said his wife, ‘they are green now.’

Then the troll sprang into the water and ladled up so many fish that in

a short time the trough could hold no more. They then rowed home again,

and had a good meal off the fish.

The old man now got three sacks full of money, and set off home with

them. When he was almost home the cow again came into his head, and he

laid down the money. This time, however, he took his wooden shoes and

laid them above the money, thinking that no one would take it after

that. Then he ran home and asked his wife whether the cow had calved. It

had not, and she scolded him again for behaving in this way, but in the

end he persuaded her to go with him to help him with the three sacks of

money.

When they came to the spot they found only the wooden shoes, for a thief

had come along in the meantime and taken all the money. The woman was

very angry, and broke out upon her husband; but he took it all very

quietly, and only said, ‘Hang the money! I know what I have learned.’

‘What have you learned I should like to know?’ said his wife.

‘You will see that yet,’ said the man.

One day his wife took a fancy for broth, and said to him, ‘Oh, go to the

village, and buy a piece of beef to make broth.’

‘There’s no need of that,’ said he; ‘we can get it an easier way.’ With

that he drove a spike into a beam, and ran his head against it, and in

consequence had to lie in bed for a long time afterwards.

After he had recovered from this his wife asked him one day to go and

buy candles, as they had none.

‘No,’ he said, ‘there’s no need for that;’ and he stuck his hand into

the fire. This also made him take to bed for a good while.

When he had got better again his wife one day wanted fish, and asked him

to go and buy some. The man, however, wished again to show what he had

learned, so he asked her to come along with him and bring her dough

trough and a ladle. They both seated themselves in this, and rowed upon

the lake. When they had got out a little way the man said, ‘Are my eyes

green?’

‘No,’ said his wife; ‘why should they be?’

They rowed a little further out, and he asked again, ‘Are my eyes not

green yet?’

‘What nonsense is this?’ said she; ‘why should they be green?’

‘Oh, my dear,’ said he, ‘can’t you just say that they are green?’

‘Very well,’ said she, ‘they are green.’

As soon as he heard this he sprang out into the water with the ladle for

the fishes, but he just got leave to stay there with them!


Story DNA

Moral

One should not blindly imitate what they see others do, especially when lacking the inherent abilities or understanding of the original actor.

Plot Summary

An old man visits his three daughters, who are married to trolls, and observes their magical, unconventional ways of performing daily tasks like making broth, lighting rooms, and fishing. Each time, he receives money but loses it due to his preoccupation with his cow and his wife's disbelief, cryptically claiming he has 'learned' something. Convinced he can replicate the trolls' magic, he attempts their tricks himself, injuring himself with the first two and ultimately drowning when he tries to magically fish like the third troll, proving his folly.

Themes

folly of imitationthe limits of knowledgeconsequences of rash actionthe nature of magic

Emotional Arc

curiosity to foolishness to tragicomic demise

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: sparse
Techniques: repetition (of the phrase 'I know what I have learned'), rule of three (three daughters, three visits, three attempts at imitation)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: tragicomic
Magic: Trolls with supernatural abilities (self-healing, fire immunity, magical fishing), Mounds opening to reveal homes, Magical transformation (troll's eyes turning green)
The phrase 'I know what I have learned' (symbolizing misunderstood knowledge)The cow (symbolizing mundane reality vs. magical aspiration)The wooden shoes (symbolizing a futile attempt at protection)

Cultural Context

Origin: Danish
Era: timeless fairy tale

Andrew Lang's 'Fairy Books' were collections of folklore from various cultures, making this a translated and compiled piece rather than an original Danish publication in English.

Plot Beats (12)

  1. An old man visits his youngest daughter, married to a troll, and enters their mound home.
  2. The first troll creates beef broth by knocking pieces off his head, then gives the man a sack of money.
  3. The man loses the money on the way home, distracted by his cow, and tells his scolding wife, 'I know what I have learned.'
  4. The man visits his second daughter; the second troll creates light by dipping fingers in fire, then gives the man two sacks of money.
  5. The man again loses the money due to his cow, repeating his cryptic phrase to his angry wife.
  6. The man visits his eldest daughter; the third troll magically fishes by turning his eyes green and jumping into the lake, then gives the man three sacks of money.
  7. The man loses the money a third time, despite trying to hide it, and repeats his phrase to his furious wife.
  8. The wife asks for beef broth, and the man attempts to imitate the first troll's method, injuring himself and requiring bed rest.
  9. The wife asks for candles, and the man attempts to imitate the second troll's method, burning his hand and requiring more bed rest.
  10. The wife asks for fish, and the man takes her to the lake, asking her to confirm his eyes are green.
  11. After some persuasion, his wife says his eyes are green, and the man jumps into the lake.
  12. The man drowns, unable to perform the troll's magic, having only 'learned' the actions, not the inherent ability.

Characters

👤

The Man

human adult male

Old, easily tired

Attire: Simple peasant clothing appropriate for rural Denmark

Carrying dry bread, looking bewildered

Forgetful, foolish, easily distracted, stubborn

👤

The Wife

human adult female

Strong, capable

Attire: Practical peasant dress, apron

Arms crossed, scolding expression

Practical, easily angered, long-suffering

✦

Youngest Daughter

troll young adult female

Lives underground

Attire: Simple dress, perhaps with earth-toned colors

Emerging from a mound

Kind, hospitable

✦

Second Eldest Daughter

troll young adult female

Lives underground

Attire: Simple dress, perhaps with earth-toned colors

Emerging from a mound

Kind, hospitable

✦

Eldest Daughter

troll young adult female

Lives underground

Attire: Simple dress, perhaps with earth-toned colors

Emerging from a mound

Kind, hospitable

✦

Troll (Youngest Daughter's Husband)

troll adult male

Able to injure himself without lasting harm

Attire: Crude clothing

Bashing his head against a beam

Resourceful, violent

✦

Troll (Second Eldest Daughter's Husband)

troll adult male

Able to produce light with his fingers

Attire: Crude clothing

Fingers glowing with fire

Resourceful, violent

✦

Troll (Eldest Daughter's Husband)

troll adult male

Eyes turn green when fishing

Attire: Crude clothing

Green eyes, holding a ladle

Resourceful, violent

Locations

East side of a mound

outdoor

Grassy mound with an opening to an underground dwelling

Mood: eerie, mysterious

The man visits each of his daughters living with trolls.

grassy mound hidden entrance dry bread crumbs

Troll's underground home

indoor underground, constant temperature

A dwelling inside a mound, sturdy beams in the roof

Mood: strange, otherworldly

The man witnesses the troll's strange abilities to create food and light.

iron spike in beam sack of money glowing fingers

Road near the man's home

outdoor

A path leading to the man's house, close enough to worry about a calving cow

Mood: anxious, frustrating

The man repeatedly leaves the money unattended and it gets stolen.

sack(s) of money wooden shoes path to home

Lake beside the mound

outdoor

A lake next to the troll's mound dwelling

Mood: foolish, watery

The man tries to imitate the troll's fishing method and fails.

dough trough ladle green eyes fish