Maiden Bright-eye
by Andrew Lang · from The Pink Fairy Book
Original Story
Maiden Bright-eye
From the Danish
Once, upon a time there was a man and his wife who had two children, a
boy and a girl. The wife died, and the man married again. His new
wife had an only daughter, who was both ugly and untidy, whereas her
stepdaughter was a beautiful girl, and was known as Maiden Bright-eye.
Her stepmother was very cruel to her on this account; she had always to
do the hardest work, and got very little to eat, and no attention paid
to her; but to her own daughter she was all that was good. She was
spared from all the hardest of the housework, and had always the
prettiest clothes to wear.
Maiden Bright-eye had also to watch the sheep, but of course it would
never do to let her go idle and enjoy herself too much at this work, so
she had to pull heather while she was out on the moors with them. Her
stepmother gave her pancakes to take with her for her dinner, but she
had mixed the flour with ashes, and made them just as bad as she could.
The little girl came out on the moor and began to pull heather on the
side of a little mound, but next minute a little fellow with a red cap
on his head popped up out of the mound and said:
‘Who’s that pulling the roof off my house?’
‘Oh, it’s me, a poor little girl,’ said she; ‘my mother sent me out
here, and told me to pull heather. If you will be good to me I will give
you a bit of my dinner.’
The little fellow was quite willing, and she gave him the biggest share
of her pancakes. They were not particularly good, but when one is hungry
anything tastes well. After he had got them all eaten he said to her:
‘Now, I shall give you three wishes, for you are a very nice little
girl; but I will choose the wishes for you. You are beautiful, and much
more beautiful shall you be; yes, so lovely that there will not be your
like in the world. The next wish shall be that every time you open your
mouth a gold coin shall fall out of it, and your voice shall be like the
most beautiful music. The third wish shall be that you may be married to
the young king, and become the queen of the country. At the same time
I shall give you a cap, which you must carefully keep, for it can save
you, if you ever are in danger of your life, if you just put it on your
head.
Maiden Bright-eye thanked the little bergman ever so often, and drove
home her sheep in the evening. By that time she had grown so beautiful
that her people could scarcely recognise her. Her stepmother asked her
how it had come about that she had grown so beautiful. She told the
whole story--for she always told the truth--that a little man had come
to her out on the moor and had given her all this beauty. She did not
tell, however, that she had given him a share of her dinner.
The stepmother thought to herself, ‘If one can become so beautiful by
going out there, my own daughter shall also be sent, for she can well
stand being made a little prettier.’
Next morning she baked for her the finest cakes, and dressed her
prettily to go out with the sheep. But she was afraid to go away there
without having a stick to defend herself with if anything should come
near her.
She was not very much inclined for pulling the heather, as she never was
in the habit of doing any work, but she was only a minute or so at it
when up came the same little fellow with the red cap, and said:
‘Who’s that pulling the roof off my house?’
‘What’s that to you?’ said she.
‘Well, if you will give me a bit of your dinner I won’t do you any
mischief,’ said he.
‘I will give you something else in place of my dinner,’ said she. ‘I
can easily eat it myself; but if you will have something you can have
a whack of my stick,’ and with that she raised it in the air and struck
the bergman over the head with it.
‘What a wicked little girl you are!’ said he; ‘but you shall be none the
better of this. I shall give you three wishes, and choose them for you.
First, I shall say, “Ugly are you, but you shall become so ugly that
there will not be an uglier one on earth.” Next I shall wish that every
time you open your mouth a big toad may fall out of it, and your voice
shall be like the roaring of a bull. In the third place I shall wish for
you a violent death.’
The girl went home in the evening, and when her mother saw her she was
as vexed as she could be, and with good reason, too; but it was still
worse when she saw the toads fall out of her mouth and heard her voice.
Now we must hear something about the stepson. He had gone out into the
world to look about him, and took service in the king’s palace. About
this time he got permission to go home and see his sister, and when he
saw how lovely and beautiful she was, he was so pleased and delighted
that when he came back to the king’s palace everyone there wanted to
know what he was always so happy about. He told them that it was because
he had such a lovely sister at home.
At last it came to the ears of the king what the brother said about his
sister, and, besides that, the report of her beauty spread far and
wide, so that the youth was summoned before the king, who asked him if
everything was true that was told about the girl. He said it was quite
true, for he had seen her beauty with his own eyes, and had heard with
his own ears how sweetly she could sing and what a lovely voice she had.
The king then took a great desire for her, and ordered her brother to
go home and bring her back with him, for he trusted no one better to
accomplish that errand. He got a ship, and everything else that he
required, and sailed home for his sister. As soon as the stepmother
heard what his errand was she at once said to herself, ‘This will never
come about if I can do anything to hinder it. She must not be allowed to
come to such honour.’
She then got a dress made for her own daughter, like the finest robe for
a queen, and she had a mask prepared and put upon her face, so that she
looked quite pretty, and gave her strict orders not to take it off until
the king had promised to wed her.
The brother now set sail with his two sisters, for the stepmother
pretended that the ugly one wanted to see the other a bit on her way.
But when they got out to sea, and Maiden Bright-eye came up on deck,
the sister did as her mother had instructed her--she gave her a push and
made her fall into the water. When the brother learned what had happened
he was greatly distressed, and did not know what to do. He could not
bring himself to tell the truth about what had happened, nor did he
expect that the king would believe it. In the long run he decided to
hold on his way, and let things go as they liked. What he had expected
happened--the king received his sister and wedded her at once, but
repented it after the first night, as he could scarcely put down his
foot in the morning for all the toads that were about the room, and when
he saw her real face he was so enraged against the brother that he had
him thrown into a pit full of serpents. He was so angry, not merely
because he had been deceived, but because he could not get rid of the
ugly wretch that was now tied to him for life.
Now we shall hear a little about Maiden Bright-eye When she fell into
the water she was fortunate enough to get the bergman’s cap put on
her head, for now she was in danger of her life, and she was at once
transformed into a duck. The duck swam away after the ship, and came to
the king’s palace on the next evening. There it waddled up the drain,
and so into the kitchen, where her little dog lay on the hearth-stone;
it could not bear to stay in the fine chambers along with the ugly
sister, and had taken refuge down here. The duck hopped up till it could
talk to the dog.
‘Good evening,’ it said.
‘Thanks, Maiden Bright-eye,’ said the dog.
‘Where is my brother?’
‘He is in the serpent-pit.’
‘Where is my wicked sister?’
‘She is with the noble king.’
‘Alas! alas! I am here this evening, and shall be for two evenings yet,
and then I shall never come again.’
When it had said this the duck waddled off again. Several of the servant
girls heard the conversation, and were greatly surprised at it, and
thought that it would be worth while to catch the bird next evening and
see into the matter a little more closely. They had heard it say that it
would come again.
Next evening it appeared as it had said, and a great many were present
to see it. It came waddling in by the drain, and went up to the dog,
which was lying on the hearth-stone.
‘Good evening,’ it said.
‘Thanks, Maiden Bright-eye,’ said the dog.
‘Where is my brother?’
‘He is in the serpent-pit.’
‘Where is my wicked sister?’
‘She is with the noble king.’
‘Alas! alas! I am here this evening, and shall be for one evening yet,
and then I shall never come again.’
After this it slipped out, and no one could get hold of it. But the
king’s cook thought to himself, ‘I shall see if I can’t get hold of you
to-morrow evening.’
On the third evening the duck again came waddling in by the drain, and
up to the dog on the hearth-stone.
‘Good evening,’ it said.
‘Thanks, Maiden Bright-eye,’ said the dog.
‘Where is my brother?’
‘He is in the serpent-pit.’
‘Where is my wicked sister?’
‘She is with the noble king.’
‘Alas! alas! now I shall never come again.’
With this it slipped out again, but in the meantime the cook had posted
himself at the outer end of the drain with a net, which he threw over it
as it came out. In this way he caught it, and came in to the others with
the most beautiful duck they had ever seen--with so many golden feathers
on it that everyone marvelled. No one, however, knew what was to be
done with it; but after what they had heard they knew that there was
something uncommon about it, so they took good care of it.
At this time the brother in the serpent-pit dreamed that his right
sister had come swimming to the king’s palace in the shape of a duck,
and that she could not regain her own form until her beak was cut off.
He got this dream told to some one, so that the king at last came to
hear of it, and had him taken up out of the pit and brought before
him. The king then asked him if he could produce to him his sister as
beautiful as he had formerly described her. The brother said he could if
they would bring him the duck and a knife.
Both of them were brought to him, and he said, ‘I wonder how you would
look if I were to cut the point off your beak.’
With this he cut a piece off the beak, and there came a voice which
said, ‘Oh, oh, you cut my little finger!’
Next moment Maiden Bright-eye stood there, as lovely and beautiful as he
had seen her when he was home. This was his sister now, he said; and the
whole story now came out of how the other had behaved to her. The wicked
sister was put into a barrel with spikes round it which was dragged
off by six wild horses, and so she came to her end.:But the king was
delighted with Maiden Bright-eye, and immediately made her his queen,
while her brother became his prime minister.
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness and virtue are rewarded, while malice and deceit lead to ruin.
Plot Summary
Maiden Bright-eye, a beautiful girl, suffers under her cruel stepmother and ugly stepsister. She is blessed by a magical bergman for her kindness, gaining beauty, a lovely voice, and a royal destiny, while her stepsister is cursed for her malice. When the king desires Maiden Bright-eye, her stepsister pushes her overboard, but Maiden Bright-eye transforms into a duck. The stepsister impersonates her, leading to the king imprisoning Maiden Bright-eye's brother. After three nights of visiting the palace as a duck, Maiden Bright-eye is restored to human form, exposes the deception, and marries the king, while her wicked stepsister faces a gruesome end.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects common European folklore motifs of magical helpers, cruel stepfamilies, and justice for the virtuous.
Plot Beats (19)
- Maiden Bright-eye, a beautiful girl, is mistreated by her stepmother and ugly stepsister, forced to do hard labor and herd sheep.
- While herding, Maiden Bright-eye meets a bergman (little man) who lives under the heather she pulls.
- Maiden Bright-eye shares her meager, ash-filled pancakes with the bergman.
- The bergman rewards Maiden Bright-eye with extreme beauty, gold coins from her mouth, a beautiful voice, a future marriage to the king, and a protective cap.
- The stepmother, seeing Maiden Bright-eye's transformation, sends her own daughter to the bergman with fine cakes.
- The stepsister is rude to the bergman and strikes him with a stick.
- The bergman curses the stepsister with extreme ugliness, toads from her mouth, a bull-like voice, and a violent death.
- Maiden Bright-eye's brother, serving the king, praises his beautiful sister, leading the king to send him to bring her to the palace.
- The stepmother disguises her ugly daughter and instructs her to push Maiden Bright-eye overboard during the sea journey.
- Maiden Bright-eye falls into the water but puts on her magical cap, transforming into a duck.
- The brother, fearing the king, presents the ugly stepsister as his sister, and the king marries her, but is horrified by her ugliness and the toads.
- The king throws the brother into a serpent pit for deceiving him.
- As a duck, Maiden Bright-eye visits the palace kitchen for three nights, speaking to her dog about her brother and sister, and is overheard by servants.
- On the third night, the cook catches the duck, which is unusually beautiful with golden feathers.
- The brother, in the serpent pit, dreams that his sister, as a duck, can be restored by cutting her beak; the king hears of this and brings him forth.
- The brother cuts the duck's beak, and Maiden Bright-eye is restored to her beautiful human form.
- Maiden Bright-eye reveals the truth of her stepsister's treachery.
- The wicked stepsister is executed by being dragged by wild horses in a spiked barrel.
- Maiden Bright-eye marries the king and becomes queen, and her brother becomes prime minister.
Characters
Maiden Bright-eye
Initially beautiful, becomes even more so with golden hair and a radiant complexion.
Attire: Simple peasant dress, later transformed into a duck with golden feathers, then queenly robes
Kind, honest, and patient, even in the face of cruelty. She is also resourceful, using the bergman's cap to survive.
Stepmother
Not described directly, but implied to be plain or aging, driving her jealousy.
Attire: Practical, dark clothing suitable for a rural housewife
Cruel, jealous, and manipulative. She is driven by envy and a desire to elevate her own daughter.
Ugly Stepsister
Initially ugly and untidy, later cursed with extreme ugliness and toads falling from her mouth.
Attire: Fine robe for a queen, mask to appear pretty
Spoiled, lazy, and malicious, reflecting her mother's cruelty.
Bergman
Small, with a red cap.
Attire: Red cap
Initially grumpy, but easily appeased by kindness. He is powerful and capable of granting wishes, but also quick to punish those who are rude to him.
King
Not explicitly described, but assumed to be handsome and regal.
Attire: Royal robes, crown
Easily swayed by beauty and prone to rash decisions. He is also quick to anger when deceived.
Brother
Not described, but assumed to be of average appearance.
Attire: Servant's attire, later prime minister's robes
Loyal to his sister, but somewhat naive and easily manipulated. He is also somewhat passive, allowing events to unfold without taking decisive action.
Dog
Small, loyal dog.
Loyal and perceptive, recognizing Maiden Bright-eye even in duck form.
Locations
Heather Moor
A wide open moor with heather and a small mound.
Mood: Desolate, lonely, potentially magical.
Maiden Bright-eye receives her wishes; the stepsister receives her curse.
Bergman's Home
A small home inside of a mound, implied to be cozy.
Mood: Magical, hidden, cozy
The source of the wishes and curses.
King's Palace Kitchen
A large kitchen with a hearth-stone and a drain leading outside.
Mood: Secretive, tense, magical
The duck (Maiden Bright-eye) speaks to the dog and reveals her plight.
Serpent Pit
A deep pit filled with serpents.
Mood: Desperate, terrifying, unjust
The brother is unjustly imprisoned.
King's Chamber
A royal chamber, initially beautiful but soon filled with toads.
Mood: Initially celebratory, then repulsive and filled with regret
The king discovers the deception and the stepsister's true form.