The Golden Lion
by Andrew Lang · from The Pink Fairy Book
Original Story
The Golden Lion
Sicilianische Mahrchen. L. Gonzenbach.
There was once a rich merchant who had three sons, and when they were
grown up the eldest said to him, ‘Father, I wish to travel and see the
world. I pray you let me.’
So the father ordered a beautiful ship to be fitted up, and the young
man sailed away in it. After some weeks the vessel cast anchor before a
large town, and the merchant’s son went on shore.
The first thing he saw was a large notice written on a board saying that
if any man could find the king’s daughter within eight days he should
have her to wife, but that if he tried and failed his head must be the
forfeit.
‘Well,’ thought the youth as he read this proclamation, ‘that ought not
to be a very difficult matter;’ and he asked an audience of the king,
and told him that he wished to seek for the princess.
‘Certainly,’ replied the king. ‘You have the whole palace to search in;
but remember, if you fail it will cost you your head.’
So saying, he commanded the doors to be thrown open, and food and drink
to be set before the young man, who, after he had eaten, began to look
for the princess. But though he visited every corner and chest and
cupboard, she was not in any of them, and after eight days he gave it up
and his head was cut off.
All this time his father and brothers had had no news of him, and were
very anxious. At last the second son could bear it no longer, and said,
‘Dear father, give me, I pray you, a large ship and some money, and let
me go and seek for my brother.’
So another ship was fitted out, and the young man sailed away, and was
blown by the wind into the same harbour where his brother had landed.
Now when he saw the first ship lying at anchor his heart beat high,
and he said to himself, ‘My brother cannot surely be far off,’ and he
ordered a boat and was put on shore.
As he jumped on to the pier his eye caught the notice about the
princess, and he thought, ‘He has undertaken to find her, and has
certainly lost his head. I must try myself, and seek him as well as her.
It cannot be such a very difficult matter.’ But he fared no better than
his brother, and in eight days his head was cut off.
So now there was only the youngest at home, and when the other two never
came he also begged for a ship that he might go in search of his lost
brothers. And when the vessel started a high wind arose, and blew him
straight to the harbour where the notice was set.
‘Oho!’ said he, as he read, ‘whoever can find the king’s daughter shall
have her to wife. It is quite clear now what has befallen my brothers.
But in spite of that I think I must try my luck,’ and he took the road
to the castle.
On the way he met an old woman, who stopped and begged.
‘Leave me in peace, old woman,’ replied he.
‘Oh, do not send me away empty,’ she said. ‘You are such a handsome
young man you will surely not refuse an old woman a few pence.’
‘I tell you, old woman, leave me alone.’
‘You are in some trouble?’ she asked. ‘Tell me what it is, and perhaps I
can help you.’
Then he told her how he had set his heart on finding the king’s
daughter.
‘I can easily manage that for you as long as you have enough money.’
‘Oh, as to that, I have plenty,’ answered he.
‘Well, you must take it to a goldsmith and get him to make it into a
golden lion, with eyes of crystal; and inside it must have something
that will enable it to play tunes. When it is ready bring it to me.’
The young man did as he was bid, and when the lion was made the old
woman hid the youth in it, and brought it to the king, who was so
delighted with it that he wanted to buy it. But she replied, ‘It does
not belong to me, and my master will not part from it at any price.’
‘At any rate, leave it with me for a few days,’ said he; ‘I should like
to show it to my daughter.’
‘Yes, I can do that,’ answered the old woman; ‘but to-morrow I must have
it back again. And she went away.
The king watched her till she was quite out of sight, so as to make sure
that she was not spying upon him; then he took the golden lion into his
room and lifted some loose boards from the floor. Below the floor there
was a staircase, which he went down till he reached a door at the
foot. This he unlocked, and found himself in a narrow passage closed by
another door, which he also opened. The young man, hidden in the golden
lion, kept count of everything, and marked that there were in all seven
doors. After they had all been unlocked the king entered a lovely hall,
where the princess was amusing herself with eleven friends. All twelve
girls wore the same clothes, and were as like each other as two peas.
‘What bad luck!’ thought the youth. ‘Even supposing that I managed to
find my way here again, I don’t see how I could ever tell which was the
princess.’
And he stared hard at the princess as she clapped her hands with joy and
ran up to them, crying, ‘ Oh, do let us keep that delicious beast for
to-night; it will make such a nice plaything.’
The king did not stay long, and when he left he handed over the lion to
the maidens, who amused themselves with it for some time, till they got
sleepy, and thought it was time to go to bed. But the princess took the
lion into her own room and laid it on the floor.
She was just beginning to doze when she heard a voice quite close to
her, which made her jump. ‘O lovely princess, if you only knew what
I have gone through to find you!’ The princess jumped out of bed
screaming, ‘The lion! the lion!’ but her friends thought it was a
nightmare, and did not trouble themselves to get up.
‘O lovely úprincess!’ continued the voice, ‘fear nothing! I am the son
of a rich merchant, and desire above all things to have you for my wife.
And in order to get to you I have hidden myself in this golden lion.’
‘What use is that?’ she asked. ‘For if you cannot pick me out from among
my companions you will still lose your head.’
‘I look to you to help me,’ he said. ‘I have done so much for you that
you might do this one thing for me.’
‘Then listen to me. On the eighth day I will tie a white sash round my
waist, and by that you will know me.’
The next morning the king came very early to fetch the lion, as the old
woman was already at the palace asking for it. When they were safe from
view she let the young man out, and he returned to the king and told him
that he wished to find the princess.
‘Very good,’ said the king, who by this time was almost tired of
repeating the same words; ‘but if you fail your head will be the
forfeit.’
So the youth remained quietly in the castle, eating and looking at all
the beautiful things around him, and every now and then pretending to
be searching busily in all the closets and corners. On the eighth day he
entered the room where the king was sitting. ‘Take up the floor in this
place,’ he said. The king gave a cry, but stopped himself, and asked,
‘What do you want the floor up for? There is nothing there.’
But as all his courtiers were watching him he did not like to make any
more objections, and ordered the floor to be taken up, as the young man
desired. The youth then want straight down the staircase till he reached
the door; then he turned and demanded that the key should be brought.
So the king was forced to unlock the door, and the next and the next and
the next, till all seven were open, and they entered into the hall where
the twelve maidens were standing all in a row, so like that none might
tell them apart. But as he looked one of them silently drew a white sash
from her pocket and slipped it round her waist, and the young man sprang
to her and said, ‘This is the princess, and I claim her for my wife.’
And the king owned himself beaten, and commanded that the wedding feast
should be held.
After eight days the bridal pair said farewell to the king, and set
sail for the youth’s own country, taking with them a whole shipload of
treasures as the princess’s dowry. But they did not forget the old woman
who had brought about all their happiness, and they gave her enough
money to make her comfortable to the end of her days.
Story DNA
Moral
With cleverness and help, even the most impossible tasks can be overcome, and good deeds are often rewarded.
Plot Summary
Three merchant sons leave home, with the first two attempting a king's deadly challenge to find his hidden princess, failing, and being executed. The youngest son arrives, learns of his brothers' fate, and with the help of a wise old woman, hides inside a golden lion to discover the princess's secret chamber and the difficulty of identifying her among twelve identical maidens. The princess, touched by his plight, agrees to signal him on the final day, allowing him to correctly choose her and claim her as his wife, ultimately rewarding the old woman and sailing home with his bride.
Themes
Emotional Arc
despair to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale from 'Sicilianische Mahrchen' by L. Gonzenbach, indicating its roots in Sicilian oral tradition, likely reflecting common European folk tale motifs of the time.
Plot Beats (15)
- A rich merchant's eldest son travels, finds a kingdom with a challenge: find the princess in 8 days or die.
- The eldest son attempts the challenge, fails to find the princess, and is executed.
- The second son goes to find his brother, discovers the same challenge, attempts it, fails, and is executed.
- The youngest son goes to find his brothers, arrives at the same kingdom, and reads the proclamation.
- The youngest son meets an old woman who offers to help him find the princess in exchange for money.
- The old woman instructs him to have a golden lion made with crystal eyes and a music mechanism, then hides him inside it.
- The old woman brings the golden lion to the king, who is delighted and wants to buy it, but she only agrees to leave it for a day.
- The king, believing himself unobserved, takes the lion to a secret chamber, unlocking seven doors to reveal the princess and eleven identical companions.
- The youngest son, hidden in the lion, realizes the difficulty of identifying the princess, but she expresses joy over the 'beast' and takes it to her room.
- The youngest son reveals himself to the princess, explaining his quest and the fate of his brothers, and she agrees to help him by wearing a white sash on the eighth day.
- The next morning, the old woman retrieves the lion, and the youngest son formally requests to undertake the challenge.
- On the eighth day, the youngest son demands the floor be taken up, revealing the secret passage, and forces the king to unlock all seven doors.
- The youngest son enters the hall where the twelve identical maidens stand, and the princess subtly puts on the white sash, allowing him to identify her.
- The king accepts defeat, and the youngest son marries the princess.
- The couple sails to his home country with treasures and rewards the old woman generously.
Characters
Youngest Son
Handsome
Attire: Fine clothes befitting a merchant's son, likely including a cloak and perhaps a decorative hat
Resourceful, determined
Princess
Identical to her eleven companions
Attire: Identical dresses to her eleven companions, later distinguished by a white sash
Helpful, clever
King
Not described physically
Attire: Royal robes and crown
Deceptive, possessive
Old Woman
Poorly dressed, begging
Attire: Ragged clothing
Helpful, wise
Second Son
Not described physically
Attire: Fine clothes befitting a merchant's son
Determined, but not clever
First Son
Not described physically
Attire: Fine clothes befitting a merchant's son
Naive, overconfident
Locations
Town Pier
A pier where ships cast anchor, with a notice board displaying the king's challenge.
Mood: ominous, challenging
The merchant's sons arrive and learn about the princess challenge.
King's Palace
A palace with many rooms, closets, and corners to search, beautiful things all around.
Mood: deceptive, opulent, dangerous
The brothers search for the princess and ultimately fail.
Hidden Hall
A lovely hall hidden behind seven locked doors beneath the palace floor, where the princess and her eleven identical friends reside.
Mood: secret, magical, enchanting
The hero discovers the princess's hiding place and receives her help.
Princess's Room
The princess's bedchamber, where she sleeps with her eleven friends nearby.
Mood: intimate, secretive
The hero speaks to the princess inside the lion and she reveals how to identify her.
Open Sea
The sea between the king's land and the youth's own country.
Mood: hopeful, adventurous
The bridal pair sails home with the princess's dowry.