The Three Brothers
by Andrew Lang · from The Pink Fairy Book
Original Story
The Three Brothers
Translated from the German of the Brothers Grimm.
There was once a man who had three sons, and no other possessions
beyond the house in which he lived. Now the father loved his three sons
equally, so that he could not make up his mind which of them should have
the house after his death, because he did not wish to favour any one
more than the others. And he did not want to sell the house, because
it had belonged to his family for generations; otherwise he could have
divided the money equally amongst them. At last an idea struck him, and
he said to his sons: ‘You must all go out into the world, and look about
you, and each learn a trade, and then, when you return, whoever can
produce the best masterpiece shall have the house.’
The sons were quite satisfied. The eldest wished to be a blacksmith, the
second a barber, and the third a fencing-master. They appointed a time
when they were to return home, and then they all set out.
It so happened that each found a good master, where he learnt all that
was necessary for his trade in the best possible way. The blacksmith had
to shoe the king’s horses, and thought to himself, ‘Without doubt the
house will be yours!’ The barber shaved the best men in the kingdom,
and he, too, made sure that the house would be his. The fencing-master
received many a blow, but he set his teeth, and would not allow himself
to be troubled by them, for he thought to himself, ‘If you are afraid of
a blow you will never get the house.’
When the appointed time had come the three brothers met once more, and
they sat down and discussed the best opportunity of showing off their
skill. Just then a hare came running across the field towards them.
‘Look!’ said the barber, ‘here comes something in the nick of time!’
seized basin and soap, made a lather whilst the hare was approaching,
and then, as it ran at full tilt, shaved its moustaches, without cutting
it or injuring a single hair on its body.
‘I like that very much indeed,’ said the father. ‘Unless the others
exert themselves to the utmost, the house will be yours.’
Soon after they saw a man driving a carriage furiously towards them.
‘Now, father, you shall see what I can do!’ said the blacksmith, and he
sprang after the carriage, tore off the four shoes of the horse as
it was going at the top of its speed, and shod it with four new ones
without checking its pace.
‘You are a clever fellow!’ said the father, ‘and know your trade as well
as your brother. I really don’t know to which of you I shall give the
house.’
Then the third son said, ‘Father, let me also show you something;’ and,
as it was beginning to rain, he drew his sword and swung it in cross
cuts above his head, so that not a drop fell on him, and the rain fell
heavier and heavier, till at last it was coming down like a waterspout,
but he swung his sword faster and faster, and kept as dry as if he were
under cover.
When the father saw this he was astonished, and said, ‘You have produced
the greatest masterpiece: the house is yours.’
Both the other brothers were quite satisfied, and praised him too, and
as they were so fond of each other they all three remained at home and
plied their trades: and as they were so experienced and skilful they
earned a great deal of money. So they lived happily together till they
were quite old, and when one was taken ill and died the two others were
so deeply grieved that they were also taken ill and died too. And so,
because they had all been so clever, and so fond of each other, they
were all laid in one grave.
Story DNA
Moral
True mastery and ingenuity, especially when combined with love and unity, lead to lasting happiness and prosperity.
Plot Summary
A father with three sons, owning only his house, challenges them to learn trades and present a masterpiece to decide who inherits it. Each son masters a unique skill: a barber shaves a running hare, a blacksmith re-shoes a moving horse, and a fencing-master deflects rain with his sword. The father declares the fencing-master's feat the greatest, but the brothers' strong love for each other leads them to live together, pooling their wealth. They live happily into old age, eventually dying together due to their profound grief for one another, and are buried in a single grave.
Themes
Emotional Arc
uncertainty to unity and contentment
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects a pre-industrial society where trades were highly valued and passed down through generations. The idea of a 'masterpiece' was a common requirement for journeymen to become masters in guilds.
Plot Beats (14)
- A father with three sons owns only his house and cannot decide which son should inherit it without showing favoritism.
- The father devises a challenge: each son must go out, learn a trade, and the one who produces the best masterpiece will inherit the house.
- The eldest chooses to be a blacksmith, the second a barber, and the third a fencing-master; they set a return date and depart.
- Each son finds a good master and diligently learns their respective trade, believing their skill will win them the house.
- Upon their return, the brothers meet and discuss how to best showcase their skills.
- A hare runs by, and the barber swiftly shaves its mustache without cutting it, impressing the father.
- A carriage approaches furiously, and the blacksmith re-shoes the horse with new shoes while it's still moving at full speed, again impressing the father.
- The third son, the fencing-master, demonstrates his skill by drawing his sword and swinging it so rapidly that no rain falls on him during a heavy downpour.
- The father, astonished by the fencing-master's ingenuity, declares his masterpiece the greatest and awards him the house.
- The other brothers are satisfied and praise their brother, showing their strong familial bond.
- Due to their love for each other, all three brothers decide to live together in the house, plying their trades.
- Their combined skill and hard work earn them great wealth, and they live happily together into old age.
- When one brother falls ill and dies, the other two are so heartbroken that they also fall ill and die shortly after.
- The three brothers are laid to rest together in one grave, symbolizing their lifelong unity.
Characters
The Father
Not described, but presumably of an age to have three adult sons.
Attire: Simple, practical clothing of a homeowner in a rural setting.
Fair, indecisive, values family tradition.
The Eldest Son
Strong, muscular build from blacksmithing.
Attire: Leather apron, sturdy boots, simple tunic.
Confident, skilled, competitive.
The Second Son
Nimble fingers, steady hand.
Attire: Clean, practical clothing, perhaps with a barber's apron.
Precise, meticulous, skilled.
The Third Son
Agile, coordinated.
Attire: Practical clothing that allows for freedom of movement, sword belt.
Focused, disciplined, skilled.
The Hare
Wild hare, brown fur.
Attire: None.
Unwitting participant.
The King's Horse
Strong, fast horse.
Attire: Horse shoes.
Hard working.
Locations
The Father's House
A house that has belonged to the family for generations
Mood: familiar, loved
The father decides on the contest to determine who inherits the house.
Blacksmith's Forge
Where the eldest son learns to shoe horses, specifically the king's horses
Mood: industrious, hot
The blacksmith hones his skills, believing he will win the house.
Barber's Shop
Where the second son learns to shave, specifically shaving the best men in the kingdom
Mood: clean, precise
The barber hones his skills, believing he will win the house.
Open Field
A field where the brothers reunite and demonstrate their skills
Mood: competitive, tense
The brothers compete to show their skills; the fencing-master wins.