The Three Brothers

by Andrew Lang · from The Pink Fairy Book

fairy tale moral tale hopeful Ages 5-10 673 words 3 min read
Cover: The Three Brothers
Original Story 673 words · 3 min read

The Three Brothers

Translated from the German of the Brothers Grimm.

There was once a man who had three sons, and no other possessions

beyond the house in which he lived. Now the father loved his three sons

equally, so that he could not make up his mind which of them should have

the house after his death, because he did not wish to favour any one

more than the others. And he did not want to sell the house, because

it had belonged to his family for generations; otherwise he could have

divided the money equally amongst them. At last an idea struck him, and

he said to his sons: ‘You must all go out into the world, and look about

you, and each learn a trade, and then, when you return, whoever can

produce the best masterpiece shall have the house.’

The sons were quite satisfied. The eldest wished to be a blacksmith, the

second a barber, and the third a fencing-master. They appointed a time

when they were to return home, and then they all set out.

It so happened that each found a good master, where he learnt all that

was necessary for his trade in the best possible way. The blacksmith had

to shoe the king’s horses, and thought to himself, ‘Without doubt the

house will be yours!’ The barber shaved the best men in the kingdom,

and he, too, made sure that the house would be his. The fencing-master

received many a blow, but he set his teeth, and would not allow himself

to be troubled by them, for he thought to himself, ‘If you are afraid of

a blow you will never get the house.’

When the appointed time had come the three brothers met once more, and

they sat down and discussed the best opportunity of showing off their

skill. Just then a hare came running across the field towards them.

‘Look!’ said the barber, ‘here comes something in the nick of time!’

seized basin and soap, made a lather whilst the hare was approaching,

and then, as it ran at full tilt, shaved its moustaches, without cutting

it or injuring a single hair on its body.

‘I like that very much indeed,’ said the father. ‘Unless the others

exert themselves to the utmost, the house will be yours.’

Soon after they saw a man driving a carriage furiously towards them.

‘Now, father, you shall see what I can do!’ said the blacksmith, and he

sprang after the carriage, tore off the four shoes of the horse as

it was going at the top of its speed, and shod it with four new ones

without checking its pace.

‘You are a clever fellow!’ said the father, ‘and know your trade as well

as your brother. I really don’t know to which of you I shall give the

house.’

Then the third son said, ‘Father, let me also show you something;’ and,

as it was beginning to rain, he drew his sword and swung it in cross

cuts above his head, so that not a drop fell on him, and the rain fell

heavier and heavier, till at last it was coming down like a waterspout,

but he swung his sword faster and faster, and kept as dry as if he were

under cover.

When the father saw this he was astonished, and said, ‘You have produced

the greatest masterpiece: the house is yours.’

Both the other brothers were quite satisfied, and praised him too, and

as they were so fond of each other they all three remained at home and

plied their trades: and as they were so experienced and skilful they

earned a great deal of money. So they lived happily together till they

were quite old, and when one was taken ill and died the two others were

so deeply grieved that they were also taken ill and died too. And so,

because they had all been so clever, and so fond of each other, they

were all laid in one grave.


Story DNA

Moral

True mastery and ingenuity, especially when combined with love and unity, lead to lasting happiness and prosperity.

Plot Summary

A father with three sons, owning only his house, challenges them to learn trades and present a masterpiece to decide who inherits it. Each son masters a unique skill: a barber shaves a running hare, a blacksmith re-shoes a moving horse, and a fencing-master deflects rain with his sword. The father declares the fencing-master's feat the greatest, but the brothers' strong love for each other leads them to live together, pooling their wealth. They live happily into old age, eventually dying together due to their profound grief for one another, and are buried in a single grave.

Themes

skill and masteryfamilial love and unityfairness and impartialitythe value of hard work

Emotional Arc

uncertainty to unity and contentment

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: sparse
Techniques: rule of three

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self
Ending: bittersweet
the house (representing inheritance, family legacy, and unity)the tools of their trades (representing skill and identity)

Cultural Context

Origin: German
Era: timeless fairy tale

Reflects a pre-industrial society where trades were highly valued and passed down through generations. The idea of a 'masterpiece' was a common requirement for journeymen to become masters in guilds.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A father with three sons owns only his house and cannot decide which son should inherit it without showing favoritism.
  2. The father devises a challenge: each son must go out, learn a trade, and the one who produces the best masterpiece will inherit the house.
  3. The eldest chooses to be a blacksmith, the second a barber, and the third a fencing-master; they set a return date and depart.
  4. Each son finds a good master and diligently learns their respective trade, believing their skill will win them the house.
  5. Upon their return, the brothers meet and discuss how to best showcase their skills.
  6. A hare runs by, and the barber swiftly shaves its mustache without cutting it, impressing the father.
  7. A carriage approaches furiously, and the blacksmith re-shoes the horse with new shoes while it's still moving at full speed, again impressing the father.
  8. The third son, the fencing-master, demonstrates his skill by drawing his sword and swinging it so rapidly that no rain falls on him during a heavy downpour.
  9. The father, astonished by the fencing-master's ingenuity, declares his masterpiece the greatest and awards him the house.
  10. The other brothers are satisfied and praise their brother, showing their strong familial bond.
  11. Due to their love for each other, all three brothers decide to live together in the house, plying their trades.
  12. Their combined skill and hard work earn them great wealth, and they live happily together into old age.
  13. When one brother falls ill and dies, the other two are so heartbroken that they also fall ill and die shortly after.
  14. The three brothers are laid to rest together in one grave, symbolizing their lifelong unity.

Characters

👤

The Father

human adult male

Not described, but presumably of an age to have three adult sons.

Attire: Simple, practical clothing of a homeowner in a rural setting.

His worried expression as he contemplates dividing his inheritance.

Fair, indecisive, values family tradition.

👤

The Eldest Son

human young adult male

Strong, muscular build from blacksmithing.

Attire: Leather apron, sturdy boots, simple tunic.

Striking a horseshoe with a hammer, sparks flying.

Confident, skilled, competitive.

👤

The Second Son

human young adult male

Nimble fingers, steady hand.

Attire: Clean, practical clothing, perhaps with a barber's apron.

Holding a straight razor and lathering brush.

Precise, meticulous, skilled.

👤

The Third Son

human young adult male

Agile, coordinated.

Attire: Practical clothing that allows for freedom of movement, sword belt.

Swinging a sword in a complex pattern, deflecting rain.

Focused, disciplined, skilled.

🐾

The Hare

animal adult unknown

Wild hare, brown fur.

Attire: None.

Hare with a cleanly shaven face.

Unwitting participant.

🐾

The King's Horse

animal adult unknown

Strong, fast horse.

Attire: Horse shoes.

Horse with newly shod hooves.

Hard working.

Locations

The Father's House

indoor

A house that has belonged to the family for generations

Mood: familiar, loved

The father decides on the contest to determine who inherits the house.

walls roof hearth generations of memories

Blacksmith's Forge

indoor

Where the eldest son learns to shoe horses, specifically the king's horses

Mood: industrious, hot

The blacksmith hones his skills, believing he will win the house.

anvil hammer horseshoe fire king's horses

Barber's Shop

indoor

Where the second son learns to shave, specifically shaving the best men in the kingdom

Mood: clean, precise

The barber hones his skills, believing he will win the house.

razor soap basin chair best men in the kingdom

Open Field

outdoor rainy

A field where the brothers reunite and demonstrate their skills

Mood: competitive, tense

The brothers compete to show their skills; the fencing-master wins.

hare carriage rain sword