The Three Brothers
by Andrew Lang

The Three Brothers
A father had three sons and one house. He loved them all the same. He did not know who should get it. He had a good idea. "Go and learn a trade," he said. "Come back. Show me your best work. The best one gets the house."
The sons were happy. The Eldest Brother learned to be a blacksmith. The Second Brother learned to be a barber. The Third Brother learned fencing. They worked very hard. They learned their trades well.
The brothers came home. They wanted to show their skills. A hare ran by. The Second Brother saw it. He made soap foam. He shaved the hare's face. He did not cut the hare. The hair was still there. Father was very impressed.
Then a horse came. It pulled a carriage very fast. The Eldest Brother ran to it. He took off the old shoes. He put on new shoes. The horse did not stop. Father was very impressed.
Then it started to rain. The Third Brother took his sword. He swung it very fast. The rain could not touch him. He stayed dry. Father was very surprised.
"You are the best," Father said. "The house is yours." The other brothers were happy. They loved their brother. They all lived in the house together. They worked at their trades. They earned much money. They were very happy.
After many happy years, the brothers grew old. They died peacefully, together. They were buried in one grave. They were always united.
With skill and love, the brothers found happiness.
Original Story
The Three Brothers Translated from the German of the Brothers Grimm. There was once a man who had three sons, and no other possessions beyond the house in which he lived. Now the father loved his three sons equally, so that he could not make up his mind which of them should have the house after his death, because he did not wish to favour any one more than the others. And he did not want to sell the house, because it had belonged to his family for generations; otherwise he could have divided the money equally amongst them. At last an idea struck him, and he said to his sons: ‘You must all go out into the world, and look about you, and each learn a trade, and then, when you return, whoever can produce the best masterpiece shall have the house.’ The sons were quite satisfied. The eldest wished to be a blacksmith, the second a barber, and the third a fencing-master. They appointed a time when they were to return home, and then they all set out. It so happened that each found a good master, where he learnt all that was necessary for his trade in the best possible way. The blacksmith had to shoe the king’s horses, and thought to himself, ‘Without doubt the house will be yours!’ The barber shaved the best men in the kingdom, and he, too, made sure that the house would be his. The fencing-master received many a blow, but he set his teeth, and would not allow himself to be troubled by them, for he thought to himself, ‘If you are afraid of a blow you will never get the house.’ When the appointed time had come the three brothers met once more, and they sat down and discussed the best opportunity of showing off their skill. Just then a hare came running across the field towards them. ‘Look!’ said the barber, ‘here comes something in the nick of time!’ seized basin and soap, made a lather whilst the hare was approaching, and then, as it ran at full tilt, shaved its moustaches, without cutting it or injuring a single hair on its body. ‘I like that very much indeed,’ said the father. ‘Unless the others exert themselves to the utmost, the house will be yours.’ Soon after they saw a man driving a carriage furiously towards them. ‘Now, father, you shall see what I can do!’ said the blacksmith, and he sprang after the carriage, tore off the four shoes of the horse as it was going at the top of its speed, and shod it with four new ones without checking its pace. ‘You are a clever fellow!’ said the father, ‘and know your trade as well as your brother. I really don’t know to which of you I shall give the house.’ Then the third son said, ‘Father, let me also show you something;’ and, as it was beginning to rain, he drew his sword and swung it in cross cuts above his head, so that not a drop fell on him, and the rain fell heavier and heavier, till at last it was coming down like a waterspout, but he swung his sword faster and faster, and kept as dry as if he were under cover. When the father saw this he was astonished, and said, ‘You have produced the greatest masterpiece: the house is yours.’ Both the other brothers were quite satisfied, and praised him too, and as they were so fond of each other they all three remained at home and plied their trades: and as they were so experienced and skilful they earned a great deal of money. So they lived happily together till they were quite old, and when one was taken ill and died the two others were so deeply grieved that they were also taken ill and died too. And so, because they had all been so clever, and so fond of each other, they were all laid in one grave.
Moral of the Story
True mastery and ingenuity, especially when combined with love and unity, lead to lasting happiness and prosperity.
Characters
The Father ◆ supporting
Not described, but presumably of an age to have three adult sons.
Attire: Simple, practical clothing of a homeowner in a rural setting.
Fair, indecisive, values family tradition.
The Eldest Son ◆ supporting
Strong, muscular build from blacksmithing.
Attire: Leather apron, sturdy boots, simple tunic.
Confident, skilled, competitive.
The Second Son ◆ supporting
Nimble fingers, steady hand.
Attire: Clean, practical clothing, perhaps with a barber's apron.
Precise, meticulous, skilled.
The Third Son ★ protagonist
Agile, coordinated.
Attire: Practical clothing that allows for freedom of movement, sword belt.
Focused, disciplined, skilled.
The Hare ○ minor
Wild hare, brown fur.
Attire: None.
Unwitting participant.
The King's Horse ○ minor
Strong, fast horse.
Attire: Horse shoes.
Hard working.
Locations

The Father's House
A house that has belonged to the family for generations
Mood: familiar, loved
The father decides on the contest to determine who inherits the house.

Blacksmith's Forge
Where the eldest son learns to shoe horses, specifically the king's horses
Mood: industrious, hot
The blacksmith hones his skills, believing he will win the house.

Barber's Shop
Where the second son learns to shave, specifically shaving the best men in the kingdom
Mood: clean, precise
The barber hones his skills, believing he will win the house.

Open Field
A field where the brothers reunite and demonstrate their skills
Mood: competitive, tense
The brothers compete to show their skills; the fencing-master wins.
Story DNA
Moral
True mastery and ingenuity, especially when combined with love and unity, lead to lasting happiness and prosperity.
Plot Summary
A father with three sons, owning only his house, challenges them to learn trades and present a masterpiece to decide who inherits it. Each son masters a unique skill: a barber shaves a running hare, a blacksmith re-shoes a moving horse, and a fencing-master deflects rain with his sword. The father declares the fencing-master's feat the greatest, but the brothers' strong love for each other leads them to live together, pooling their wealth. They live happily into old age, eventually dying together due to their profound grief for one another, and are buried in a single grave.
Themes
Emotional Arc
uncertainty to unity and contentment
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects a pre-industrial society where trades were highly valued and passed down through generations. The idea of a 'masterpiece' was a common requirement for journeymen to become masters in guilds.
Plot Beats (14)
- A father with three sons owns only his house and cannot decide which son should inherit it without showing favoritism.
- The father devises a challenge: each son must go out, learn a trade, and the one who produces the best masterpiece will inherit the house.
- The eldest chooses to be a blacksmith, the second a barber, and the third a fencing-master; they set a return date and depart.
- Each son finds a good master and diligently learns their respective trade, believing their skill will win them the house.
- Upon their return, the brothers meet and discuss how to best showcase their skills.
- A hare runs by, and the barber swiftly shaves its mustache without cutting it, impressing the father.
- A carriage approaches furiously, and the blacksmith re-shoes the horse with new shoes while it's still moving at full speed, again impressing the father.
- The third son, the fencing-master, demonstrates his skill by drawing his sword and swinging it so rapidly that no rain falls on him during a heavy downpour.
- The father, astonished by the fencing-master's ingenuity, declares his masterpiece the greatest and awards him the house.
- The other brothers are satisfied and praise their brother, showing their strong familial bond.
- Due to their love for each other, all three brothers decide to live together in the house, plying their trades.
- Their combined skill and hard work earn them great wealth, and they live happily together into old age.
- When one brother falls ill and dies, the other two are so heartbroken that they also fall ill and die shortly after.
- The three brothers are laid to rest together in one grave, symbolizing their lifelong unity.





