Farmer Weatherbeard
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
FARMER WEATHERBEARD
There was once upon a time a man and a woman who had an only son, and
he was called Jack. The woman thought that it was his duty to go out to
service, and told her husband that he was to take him somewhere.
‘You must get him such a good place that he will become master of all
masters,’ she said, and then she put some food and a roll of tobacco
into a bag for them.
Well, they went to a great many masters, but all said that they could
make the lad as good as they were themselves, but better than that they
could not make him. When the man came home to the old woman with this
answer, she said, ‘I shall be equally well pleased whatever you do with
him; but this I do say, that you are to have him made a master over all
masters.’ Then she once more put some food and a roll of tobacco into
the bag, and the man and his son had to set out again.
When they had walked some distance they got upon the ice, and there
they met a man in a carriage who was driving a black horse.
‘Where are you going?’ he said.
‘I have to go and get my son apprenticed to someone who will be able to
teach him a trade, for my old woman comes of such well-to-do folk that
she insists on his being taught to be master of all masters,’ said the
man.
‘We are not ill met, then,’ said the man who was driving, ‘for I am the
kind of man who can do that, and I am just looking out for such an
apprentice. Get up behind with you,’ he said to the boy, and off the
horse went with them straight up into the air.
‘No, no, wait a little!’ screamed the father of the boy. ‘I ought to
know what your name is and where you live.’
‘Oh, I am at home both in the north and the south and the east and the
west, and I am called Farmer Weatherbeard,’ said the master. ‘You may
come here again in a year’s time, and then I will tell you if the lad
suits me.’ And then they set off again and were gone.
When the man got home the old woman inquired what had become of the
son.
‘Ah! Heaven only knows what has become of him!’ said the man. ‘They
went up aloft.’ And then he told her what had happened.
But when the woman heard that, and found that the man did not at all
know either when their son would be out of his apprentice-ship, or
where he had gone, she packed him off again to find out, and gave him a
bag of food and a roll of tobacco to take away with him.
When he had walked for some time he came to a great wood, and it
stretched before him all day long as he went on, and when night began
to fall he saw a great light, and went towards it. After a long, long
time he came to a small hut at the foot of a rock, outside which an old
woman was standing drawing water up from a well with her nose, it was
so long.
‘Good-evening, mother,’ said the man.
‘Good-evening to you too,’ said the old woman. ‘No one has called me
mother this hundred years.’
‘Can I lodge here to-night?’ said the man.
‘No,’ said the old woman. But the man took out his roll of tobacco,
lighted a little of it, and then gave her a whiff. Then she was so
delighted that she began to dance, and thus the man got leave to stay
the night there. It was not long before he asked about Farmer
Weatherbeard.
She said that she knew nothing about him, but that she ruled over all
the four-footed beasts, and some of them might know him. So she
gathered them all together by blowing a whistle which she had, and
questioned them, but there was not one of them which knew anything
about Farmer Weatherbeard.
‘Well,’ said the old woman, ‘there are three of us sisters; it may be
that one of the other two knows where he is to be found. You shall have
the loan of my horse and carriage, and then you will get there by
night; but her house is three hundred miles off, go the nearest way you
will.’
The man set out and got there at night. When he arrived, this old woman
also was standing drawing water out of the well with her nose.
‘Good-evening, mother,’ said the man.
‘Good-evening to you,’ said the old woman. ‘No one has ever called me
mother this hundred years.’
‘Can I lodge here to-night?’ said the man.
‘No,’ said the old woman.
Then he took out the roll of tobacco, took a whiff, and gave the old
woman some snuff on the back of her hand. Then she was so delighted
that she began to dance, and the man got leave to stay all night. It
was not long before he began to ask about Farmer Weatherbeard.
She knew nothing about him, but she ruled over all the fishes, she
said, and perhaps some of them might know something. So she gathered
them all together by blowing a whistle which she had, and questioned
them, but there was not one of them which knew anything about Farmer
Weatherbeard.
‘Well,’ said the old woman, ‘I have another sister; perhaps she may
know something about him. She lives six hundred miles off, but you
shall have my horse and carriage, and then you will get there by
nightfall.’
So the man set off and he got there by nightfall. The old woman was
standing raking the fire, and she was doing it with her nose, so long
it was.
‘Good-evening, mother,’ said the man.
‘Good-evening to you,’ said the old woman. ‘No one has called me mother
this hundred years.’
‘Can I lodge here to-night?’ said the man.
‘No,’ said the old woman. But the man pulled out his roll of tobacco
again, and filled his pipe with some of it, and gave the old woman
enough snuff to cover the back of her hand. Then she was so delighted
that she began to dance, and the man got leave to stay in her house. It
was not long before he asked about Farmer Weatherbeard. She knew
nothing at all about him, she said, but she governed all the birds; and
she gathered them together with her whistle. When she questioned them
all, the eagle was not there, but it came soon afterwards, and when
asked, it said that it had just come from Farmer Weatherbeard’s. Then
the old woman said that it was to guide the man to him. But the eagle
would have something to eat first, and then it wanted to wait until the
next day, for it was so tired with the long journey that it was
scarcely able to rise from the earth.
When the eagle had had plenty of food and rest, the old woman plucked a
feather out of its tail, and set the man in the feather’s place, and
then the bird flew away with him, but they did not get to Farmer
Weatherbeard’s before midnight.
When they got there the Eagle said: ‘There are a great many dead bodies
lying outside the door, but you must not concern yourself about them.
The people who are inside the house are all so sound asleep that it
will not be easy to awake them; but you must go straight to the
table-drawer, and take out three bits of bread, and if you hear anyone
snoring, pluck three feathers from his head; he will not waken for
that.’
The man did this; when he had got the bits of bread he first plucked
out one feather.
‘Oof!’ screamed Farmer Weatherbeard.
So the man plucked out another, and then Farmer Weatherbeard shrieked
‘Oof!’ again; but when the man had plucked the third, Farmer
Weatherbeard screamed so loudly that the man thought that brick and
mortar would be rent in twain, but for all that he went on sleeping.
And now the Eagle told the man what he was to do next, and he did it.
He went to the stable door, and there he stumbled against a hard stone,
which he picked up, and beneath it lay three splinters of wood, which
he also picked up. He knocked at the stable door and it opened at once.
He threw down the three little bits of bread and a hare came out and
ate them. He caught the hare. Then the Eagle told him to pluck three
feathers out of its tail, and put in the hare, the stone, the splinters
of wood and himself instead of them, and then he would be able to carry
them all home.
When the Eagle had flown a long way it alighted on a stone.
‘Do you see anything?’ it asked.
‘Yes; I see a flock of crows coming flying after us,’ said the man.
‘Then we shall do well to fly on a little farther,’ said the Eagle, and
off it set.
In a short time it asked again, ‘Do you see anything now?’
‘Yes; now the crows are close behind us,’ said the man.
‘Then throw down the three feathers which you plucked out of his head,’
said the Eagle.
So the man did this, and no sooner had he flung them down than the
feathers became a flock of ravens, which chased the crows home again.
Then the Eagle flew on much farther with the man, but at length it
alighted on a stone for a while.
‘Do you see anything?’ it said.
‘I am not quite certain,’ said the man, ‘but I think I see something
coming in the far distance.’
‘Then we shall do well to fly on a little farther,’ said the Eagle, and
away it went.
‘Do you see anything now?’ it said, after some time had gone by.
‘Yes; now they are close behind us,’ said the man.
‘Then throw down the splinters of wood which you took from beneath the
gray stone by the stable door,’ said the Eagle. The man did this, and
no sooner had he flung them down than they grew up into a great thick
wood, and Farmer Weatherbeard had to go home for an axe to cut his way
through it. So the Eagle flew on a long, long way, but then it grew
tired and sat down on a fir tree.
‘Do you see anything?’ it asked.
‘Yes; I am not quite certain,’ said the man, ‘but I think I can catch a
glimpse of something far, far away.’
‘Then we shall do well to fly on a little farther,’ said the Eagle, and
it set off again.
‘Do you see anything now?’ it said after some time had gone by.
‘Yes; he is close behind us now,’ said the man.
‘Then you must fling down the great stone which you took away from the
stable door,’ said the Eagle.
The man did so, and it turned into a great high mountain of stone,
which Farmer Weatherbeard had to break his way through before he could
follow them. But when he had got to the middle of the mountain he broke
one of his legs, so he had to go home to get it put right.
While he was doing this the Eagle flew off to the man’s home with him,
and with the hare, and when they had got home the man went to the
churchyard, and had some Christian earth laid upon the hare, and then
it turned into his son Jack.
When the time came for the fair the youth turned himself into a
light-coloured horse, and bade his father go to the market with him.
‘If anyone should come who wants to buy me,’ said he, ‘you are to tell
him that you want a hundred dollars for me; but you must not forget to
take off the halter, for if you do I shall never be able to get away
from Farmer Weatherbeard, for he is the man who will come and bargain
for me.’
And thus it happened. A horse-dealer came who had a great fancy to
bargain for the horse, and the man got a hundred dollars for it, but
when the bargain was made, and Jack’s father had got the money, the
horse-dealer wanted to have the halter.
‘That was no part of our bargain,’ said the man, ‘and the halter you
shall not have, for I have other horses which I shall have to sell.’
So each of them went his way. But the horse dealer had not got very far
with Jack before he resumed his own form again, and when the man got
home he was sitting on the bench by the stove.
The next day he changed himself into a brown horse and told his father
that he was to set off to market with him. ‘If a man should come who
wants to buy me,’ said Jack, ‘you are to tell him that you want two
hundred dollars, for that he will give, and treat you besides; but
whatsoever you drink, and whatsoever you do, don’t forget to take the
halter off me, or you will never see me more.’
And thus it happened. The man got his two hundred dollars for the
horse, and was treated as well, and when they parted from each other it
was just as much as he could do to remember to take off the halter. But
the buyer had not got far on his way before the youth took his own form
again, and when the man reached home Jack was already sitting on the
bench by the stove.
On the third day all happened in the same way. The youth changed
himself into a great black horse, and told his father that if a man
came and offered him three hundred dollars, and treated him well and
handsomely into the bargain, he was to sell him, but whatsoever he did,
or how much soever he drank, he must not forget to take off the halter,
or else he himself would never get away from Farmer Weatherbeard as
long as he lived.
‘No,’ said the man, ‘I will not forget.’
When he got to the market, he received the three hundred dollars, but
Farmer Weatherbeard treated him so handsomely that he quite forgot to
take off the halter; so Farmer Weatherbeard went away with the horse.
When he had got some distance he had to go into an inn to get some more
brandy; so he set a barrel full of red-hot nails under his horse’s
nose, and a trough filled with oats beneath its tail, and then he tied
the halter fast to a hook and went away into the inn. So the horse
stood there stamping, and kicking, and snorting, and rearing, and out
came a girl who thought it a sin and a shame to treat a horse so ill.
‘Ah, poor creature, what a master you must have to treat you thus!’ she
said, and pushed the halter off the hook so that the horse might turn
round and eat the oats.
‘I am here!’ shrieked Farmer Weatherbeard, rushing out of doors. But
the horse had already shaken off the halter and flung himself into a
goose-pond, where he changed himself into a little fish. Farmer
Weatherbeard went after him, and changed himself into a great pike. So
Jack turned himself into a dove, and Farmer Weatherbeard turned himself
into a hawk, and flew after the dove and struck it. But a Princess was
standing at a window in the King’s palace watching the struggle.
‘If thou didst but know as much as I know, thou wouldst fly in to me
through the window,’ said the Princess to the dove.
So the dove came flying in through the window and changed itself into
Jack again, and told her all as it had happened.
‘Change thyself into a gold ring, and set thyself on my finger,’ said
the Princess.
‘No, that will not do,’ said Jack, ‘for then Farmer Weatherbeard will
make the King fall sick, and there will be no one who can make him well
again before Farmer Weatherbeard comes and cures him, and for that he
will demand the gold ring.’
‘I will say that it was my mother’s, and that I will not part with it,’
said the Princess.
So Jack changed himself into a gold ring, and set himself on the
Princess’s finger, and Farmer Weatherbeard could not get at him there.
But then all that the youth had foretold came to pass.
The King became ill, and there was no doctor who could cure him till
Farmer Weatherbeard arrived, and he demanded the ring which was on the
Princess’s finger as a reward.
So the King sent a messenger to the Princess for the ring. She,
however, refused to part with it, because she had inherited it from her
mother. When the King was informed of this he fell into a rage, and
said that he would have the ring, let her have inherited it from whom
she might.
‘Well, it’s of no use to be angry about it,’ said the Princess, ‘for I
can’t get it off. If you want the ring you will have to take the finger
too!’
‘I will try, and then the ring will very soon come off,’ said Farmer
Weatherbeard.
‘No, thank you, I will try myself,’ said the Princess, and she went
away to the fireplace and put some ashes on the ring.
So the ring came off and was lost among the ashes.
Farmer Weatherbeard changed himself into a hare, which scratched and
scraped about in the fireplace after the ring until the ashes were up
to its ears. But Jack changed himself into a fox, and bit the hare’s
head off, and if Farmer Weatherbeard was possessed by the evil one all
was now over with him.[25]
[25] From P. C. Asbjørnsen.
Story DNA
Moral
Cunning and quick thinking can overcome brute force and malevolent power, especially with the help of allies.
Plot Summary
Jack's mother sends his father to find an apprenticeship where Jack can become 'master of all masters.' Farmer Weatherbeard, a powerful sorcerer, takes Jack, flying away with him. A year later, the father, guided by three magical old women and an eagle, rescues Jack (transformed into a hare) from Weatherbeard's home, using magical obstacles to escape pursuit. Jack, now a master of transformation, repeatedly outwits Weatherbeard at the market, but his father's forgetfulness eventually leads to Jack being captured. A princess frees Jack, leading to a final, intense transformation duel where Jack ultimately defeats and kills Farmer Weatherbeard.
Themes
Emotional Arc
uncertainty to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Collected by P. C. Asbjørnsen, a key figure in preserving Norwegian folk tales, similar to the Brothers Grimm in Germany. These tales often feature common folk (farmers, sons named Jack) encountering the supernatural.
Plot Beats (16)
- Jack's mother demands he be apprenticed to become 'master of all masters,' sending his father to find a suitable teacher.
- The father meets Farmer Weatherbeard, who claims he can fulfill the mother's wish and takes Jack as an apprentice, flying away with him.
- A year later, the father is sent by his wife to find Jack, but he doesn't know where he went.
- The father encounters three magical old women, each ruling a different animal kingdom and possessing an unnaturally long nose, who help him in exchange for tobacco.
- The third old woman's eagle, returning from Farmer Weatherbeard's, agrees to guide the father there.
- At Farmer Weatherbeard's, the eagle instructs the father to steal three bits of bread and three feathers from the sleeping Farmer Weatherbeard, who reacts with loud 'Oofs' but doesn't wake.
- The father also finds a stone and three splinters of wood, then transforms a hare with bread and takes it with him.
- The eagle helps the father escape Farmer Weatherbeard's pursuit by using the stolen feathers, splinters, and stone to create obstacles (ravens, a forest, a mountain).
- Farmer Weatherbeard is injured breaking through the mountain, forcing him to return home.
- The eagle brings the father and the hare (Jack) home; Jack is restored to human form by Christian earth.
- Jack, now a master of transformation, instructs his father to sell him as a horse at the market, warning him to remove the halter, as Farmer Weatherbeard will be the buyer.
- The father successfully sells Jack as a horse twice, remembering to remove the halter, and Jack returns home.
- On the third attempt, the father forgets to remove the halter due to Farmer Weatherbeard's lavish treatment, and Jack is taken away.
- A princess, witnessing Farmer Weatherbeard's cruel treatment of the horse (Jack), frees him from the halter.
- Jack and Farmer Weatherbeard engage in a series of transformations (fish/pike, dove/hawk, ring/sick king), with the princess aiding Jack.
- Jack, as a ring, is lost in ashes; Farmer Weatherbeard, as a hare, searches for him; Jack transforms into a fox and kills Farmer Weatherbeard.
Characters
Jack
Initially a young man going into service, later transforms into various animals
Attire: Peasant clothing appropriate for a young man going into service: tunic, breeches, perhaps a simple hat
Resourceful, clever, determined
Farmer Weatherbeard
Implied to be imposing, with a magical ability to transform
Attire: Practical clothing suitable for a farmer, but with an air of otherworldliness
Deceptive, persistent, powerful
The Father
Sturdy, a working man
Attire: Peasant clothing: tunic, breeches, boots
Obedient, somewhat hapless, easily manipulated
The Mother
Determined, insistent
Attire: Peasant woman's dress: long skirt, bodice, apron
Ambitious, demanding, strong-willed
First Old Woman
Extremely long nose used for drawing water
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned dress
Initially unwelcoming, easily swayed by tobacco
Second Old Woman
Extremely long nose used for drawing water
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned dress
Initially unwelcoming, easily swayed by tobacco
Third Old Woman
Extremely long nose used for raking fire
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned dress
Initially unwelcoming, easily swayed by tobacco
The Princess
Not explicitly described, but implied to be beautiful
Attire: Royal attire: gown, jewelry, perhaps a crown or circlet
Observant, clever, protective
Locations
Farmer Weatherbeard's Abode (Aloft)
A place reached by riding a black horse straight up into the air; its location is ambiguous, being both in the north, south, east, and west.
Mood: mysterious, magical
Jack is apprenticed to Farmer Weatherbeard and taken away.
Hut at the Foot of a Rock
A small hut at the foot of a rock in a great wood, reached after walking all day; an old woman with a very long nose draws water from a well outside.
Mood: eerie, isolated
The father seeks information about Farmer Weatherbeard from the first old woman.
Market
A bustling marketplace where horses are bought and sold, with inns nearby for drinking and celebration.
Mood: lively, transactional
Jack, transformed into horses, is sold by his father, and later almost lost to Farmer Weatherbeard.
King's Palace Window
A window in the King's palace where a Princess stands watching a dove being pursued by a hawk.
Mood: observant, fateful
Jack, as a dove, seeks refuge with the Princess.
Fireplace in the Palace
A fireplace within the King's palace where ashes are used to remove a ring.
Mood: tense, climactic
The final confrontation between Jack and Farmer Weatherbeard, ending with Farmer Weatherbeard's demise.