Kari Woodengown
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
KARI WOODENGOWN
There was once upon a time a King who had become a widower. His Queen
had left one daughter behind her, and she was so wise and so pretty
that it was impossible for any one to be wiser or prettier. For a long
time the King went sorrowing for his wife, for he had loved her
exceedingly; but at last he grew tired of living alone, and married a
Queen who was a widow, and she also had a daughter, who was just as
ill-favoured and wicked as the other was good and beautiful. The
stepmother and her daughter were envious of the King’s daughter because
she was so pretty, but so long as the King was at home they dared do
her no harm, because his love for her was so great.
Then there came a time when he made war on another King and went away
to fight, and then the new Queen thought that she could do what she
liked; so she both hungered and beat the King’s daughter and chased her
about into every corner. At last she thought that everything was too
good for her, and set her to work to look after the cattle. So she went
about with the cattle, and herded them in the woods and in the fields.
Of food she got little or none, and grew pale and thin, and was nearly
always weeping and sad. Among the herd there was a great blue bull,
which always kept itself very smart and sleek, and often came to the
King’s daughter and let her stroke him. So one day, when she was again
sitting crying and sorrowing, the Bull came up to her and asked why she
was always so full of care? She made no answer, but continued to weep.
‘Well,’ said the Bull, ‘I know what it is, though you will not tell me;
you are weeping because the Queen is unkind to you, and because she
wants to starve you to death. But you need be under no concern about
food, for in my left ear there lies a cloth, and if you will but take
it and spread it out, you can have as many dishes as you like.’
So she did this, and took the cloth and spread it out upon the grass,
and then it was covered with the daintiest dishes that any one could
desire, and there was wine, and mead, and cake. And now she became
brisk and well again, and grew so rosy, and plump, and fair that the
Queen and her scraggy daughter turned blue and white with vexation at
it. The Queen could not imagine how her step-daughter could look so
well on such bad food, so she ordered one of her handmaidens to follow
her into the wood and watch her, and see how it was, for she thought
that some of the servants must be giving her food. So the maid followed
her into the wood and watched, and saw how the step-daughter took the
cloth out of the Blue Bull’s ear, and spread it out, and how the cloth
was then covered with the most delicate dishes, which the step-daughter
ate and regaled herself with. So the waiting-maid went home and told
the Queen.
And now the King came home, and he had conquered the other King with
whom he had been at war. So there was great gladness in the palace, but
no one was more glad than the King’s daughter. The Queen, however,
pretended to be ill, and gave the doctor much money to say that she
would never be well again unless she had some of the flesh of the Blue
Bull to eat. Both the King’s daughter and the people in the palace
asked the doctor if there were no other means of saving her, and begged
for the Bull’s life, for they were all fond of him, and they all
declared that there was no such Bull in the whole country; but it was
all in vain, he was to be killed, and should be killed, and nothing
else would serve. When the King’s daughter heard it she was full of
sorrow, and went down to the byre to the Bull. He too was standing
there hanging his head, and looking so downcast that she fell a-weeping
over him.
‘What are you weeping for?’ said the Bull.
So she told him that the King had come home again, and that the Queen
had pretended to be ill, and that she had made the doctor say that she
could never be well again unless some of the flesh of the Blue Bull was
given her to eat, and that now he was to be killed.
‘When once they have taken my life they will soon kill you also,’ said
the Bull. ‘If you are of the same mind with me, we will take our
departure this very night.’
The King’s daughter thought that it was bad to go and leave her father,
but that it was worse still to be in the same house with the Queen, so
she promised the Bull that she would come.
At night, when all the others had gone to bed, the King’s daughter
stole softly down to the byre to the Bull, and he took her on his back
and got out of the courtyard as quickly as he could. So at cock-crow
next morning, when the people came to kill the Bull, he was gone, and
when the King got up and asked for his daughter she was gone too. He
sent forth messengers to all parts of the kingdom to search for them,
and published his loss in all the parish churches, but there was no one
who had seen anything of them.
In the meantime the Bull travelled through many lands with the King’s
daughter on his back, and one day they came to a great copper-wood,
where the trees, and the branches, and the leaves, and the flowers, and
everything else was of copper.
But before they entered the wood the Bull said to the King’s daughter:
‘When we enter into this wood, you must take the greatest care not to
touch a leaf of it, or all will be over both with me and with you, for
a Troll with three heads, who is the owner of the wood, lives here.’
So she said she would be on her guard, and not touch anything. And she
was very careful, and bent herself out of the way of the branches, and
put them aside with her hands; but it was so thickly wooded that it was
all but impossible to get forward, and do what she might, she somehow
or other tore off a leaf which got into her hand.
‘Oh! oh! What have you done now?’ said the Bull. ‘It will now cost us a
battle for life or death; but do be careful to keep the leaf.’
Very soon afterwards they came to the end of the wood, and the Troll
with three heads came rushing up to them.
‘Who is that who is touching my wood?’ said the Troll.
‘The wood is just as much mine as yours!’ said the Bull.
‘We shall have a tussle for that!’ shrieked the Troll.
‘That may be,’ said the Bull.
So they rushed on each other and fought, and as for the Bull he butted
and kicked with all the strength of his body, but the Troll fought
quite as well as he did, and the whole day went by before the Bull put
an end to him, and then he himself was so full of wounds and so worn
out that he was scarcely able to move. So they had to wait a day, and
the Bull told the King’s daughter to take the horn of ointment which
hung at the Troll’s belt, and rub him with it; then he was himself
again, and the next day they set off once more. And now they journeyed
on for many, many days, and then after a long, long time they came to a
silver wood. The trees, and the boughs, and the leaves, and the
flowers, and everything else was of silver.
Before the Bull went into the wood, he said to the King’s daughter:
‘When we enter into this wood you must, for Heaven’s sake, be very
careful not to touch anything at all, and not to pluck off even so much
as one leaf, or else all will be over both with you and with me. A
Troll with six heads lives here, who is the owner of the wood, and I do
not think I should be able to overcome him.’
‘Yes,’ said the King’s daughter, ‘I will take good care not to touch
what you do not wish me to touch.’
But when they got into the wood it was so crowded, and the trees so
close together, that they could scarcely get forward. She was as
careful as she could be, and bent aside to get out of the way of the
branches, and thrust them away from before her with her hands; but
every instant a branch struck against her eyes, and in spite of all her
care, she happened to pull off one leaf.
‘Oh! oh! What have you done now?’ said the Bull. It will now cost us a
battle for life or death, for this Troll has six heads and is twice as
strong as the other, but do be careful to keep the leaf.’
Just as he said this came the Troll. ‘Who is that who is touching my
wood?’ he said.
‘It is just as much mine as yours!’
‘We shall have a tussle for that!’ screamed the Troll.
‘That may be,’ said the Bull, and rushed at the Troll, and gored out
his eyes, and drove his horns right through him so that his entrails
gushed out, but the Troll fought just as well as he did, and it was
three whole days before the Bull got the life out of him. But the Bull
was then so weak and worn out that it was only with pain and effort
that he could move, and so covered with wounds that the blood streamed
from him. So he told the King’s daughter to take the horn of ointment
that was hanging at the Troll’s belt, and anoint him with it. She did
this, and then he came to himself again, but they had to stay there and
rest for a week before the Bull was able to go any farther.
At last they set forth on their way again, but the Bull was still weak,
and at first could not go quickly. The King’s daughter wished to spare
him, and said that she was so young and light of foot that she would
willingly walk, but he would not give her leave to do that, and she was
forced to seat herself on his back again. So they travelled for a long
time, and through many lands, and the King’s daughter did not at all
know where he was taking her, but after a long, long time they came to
a gold wood. It was so golden that the gold dripped off it, and the
trees, and the branches, and the flowers, and the leaves were all of
pure gold. Here all happened just as it had happened in the copper wood
and silver wood. The Bull told the King’s daughter that on no account
was she to touch it, for there was a Troll with nine heads who was the
owner, and that he was much larger and stronger than both the others
put together, and that he did not believe that he could overcome him.
So she said that she would take great care not to touch anything, and
he should see that she did. But when they got into the wood it was
still thicker than the silver wood, and the farther they got into it
the worse it grew. The wood became thicker and thicker, and closer and
closer, and at last she thought there was no way whatsoever by which
they could get forward; she was so terrified lest she should break
anything off, that she sat and twisted, and turned herself on this side
and on that, to get out of the way of the branches, and pushed them
away from her with her hands, but every moment they struck against her
eyes, so that she could not see what she was clutching at, and before
she knew what she was doing she had a golden apple in her hands. She
was now in such terror that she began to cry, and wanted to throw it
away, but the Bull said that she was to keep it, and take the greatest
care of it, and comforted her as well as he could, but he believed that
it would be a hard struggle, and he doubted whether it would go well
with him.
Just then the Troll with nine heads came, and he was so frightful that
the King’s daughter scarcely dared to look at him
‘Who is this who is breaking my wood?’ he screamed.
‘It is as much mine as yours!’ said the Bull.
‘We shall have a tussle for that!’ screamed the Troll.
‘That may be,’ said the Bull; so they rushed at each other, and fought,
and it was such a dreadful sight that the King’s daughter very nearly
swooned. The Bull gored the Troll’s eyes out and ran his horns right
through him, but the Troll fought as well as he did, and when the Bull
had gored one head to death the other heads breathed life into it
again, so it was a whole week before the Bull was able to kill him. But
then he himself was so worn out and weak that he could not move at all.
His body was all one wound, and he could not even so much as tell the
King’s daughter to take the horn of ointment out of the Troll’s belt
and rub him with it. She did this without being told; so he came to
himself again, but he had to lie there for three weeks and rest before
he was in a state to move.
Then they journeyed onwards by degrees, for the Bull said that they had
still a little farther to go, and in this way they crossed many high
hills and thick woods. This lasted for a while, and then they came upon
the fells.
‘Do you see anything?’ asked the Bull.
‘No, I see nothing but the sky above and the wild fell side,’ said the
King’s daughter.
Then they climbed up higher, and the fell grew more level, so that they
could see farther around them.
‘Do you see anything now?’ said the Bull.
‘Yes, I see a small castle, far, far away,’ said the Princess.
‘It is not so very little after all,’ said the Bull.
After a long, long time they came to a high hill, where there was a
precipitous wall of rock.
‘Do you see nothing now?’ said the Bull.
‘Yes, now I see the castle quite near, and now it is much, much
larger,’ said the King’s daughter.
‘Thither shall you go,’ said the Bull; ‘immediately below the castle
there is a pig-sty, where you shall dwell. When you get there, you will
find a wooden gown which you are to put on, and then go to the castle
and say that you are called Kari Woodengown, and that you are seeking a
place. But now you must take out your little knife and cut off my head
with it, and then you must flay me and roll up my hide and put it there
under the rock, and beneath the hide you must lay the copper leaf, and
the silver leaf, and the golden apple. Close beside the rock a stick is
standing, and when you want me for anything you have only to knock at
the wall of rock with that.’
At first she would not do it, but when the Bull said that this was the
only reward that he would have for what he had done for her, she could
do no otherwise. So though she thought it very cruel, she slaved on and
cut at the great animal with the knife till she had cut off his head
and hide, and then she folded up the hide and laid it beneath the
mountain wall, and put the copper leaf, and the silver leaf, and the
golden apple inside it.
When she had done that she went away to the pig-sty, but all the way as
she went she wept, and was very sorrowful. Then she put on the wooden
gown, and walked to the King’s palace. When she got there she went into
the kitchen and begged for a place, saying that her name was Kari
Woodengown.
The cook told her that she might have a place and leave to stay there
at once and wash up, for the girl who had done that before had just
gone away. ‘And as soon as you get tired of being here you will take
yourself off too,’ said he.
‘No,’ said she, ‘that I shall certainly not.’
And then she washed up, and did it very tidily.
On Sunday some strangers were coming to the King’s palace, so Kari
begged to have leave to carry up the water for the Prince’s bath, but
the others laughed at her and said, ‘What do you want there? Do you
think the Prince will ever look at such a fright as you?’
She would not give it up, however, but went on begging until at last
she got leave. When she was going upstairs her wooden gown made such a
clatter that the Prince came out and said, ‘What sort of a creature may
you be?’
‘I was to take this water to you,’ said Kari.
‘Do you suppose that I will have any water that you bring?’ said the
Prince, and emptied it over her.
She had to bear that, but then she asked permission to go to church.
She got that, for the church was very near. But first she went to the
rock and knocked at it with the stick which was standing there, as the
Bull had told her to do. Instantly a man came forth and asked what she
wanted. The King’s daughter said that she had got leave to go to church
and listen to the priest, but that she had no clothes to go in. So he
brought her a gown that was as bright as the copper wood, and she got a
horse and saddle too from him. When she reached the church she was so
pretty and so splendidly dressed that every one wondered who she could
be, and hardly anyone listened to what the priest was saying, for they
were all looking far too much at her, and the Prince himself liked her
so well that he could not take his eyes off her for an instant. As she
was walking out of church the Prince followed her and shut the church
door after her, and thus he kept one of her gloves in his hand. Then
she went away and mounted her horse again; the Prince again followed
her, and asked her whence she came.
‘Oh! I am from Bathland,’ said Kari. And when the Prince took out the
glove and wanted to give it back to her, she said:
‘Darkness behind me, but light on my way,
That the Prince may not see where I’m going to-day!’
The Prince had never seen the equal of that glove, and he went far and
wide, asking after the country which the proud lady, who rode away
without her glove, had said that she came from, but there was no one
who could tell him where it lay.
Next Sunday some one had to take up a towel to the Prince.
‘Ah! may I have leave to go up with that?’ said Kari.
‘What would be the use of that?’ said the others who were in the
kitchen; ‘you saw what happened last time.’
Kari would not give in, but went on begging for leave till she got it,
and then she ran up the stairs so that her wooden gown clattered again.
Out came the Prince, and when he saw that it was Kari, he snatched the
towel from her and flung it right in her eyes.
‘Be off at once, you ugly Troll,’ said he; ‘do you think that I will
have a towel that has been touched by your dirty fingers?’
After that the Prince went to church, and Kari also asked leave to go.
They all asked how she could want to go to church when she had nothing
to wear but that wooden gown, which was so black and hideous. But Kari
said she thought the priest was such a good man at preaching that she
got so much benefit from what he said, and at last she got leave.
She went to the rock and knocked, whereupon out came the man and gave
her a gown which was much more magnificent than the first. It was
embroidered with silver all over it, and it shone like the silver wood,
and he gave her also a most beautiful horse, with housings embroidered
with silver, and a bridle of silver too.
When the King’s daughter got to church all the people were standing
outside upon the hillside, and all of them wondered who on earth she
could be, and the Prince was on the alert in a moment, and came and
wanted to hold her horse while she alighted. But she jumped off and
said that there was no need for that, for the horse was so well broken
in that it stood still when she bade it and came when she called it. So
they all went into the church together, but there was scarcely any one
who listened to what the priest was saying, for they were all looking
far too much at her, and the Prince fell much more deeply in love with
her than he had been before.
When the sermon was over and she went out of the church, and was just
going to mount her horse, the Prince again came and asked her where she
came from.
‘I am from Towelland,’ said the King’s daughter, and as she spoke she
dropped her riding-whip, and while the Prince was stooping to pick it
up she said:
‘Darkness behind me, but light on my way,
That the Prince may not see where I’m going to-day!’
And she was gone again, neither could the Prince see what had become of
her. He went far and wide to inquire for that country from whence she
had said that she came, but there was no one who could tell him where
it lay, so he was forced to have patience once more.
Next Sunday some one had to go to the Prince with a comb. Kari begged
for leave to go with it, but the others reminded her of what had
happened last time, and scolded her for wanting to let the Prince see
her when she was so black and so ugly in her wooden gown, but she would
not give up asking until they gave her leave to go up to the Prince
with the comb. When she went clattering up the stairs again, out came
the Prince and took the comb and flung it at her, and ordered her to be
off as fast as she could. After that the Prince went to church, and
Kari also begged for leave to go. Again they all asked what she would
do there, she who was so black and ugly, and had no clothes that she
could be seen in by other people. The Prince or some one else might
very easily catch sight of her, they said, and then both she and they
would suffer for it; but Kari said that they had something else to do
than to look at her, and she never ceased begging until she got leave
to go.
And now all happened just as it had happened twice already. She went
away to the rock and knocked at it with the stick, and then the man
came out and gave her a gown which was very much more magnificent than
either of the others. It was almost entirely made of pure gold and
diamonds, and she also got a noble horse with housings embroidered with
gold, and a golden bridle.
When the King’s daughter came to the church the priest and people were
all standing on the hillside waiting for her, and the Prince ran up and
wanted to hold the horse, but she jumped off, saying:
‘No, thank you, there is no need; my horse is so well broken in that it
will stand still when I bid it.’
So they all hastened into the church together and the priest got into
the pulpit, but no one listened to what he said, for they were looking
far too much at her and wondering whence she came; and the Prince was
far more in love than he had been on either of the former occasions,
and he was mindful of nothing but of looking at her.
When the sermon was over and the King’s daughter was about to leave the
church, the Prince had caused a firkin of tar to be emptied out in the
porch in order that he might go to help her over it; she, however, did
not trouble herself in the least about the tar, but set her foot down
in the middle of it and jumped over it, and thus one of her gold shoes
was left sticking in it. When she had seated herself on the horse the
Prince came running out of the church and asked her whence she came.
‘From Combland,’ said Kari. But when the Prince wanted to reach her her
gold shoe, she said:
‘Darkness behind me, but light on my way,
That the Prince may not see where I’m going to-day!’
The Prince did not know what had become of her, so he travelled for a
long and wearisome time all over the world, asking where Combland was;
but when no one could tell him where that country was, he caused it to
be made known everywhere that he would marry any woman who could put on
the gold shoe. So fair maidens and ugly maidens came thither from all
regions, but there was none who had a foot so small that she could put
on the gold shoe. After a long, long while came Kari Woodengown’s
wicked stepmother, with her daughter too, and the shoe fitted her. But
she was so ugly and looked so loathsome that the Prince was very
unwilling to do what he had promised. Nevertheless all was got ready
for the wedding, and she was decked out as a bride, but as they were
riding to church a little bird sat upon a tree and sang:
‘A slice off her heel
And a slice off her toes,
Kari Woodengown’s shoe
Fills with blood as she goes!’
And when they looked to it the bird had spoken the truth, for blood was
trickling out of the shoe. So all the waiting-maids, and all the
womenkind in the castle had to come and try on the shoe, but there was
not one whom it would fit.
‘But where is Kari Woodengown, then?’ asked the Prince, when all the
others had tried on the shoe, for he understood the song of birds and
it came to his mind what the bird had said.
‘Oh! that creature!’ said the others; ‘it’s not the least use for her
to come here, for she has feet like a horse!’
‘That may be,’ said the Prince, ‘but as all the others have tried it,
Kari may try it too.’
‘Kari!’ he called out through the door, and Kari came upstairs, and her
wooden gown clattered as if a whole regiment of dragoons were coming
up.
‘Now, you are to try on the gold shoe and be a Princess,’ said the
other servants, and they laughed at her and mocked her. Kari took up
the shoe, put her foot into it as easily as possible, and then threw
off her wooden gown, and there she stood in the golden gown which
flashed like rays of sunshine, and on her other foot she had the fellow
to the gold shoe. The Prince knew her in a moment, and was so glad that
he ran and took her in his arms and kissed her, and when he heard that
she was a King’s daughter he was gladder still, and then they had the
wedding.[14]
[14] From P. C. Asbjørnsen.
Story DNA
Moral
True worth and beauty will eventually be recognized and rewarded, despite attempts to conceal or suppress them.
Plot Summary
A kind princess, tormented by her wicked stepmother, is aided by a magical Blue Bull who provides food and helps her escape. After the Bull sacrifices itself, the princess, disguised in its hide as 'Kari Woodengown,' finds work in a Prince's kitchen. She secretly attends church three times in increasingly splendid gowns, leaving clues for the enamored Prince. When the Prince uses a lost golden shoe to find his true love, Kari's identity is revealed, leading to their marriage and her rightful recognition.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale is a variant of the 'Cap O' Rushes' or 'Donkeyskin' type, common across European folklore, often featuring a heroine disguised in animal skin or humble attire to escape persecution and eventually reveal her true identity and status.
Plot Beats (15)
- A King's daughter, beautiful and good, is tormented by her wicked stepmother and stepsister after her father goes to war.
- The stepmother forces the princess to herd cattle and tries to starve her, but a magical Blue Bull provides her with delicious food from its ear.
- The Queen discovers the Bull's magic and feigns illness, demanding the Bull's flesh to be cured, forcing the King to order its death.
- The Blue Bull warns the princess and they escape together, traveling through a copper wood, where the princess accidentally plucks a leaf, leading to the Bull's battle with a three-headed Troll.
- The Bull defeats the Troll, is healed by the princess, and they continue to a silver wood, where the princess again accidentally plucks a leaf, leading to a battle with a six-headed Troll.
- The Bull defeats the second Troll, is healed, and they proceed to a gold wood, where the princess again plucks a leaf, leading to a battle with a nine-headed Troll.
- The Bull defeats the final Troll but is mortally wounded; it instructs the princess to flay it, take its hide, and find a rock where she can summon magical gowns.
- The princess, disguised in the Bull's hide as 'Kari Woodengown', finds work in a Prince's kitchen, enduring ridicule for her appearance.
- Kari attends church three Sundays in a row, each time wearing a more magnificent gown (copper, silver, gold) summoned from the rock, captivating the Prince.
- On the first Sunday, she leaves a glove; on the second, a riding whip; on the third, one of her golden shoes, each time using a magical phrase to disappear.
- The Prince searches for the owner of the golden shoe, eventually proclaiming he will marry whoever it fits.
- Many women try the shoe, including the wicked stepsister who mutilates her foot to fit it, but a bird reveals her deception.
- The Prince, remembering the bird's song, insists Kari Woodengown try the shoe, despite the other servants' mockery.
- Kari effortlessly puts on the shoe, sheds her wooden gown, and reveals her true identity and beauty in a golden gown, with the matching shoe on her other foot.
- The Prince recognizes her, they marry, and she reveals she is a King's daughter, leading to a joyful union.
Characters
Kari Woodengown
Initially pale and thin, later rosy and plump. Has feet 'like a horse' according to the stepmother.
Attire: Initially rags, then a wooden gown. Later, magnificent gowns of silver, silk, and gold with diamonds. Gold shoes.
Kind, patient, resourceful, obedient initially but later takes initiative.
The Queen (Stepmother)
Ill-favoured, scraggy.
Attire: Royal attire, befitting a queen. Details not specified.
Envious, wicked, cruel, manipulative.
The King
No physical description given.
Attire: Royal attire, befitting a king. Details not specified.
Loving initially, then easily manipulated, somewhat passive.
The Blue Bull
Great, blue, smart, and sleek.
Attire: None.
Helpful, wise, protective.
The Prince
No physical description given.
Attire: Princely attire. Details not specified.
Persistent, easily enchanted, determined.
The Stepmother's Daughter
Ugly.
Attire: Fine clothes, but unable to make her beautiful.
Envious, wicked.
Locations
Royal Palace
A grand palace where the King, Queen, and King's daughter reside. Initially a place of love and safety, it becomes a site of cruelty and envy under the stepmother's rule.
Mood: Initially warm and loving, later turns cold and oppressive
The King's daughter is mistreated by her stepmother, the Blue Bull is ordered to be killed, and the King's daughter escapes with the Bull.
Copper Wood
A dangerous forest where everything, including trees, leaves, and flowers, is made of copper.
Mood: threatening, magical
The King's daughter accidentally touches a copper leaf, leading to a battle with a three-headed troll.
Rock Dwelling
A hidden dwelling inside a rock, accessible by knocking with a stick. It serves as a magical dressing room for the King's daughter.
Mood: secret, magical
The King's daughter receives increasingly magnificent gowns and horses to attend church.
Church
A place of worship where the King's daughter attends in disguise, attracting the Prince's attention.
Mood: reverent, curious
The Prince becomes increasingly enamored with the King's daughter, culminating in her leaving behind a golden shoe.