Rapunzel
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
RAPUNZEL
Once upon a time there lived a man and his wife who were very unhappy
because they had no children. These good people had a little window at
the back of their house, which looked into the most lovely garden, full
of all manner of beautiful flowers and vegetables; but the garden was
surrounded by a high wall, and no one dared to enter it, for it
belonged to a witch of great power, who was feared by the whole world.
One day the woman stood at the window overlooking the garden, and saw
there a bed full of the finest rampion: the leaves looked so fresh and
green that she longed to eat them. The desire grew day by day, and just
because she knew she couldn’t possibly get any, she pined away and
became quite pale and wretched. Then her husband grew alarmed and said:
‘What ails you, dear wife?’
‘Oh,’ she answered, ‘if I don’t get some rampion to eat out of the
garden behind the house, I know I shall die.’
The man, who loved her dearly, thought to himself, ‘Come! rather than
let your wife die you shall fetch her some rampion, no matter the
cost.’ So at dusk he climbed over the wall into the witch’s garden,
and, hastily gathering a handful of rampion leaves, he returned with
them to his wife. She made them into a salad, which tasted so good that
her longing for the forbidden food was greater than ever. If she were
to know any peace of mind, there was nothing for it but that her
husband should climb over the garden wall again, and fetch her some
more. So at dusk over he got, but when he reached the other side he
drew back in terror, for there, standing before him, was the old witch.
‘How dare you,’ she said, with a wrathful glance, ‘climb into my garden
and steal my rampion like a common thief? You shall suffer for your
foolhardiness.’
‘Oh!’ he implored, ‘pardon my presumption; necessity alone drove me to
the deed. My wife saw your rampion from her window, and conceived such
a desire for it that she would certainly have died if her wish had not
been gratified.’ Then the Witch’s anger was a little appeased, and she
said:
‘If it’s as you say, you may take as much rampion away with you as you
like, but on one condition only—that you give me the child your wife
will shortly bring into the world. All shall go well with it, and I
will look after it like a mother.’
The man in his terror agreed to everything she asked, and as soon as
the child was born the Witch appeared, and having given it the name of
Rapunzel, which is the same as rampion, she carried it off with her.
Rapunzel was the most beautiful child under the sun. When she was
twelve years old the Witch shut her up in a tower, in the middle of a
great wood, and the tower had neither stairs nor doors, only high up at
the very top a small window. When the old Witch wanted to get in she
stood underneath and called out:
‘Rapunzel, Rapunzel,
Let down your golden hair,’
for Rapunzel had wonderful long hair, and it was as fine as spun gold.
Whenever she heard the Witch’s voice she unloosed her plaits, and let
her hair fall down out of the window about twenty yards below, and the
old Witch climbed up by it.
After they had lived like this for a few years, it happened one day
that a Prince was riding through the wood and passed by the tower. As
he drew near it he heard someone singing so sweetly that he stood still
spell-bound, and listened. It was Rapunzel in her loneliness trying to
while away the time by letting her sweet voice ring out into the wood.
The Prince longed to see the owner of the voice, but he sought in vain
for a door in the tower. He rode home, but he was so haunted by the
song he had heard that he returned every day to the wood and listened.
One day, when he was standing thus behind a tree, he saw the old Witch
approach and heard her call out:
‘Rapunzel, Rapunzel,
Let down your golden hair.’
Then Rapunzel let down her plaits, and the Witch climbed up by them.
‘So that’s the staircase, is it?’ said the Prince. ‘Then I too will
climb it and try my luck.’
So on the following day, at dusk, he went to the foot of the tower and
cried:
‘Rapunzel, Rapunzel,
Let down your golden hair,’
and as soon as she had let it down the Prince climbed up.
At first Rapunzel was terribly frightened when a man came in, for she
had never seen one before; but the Prince spoke to her so kindly, and
told her at once that his heart had been so touched by her singing,
that he felt he should know no peace of mind till he had seen her. Very
soon Rapunzel forgot her fear, and when he asked her to marry him she
consented at once. ‘For,’ she thought, ‘he is young and handsome, and
I’ll certainly be happier with him than with the old Witch.’ So she put
her hand in his and said:
‘Yes, I will gladly go with you, only how am I to get down out of the
tower? Every time you come to see me you must bring a skein of silk
with you, and I will make a ladder of them, and when it is finished I
will climb down by it, and you will take me away on your horse.’
They arranged that till the ladder was ready, he was to come to her
every evening, because the old woman was with her during the day. The
old Witch, of course, knew nothing of what was going on, till one day
Rapunzel, not thinking of what she was about, turned to the Witch and
said:
‘How is it, good mother, that you are so much harder to pull up than
the young Prince? He is always with me in a moment.’
‘Oh! you wicked child,’ cried the Witch. ‘What is this I hear? I
thought I had hidden you safely from the whole world, and in spite of
it you have managed to deceive me.’
In her wrath she seized Rapunzel’s beautiful hair, wound it round and
round her left hand, and then grasping a pair of scissors in her right,
snip snap, off it came, and the beautiful plaits lay on the ground.
And, worse than this, she was so hard-hearted that she took Rapunzel to
a lonely desert place, and there left her to live in loneliness and
misery.
But on the evening of the day in which she had driven poor Rapunzel
away, the Witch fastened the plaits on to a hook in the window, and
when the Prince came and called out:
‘Rapunzel, Rapunzel,
Let down your golden hair,’
she let them down, and the Prince climbed up as usual, but instead of
his beloved Rapunzel he found the old Witch, who fixed her evil,
glittering eyes on him, and cried mockingly:
‘Ah, ah! you thought to find your lady love, but the pretty bird has
flown and its song is dumb; the cat caught it, and will scratch out
your eyes too. Rapunzel is lost to you for ever—you will never see her
more.’
The Prince was beside himself with grief, and in his despair he jumped
right down from the tower, and, though he escaped with his life, the
thorns among which he fell pierced his eyes out. Then he wandered,
blind and miserable, through the wood, eating nothing but roots and
berries, and weeping and lamenting the loss of his lovely bride. So he
wandered about for some years, as wretched and unhappy as he could well
be, and at last he came to the desert place where Rapunzel was living.
Of a sudden he heard a voice which seemed strangely familiar to him. He
walked eagerly in the direction of the sound, and when he was quite
close, Rapunzel recognised him and fell on his neck and wept. But two
of her tears touched his eyes, and in a moment they became quite clear
again, and he saw as well as he had ever done. Then he led her to his
kingdom, where they were received and welcomed with great joy, and they
lived happily ever after.[23]
[23] Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
True love and perseverance can overcome even the direst of circumstances and lead to happiness.
Plot Summary
A childless couple's desire for forbidden rampion leads them to promise their daughter, Rapunzel, to a powerful witch. The witch imprisons Rapunzel in a tower, accessible only by her long golden hair. A prince discovers Rapunzel and falls in love, but their secret is revealed, leading the witch to cut Rapunzel's hair, banish her, and blind the prince. After years of wandering, the blind prince finds Rapunzel and their children; her tears restore his sight, and they return to his kingdom to live happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This version is from Andrew Lang's 'The Red Fairy Book,' which compiles tales from various sources, but the story is primarily attributed to the Brothers Grimm, who collected German folk tales in the early 19th century. The story reflects common themes and tropes of European folklore.
Plot Beats (14)
- A man's pregnant wife craves rampion from a witch's garden, leading him to steal it.
- The witch catches the husband and demands their unborn child in exchange for the rampion.
- The witch takes the baby, names her Rapunzel, and at age twelve, imprisons her in a tall tower with no doors or stairs.
- The witch uses Rapunzel's long hair as a ladder to visit her.
- A prince hears Rapunzel singing, discovers the witch's method of entry, and learns to call for Rapunzel's hair.
- The prince visits Rapunzel, they fall in love, and plan her escape using a silk ladder.
- Rapunzel innocently reveals the prince's visits to the witch.
- The witch, in a fury, cuts Rapunzel's hair and banishes her to a desolate desert.
- The witch uses Rapunzel's severed hair to lure the prince, then reveals her deception and Rapunzel's fate.
- The prince, heartbroken, jumps from the tower, falling into thorns that blind him.
- The blind prince wanders for years, eating roots and berries, searching for Rapunzel.
- He eventually finds Rapunzel in the desert, now with two children, and recognizes her voice.
- Rapunzel's tears fall on his eyes, restoring his sight.
- The prince leads Rapunzel and their children to his kingdom, where they live happily.
Characters
Rapunzel
Most beautiful child under the sun, wonderful long hair as fine as spun gold
Attire: Simple dress appropriate for a girl kept in isolation, possibly homespun
Initially frightened but quickly trusting, obedient, longs for freedom
The Prince
Handsome
Attire: Royal attire suitable for riding through the woods, including boots and perhaps a tunic or doublet
Persistent, romantic, easily moved by beauty and song
The Witch
Implied to be physically imposing and intimidating
Attire: Dark, concealing robes, perhaps with a pointed hat
Wrathful, possessive, deceptive
The Man
No specific details given
Attire: Simple peasant clothing
Loving, desperate, easily frightened
The Wife
Pale and wretched from longing
Attire: Simple peasant dress
Desire-driven, passive, longing
Locations
Witch's Garden
A lush garden full of rampion and beautiful flowers, enclosed by a high wall.
Mood: forbidden, tempting, dangerous
The husband steals rampion, encounters the witch, and makes a deal for his unborn child.
Tower in the Woods
A tall tower in the middle of a great wood, with no stairs or doors, but a small window at the top.
Mood: isolated, lonely, magical
Rapunzel is imprisoned, lets down her hair, and meets the Prince.
Inside the Tower
Implied to be a small, simple room at the top of the tower.
Mood: isolated, intimate, secret
Rapunzel and the Prince meet and fall in love; Rapunzel reveals the witch's weakness.
Lonely Desert Place
A desolate and barren landscape where Rapunzel is banished.
Mood: desolate, miserable, hopeful
The Prince, now blind, finds Rapunzel, and her tears restore his sight.