Snowdrop
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
SNOWDROP
Once upon a time, in the middle of winter when the snow-flakes were
falling like feathers on the earth, a Queen sat at a window framed in
black ebony and sewed. And as she sewed and gazed out to the white
landscape, she pricked her finger with the needle, and three drops of
blood fell on the snow outside, and because the red showed out so well
against the white she thought to herself:
‘Oh! what wouldn’t I give to have a child as white as snow, as red as
blood, and as black as ebony!’
And her wish was granted, for not long after a little daughter was born
to her, with a skin as white as snow, lips and cheeks as red as blood,
and hair as black as ebony. They called her Snowdrop, and not long
after her birth the Queen died.
After a year the King married again. His new wife was a beautiful
woman, but so proud and overbearing that she couldn’t stand any rival
to her beauty. She possessed a magic mirror, and when she used to stand
before it gazing at her own reflection and ask:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
it always replied:
‘You are most fair, my Lady Queen,
None fairer in the land, I ween.’
Then she was quite happy, for she knew the mirror always spoke the
truth.
But Snowdrop was growing prettier and prettier every day, and when she
was seven years old she was as beautiful as she could be, and fairer
even than the Queen herself. One day when the latter asked her mirror
the usual question, it replied:
‘My Lady Queen, you are fair, ‘tis true,
But Snowdrop is fairer far than you.’
Then the Queen flew into the most awful passion, and turned every shade
of green in her jealousy. From this hour she hated poor Snowdrop like
poison, and every day her envy, hatred, and malice grew, for envy and
jealousy are like evil weeds which spring up and choke the heart. At
last she could endure Snowdrop’s presence no longer, and, calling a
huntsman to her, she said:
‘Take the child out into the wood, and never let me see her face again.
You must kill her, and bring me back her lungs and liver, that I may
know for certain she is dead.’
The Huntsman did as he was told and led Snowdrop out into the wood, but
as he was in the act of drawing out his knife to slay her, she began to
cry, and said:
‘Oh, dear Huntsman, spare my life, and I will promise to fly forth into
the wide wood and never to return home again.’
And because she was so young and pretty the Huntsman had pity on her,
and said:
‘Well, run along, poor child.’ For he thought to himself: ‘The wild
beasts will soon eat her up.’
And his heart felt lighter because he hadn’t had to do the deed
himself. And as he turned away a young boar came running past, so he
shot it, and brought its lungs and liver home to the Queen as a proof
that Snowdrop was really dead. And the wicked woman had them stewed in
salt, and ate them up, thinking she had made an end of Snowdrop for
ever.
Now when the poor child found herself alone in the big wood the very
trees around her seemed to assume strange shapes, and she felt so
frightened she didn’t know what to do. Then she began to run over the
sharp stones, and through the bramble bushes, and the wild beasts ran
past her, but they did her no harm. She ran as far as her legs would
carry her, and as evening approached she saw a little house, and she
stepped inside to rest. Everything was very small in the little house,
but cleaner and neater than anything you can imagine. In the middle of
the room there stood a little table, covered with a white tablecloth,
and seven little plates and forks and spoons and knives and tumblers.
Side by side against the wall there were seven little beds, covered
with snow-white counterpanes. Snowdrop felt so hungry and so thirsty
that she ate a bit of bread and a little porridge from each plate, and
drank a drop of wine out of each tumbler. Then feeling tired and sleepy
she lay down on one of the beds, but it wasn’t comfortable; then she
tried all the others in turn, but one was too long, and another too
short, and it was only when she got to the seventh that she found one
to suit her exactly. So she lay down upon it, said her prayers like a
good child, and fell fast asleep.
When it got quite dark the masters of the little house returned. They
were seven dwarfs who worked in the mines, right down deep in the heart
of the mountain. They lighted their seven little lamps, and as soon as
their eyes got accustomed to the glare they saw that someone had been
in the room, for all was not in the same order as they had left it.
The first said:
‘Who’s been sitting on my little chair?’
The second said:
‘Who’s been eating my little loaf?’
The third said:
‘Who’s been tasting my porridge?’
The fourth said:
‘Who’s been eating out of my little plate?’
The fifth said:
‘Who’s been using my little fork?’
The sixth said:
‘Who’s been cutting with my little knife?’
The seventh said:
‘Who’s been drinking out of my little tumbler?’
Then the first Dwarf looked round and saw a little hollow in his bed,
and he asked again:
‘Who’s been lying on my bed?’
The others came running round, and cried when they saw their beds:
‘Somebody has lain on ours too.’
But when the seventh came to his bed, he started back in amazement, for
there he beheld Snowdrop fast asleep. Then he called the others, who
turned their little lamps full on the bed, and when they saw Snowdrop
lying there they nearly fell down with surprise.
‘Goodness gracious!’ they cried, ‘what a beautiful child!’
And they were so enchanted by her beauty that they did not wake her,
but let her sleep on in the little bed. But the seventh Dwarf slept
with his companions one hour in each bed, and in this way he managed to
pass the night.
In the morning Snowdrop awoke, but when she saw the seven little Dwarfs
she felt very frightened. But they were so friendly and asked her what
her name was in such a kind way, that she replied:
‘I am Snowdrop.’
‘Why did you come to our house?’ continued the Dwarfs.
Then she told them how her stepmother had wished her put to death, and
how the Huntsman had spared her life, and how she had run the whole day
till she had come to their little house. The Dwarfs, when they had
heard her sad story, asked her:
‘Will you stay and keep house for us, cook, make the beds, the washing,
sew and knit? and if you give satisfaction and keep everything neat and
clean, you shall want for nothing.’
‘Yes,’ answered Snowdrop, ‘I will gladly do all you ask.’
And so she took up her abode with them. Every morning the Dwarfs went
into the mountain to dig for gold, and in the evening, when they
returned home, Snowdrop always had their supper ready for them. But
during the day the girl was left quite alone, so the good Dwarfs warned
her, saying:
‘Beware of your step-mother. She will soon find out you are here, and
whatever you do don’t let anyone into the house.’
Now the Queen, after she thought she had eaten Snowdrop’s lungs and
liver, never dreamed but that she was once more the most beautiful
woman in the world; so stepping before her mirror one day she said:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
and the mirror replied:
‘My Lady Queen, you are fair, ‘tis true,
But Snowdrop is fairer far than you.
Snowdrop, who dwells with the seven little men,
Is as fair as you, as fair again.’
When the Queen heard these words she was nearly struck dumb with
horror, for the mirror always spoke the truth, and she knew now that
the Huntsman must have deceived her, and that Snowdrop was still alive.
She pondered day and night how she might destroy her, for as long as
she felt she had a rival in the land her jealous heart left her no
rest. At last she hit upon a plan. She stained her face and dressed
herself up as an old peddler wife, so that she was quite
unrecognisable. In this guise she went over the seven hills till she
came to the house of the seven Dwarfs. There she knocked at the door,
calling out at the same time:
‘Fine wares to sell, fine wares to sell!’
Snowdrop peeped out of the window, and called out:
‘Good-day, mother, what have you to sell?’
‘Good wares, fine wares,’ she answered; ‘laces of every shade and
description,’ and she held one up that was made of some gay coloured
silk.
‘Surely I can let the honest woman in,’ thought Snowdrop; so she
unbarred the door and bought the pretty lace.
‘Good gracious! child,’ said the old woman, ‘what a figure you’ve got.
Come! I’ll lace you up properly for once.’
Snowdrop, suspecting no evil, stood before her and let her lace her
bodice up, but the old woman laced her so quickly and so tightly that
it took Snowdrop’s breath away, and she fell down dead.
‘Now you are no longer the fairest,’ said the wicked old woman, and
then she hastened away.
In the evening the seven Dwarfs came home, and you may think what a
fright they got when they saw their dear Snowdrop lying on the floor,
as still and motionless as a dead person. They lifted her up tenderly,
and when they saw how tightly laced she was they cut the lace in two,
and she began to breathe a little and gradually came back to life. When
the Dwarfs heard what had happened, they said:
‘Depend upon it, the old peddler wife was none other than the old
Queen. In future you must be sure to let no one in, if we are not at
home.’
As soon as the wicked old Queen got home she went straight to her
mirror, and said:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
and the mirror answered as before:
‘My Lady Queen, you are fair, ‘tis true,
But Snowdrop is fairer far than you.
Snowdrop, who dwells with the seven little men,
Is as fair as you, as fair again.’
When she heard this she became as pale as death, because she saw at
once that Snowdrop must be alive again.
‘This time,’ she said to herself, ‘I will think of something that will
make an end of her once and for all.’
And by the witchcraft which she understood so well she made a poisonous
comb; then she dressed herself up and assumed the form of another old
woman. So she went over the seven hills till she reached the house of
the seven Dwarfs, and knocking at the door she called out:
‘Fine wares for sale.’
Snowdrop looked out of the window and said:
‘You must go away, for I may not let anyone in.’
‘But surely you are not forbidden to look out?’ said the old woman, and
she held up the poisonous comb for her to see.
It pleased the girl so much that she let herself be taken in, and
opened the door. When they had settled their bargain the old woman
said:
‘Now I’ll comb your hair properly for you, for once in the way.’
Poor Snowdrop thought no evil, but hardly had the comb touched her hair
than the poison worked and she fell down unconscious.
‘Now, my fine lady, you’re really done for this time,’ said the wicked
woman, and she made her way home as fast as she could.
Fortunately it was now near evening, and the seven Dwarfs returned
home. When they saw Snowdrop lying dead on the ground, they at once
suspected that her wicked step-mother had been at work again; so they
searched till they found the poisonous comb, and the moment they pulled
it out of her head Snowdrop came to herself again, and told them what
had happened. Then they warned her once more to be on her guard, and to
open the door to no one.
As soon as the Queen got home she went straight to her mirror, and
asked:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
and it replied as before:
‘My Lady Queen, you are fair, ‘tis true,
But Snowdrop is fairer far than you.
Snowdrop, who dwells with the seven little men,
Is as fair as you, as fair again.’
When she heard these words she literally trembled and shook with rage.
‘Snowdrop shall die,’ she cried; ‘yes, though it cost me my own life.’
Then she went to a little secret chamber, which no one knew of but
herself, and there she made a poisonous apple. Outwardly it looked
beautiful, white with red cheeks, so that everyone who saw it longed to
eat it, but anyone who might do so would certainly die on the spot.
When the apple was quite finished she stained her face and dressed
herself up as a peasant, and so she went over the seven hills to the
seven Dwarfs’. She knocked at the door, as usual, but Snowdrop put her
head out of the window and called out:
‘I may not let anyone in, the seven Dwarfs have forbidden me to do so.’
‘Are you afraid of being poisoned?’ asked the old woman. ‘See, I will
cut this apple in half. I’ll eat the white cheek and you can eat the
red.’
But the apple was so cunningly made that only the red cheek was
poisonous. Snowdrop longed to eat the tempting fruit, and when she saw
that the peasant woman was eating it herself, she couldn’t resist the
temptation any longer, and stretching out her hand she took the
poisonous half. But hardly had the first bite passed her lips than she
fell down dead on the ground. Then the eyes of the cruel Queen sparkled
with glee, and laughing aloud she cried:
‘As white as snow, as red as blood, and as black as ebony, this time
the Dwarfs won’t be able to bring you back to life.’
When she got home she asked the mirror:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
and this time it replied:
‘You are most fair, my Lady Queen,
None fairer in the land, I ween.’
Then her jealous heart was at rest—at least, as much at rest as a
jealous heart can ever be.
When the little Dwarfs came home in the evening they found Snowdrop
lying on the ground, and she neither breathed nor stirred. They lifted
her up, and looked round everywhere to see if they could find anything
poisonous about. They unlaced her bodice, combed her hair, washed her
with water and wine, but all in vain; the child was dead and remained
dead. Then they placed her on a bier, and all the seven Dwarfs sat
round it, weeping and sobbing for three whole days. At last they made
up their minds to bury her, but she looked as blooming as a living
being, and her cheeks were still such a lovely colour, that they said:
‘We can’t hide her away in the black ground.’
So they had a coffin made of transparent glass, and they laid her in
it, and wrote on the lid in golden letters that she was a royal
Princess. Then they put the coffin on the top of the mountain, and one
of the Dwarfs always remained beside it and kept watch over it. And the
very birds of the air came and bewailed Snowdrop’s death, first an owl,
and then a raven, and last of all a little dove.
Snowdrop lay a long time in the coffin, and she always looked the same,
just as if she were fast asleep, and she remained as white as snow, as
red as blood, and her hair as black as ebony.
Now it happened one day that a Prince came to the wood and passed by
the Dwarfs’ house. He saw the coffin on the hill, with the beautiful
Snowdrop inside it, and when he had read what was written on it in
golden letters, he said to the Dwarf:
‘Give me the coffin. I’ll give you whatever you like for it.’
But the Dwarf said: ‘No; we wouldn’t part with it for all the gold in
the world.’
‘Well, then,’ he replied, ‘give it to me, because I can’t live without
Snowdrop. I will cherish and love it as my dearest possession.’
He spoke so sadly that the good Dwarfs had pity on him, and gave him
the coffin, and the Prince made his servants bear it away on their
shoulders. Now it happened that as they were going down the hill they
stumbled over a bush, and jolted the coffin so violently that the
poisonous bit of apple Snowdrop had swallowed fell out of her throat.
She gradually opened her eyes, lifted up the lid of the coffin, and sat
up alive and well.
‘Oh! dear me, where am I?’ she cried.
The Prince answered joyfully, ‘You are with me,’ and he told her all
that had happened, adding, ‘I love you better than anyone in the whole
wide world. Will you come with me to my father’s palace and be my
wife?’
Snowdrop consented, and went with him, and the marriage was celebrated
with great pomp and splendour.
Now Snowdrop’s wicked step-mother was one of the guests invited to the
wedding feast. When she had dressed herself very gorgeously for the
occasion, she went to the mirror, and said:
‘Mirror, mirror, hanging there,
Who in all the land’s most fair?’
and the mirror answered:
‘My Lady Queen, you are fair, ‘tis true,
But Snowdrop is fairer far than you.’
When the wicked woman heard these words she uttered a curse, and was
beside herself with rage and mortification. At first she didn’t want to
go to the wedding at all, but at the same time she felt she would never
be happy till she had seen the young Queen. As she entered Snowdrop
recognised her, and nearly fainted with fear; but red-hot iron shoes
had been prepared for the wicked old Queen, and she was made to get
into them and dance till she fell down dead.[29]
[29] Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
Evil deeds and vanity ultimately lead to one's own destruction, while goodness and purity are rewarded.
Plot Summary
A Queen wishes for a child with skin as white as snow, lips as red as blood, and hair as black as ebony; her wish is granted, and the child, Snowdrop, is born. After her mother's death, Snowdrop's vain stepmother, a Queen with a magic mirror, becomes intensely jealous when the mirror declares Snowdrop the fairest. The Queen repeatedly tries to kill Snowdrop, first by ordering a huntsman to do so (who spares her), then by poisoning her with a bodice lace and a comb (from which the dwarfs revive her). Finally, the Queen poisons Snowdrop with an apple, putting her into a death-like sleep. Snowdrop is placed in a glass coffin until a Prince discovers her, and a jolt revives her. They marry, and the wicked Queen, attending the wedding, is forced to dance in red-hot shoes until she dies.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence to suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This version, collected by the Brothers Grimm, reflects common European folklore motifs and social structures of pre-industrial times, including the harsh justice meted out to villains.
Plot Beats (15)
- A Queen wishes for a child as white as snow, red as blood, and black as ebony; Snowdrop is born, and the Queen dies.
- The King marries a vain Queen with a magic mirror that confirms her beauty.
- Snowdrop grows up, and the mirror declares her fairer than the Queen, sparking the Queen's intense jealousy.
- The Queen orders a huntsman to kill Snowdrop, but he takes pity and lets her escape, bringing back a boar's organs as proof.
- Snowdrop flees into the forest and discovers a small house belonging to seven dwarfs, where she tidies and rests.
- The dwarfs return, discover Snowdrop, and agree to let her stay if she keeps house for them, warning her about her stepmother.
- The Queen consults her mirror again, learns Snowdrop is alive with the dwarfs, and plots her death.
- The Queen, disguised as a peddler, attempts to kill Snowdrop with a poisoned bodice lace; the dwarfs revive her.
- The Queen, disguised again, attempts to kill Snowdrop with a poisoned comb; the dwarfs revive her again.
- The Queen creates a poisoned apple, disguises herself as a peasant, and tricks Snowdrop into eating it, causing her to fall into a deep sleep.
- The dwarfs find Snowdrop seemingly dead, place her in a glass coffin, and mourn her.
- A Prince discovers Snowdrop in her coffin, falls in love, and convinces the dwarfs to let him take her.
- During transport, the coffin is jolted, dislodging the poisoned apple from Snowdrop's throat, and she awakens.
- Snowdrop and the Prince fall in love and plan their wedding.
- The wicked Queen, invited to the wedding, asks her mirror who is fairest, and it reveals Snowdrop, leading to her rage and eventual death by dancing in red-hot shoes.
Characters
Snowdrop
Skin as white as snow, lips and cheeks as red as blood, hair as black as ebony
Attire: Simple child's dress, appropriate for a princess in a fairy tale setting
Innocent, trusting, gentle
The Queen (step-mother)
Beautiful, but her beauty is marred by jealousy and malice
Attire: Rich, elaborate gowns befitting a queen, designed to emphasize her beauty
Vain, jealous, cruel
The Huntsman
Strong, capable, but with a capacity for pity
Attire: Traditional huntsman's attire: leather jerkin, sturdy boots
Loyal, compassionate, conflicted
The Seven Dwarfs
Small stature, beards
Attire: Miners' clothing: tunics, trousers, caps
Industrious, kind, protective
The Prince
Handsome, noble
Attire: Princely attire: fine fabrics, ornate details
Brave, persistent, romantic
The Queen (Snowdrop's mother)
Not explicitly described, but implied to be beautiful
Attire: Queenly attire: rich fabrics, jeweled accessories
Wishful, loving (implied)
Locations
Queen's Ebony Window
A window framed in black ebony, overlooking a snowy landscape.
Mood: contemplative, magical
The Queen makes her wish for a child.
The Dark Woods
A large, frightening wood with sharp stones and bramble bushes.
Mood: frightening, desolate
Snowdrop is abandoned by the huntsman and wanders alone.
Dwarfs' Cottage
A tiny, neat cottage with miniature furniture and seven small beds.
Mood: cozy, safe
Snowdrop finds refuge and is discovered by the dwarfs.
Secret Chamber
A little secret chamber known only to the Queen.
Mood: dark, secretive
The Queen creates the poisonous apple.
Glass Coffin on the Mountain
A transparent glass coffin on the top of a mountain, with golden letters on the lid.
Mood: mournful, magical
Snowdrop lies in suspended animation until the Prince arrives.