The Golden Goose
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
THE GOLDEN GOOSE
There was once a man who had three sons. The youngest of them was
called Dullhead, and was sneered and jeered at and snubbed on every
possible opportunity.
One day it happened that the eldest son wished to go into the forest to
cut wood, and before he started his mother gave him a fine rich cake
and a bottle of wine, so that he might be sure not to suffer from
hunger or thirst.
When he reached the forest he met a little old grey man who wished him
‘Good-morning,’ and said: ‘Do give me a piece of that cake you have got
in your pocket, and let me have a draught of your wine—I am so hungry
and thirsty.’
But this clever son replied: ‘If I give you my cake and wine I shall
have none left for myself; you just go your own way;’ and he left the
little man standing there and went further on into the forest. There he
began to cut down a tree, but before long he made a false stroke with
his axe, and cut his own arm so badly that he was obliged to go home
and have it bound up.
Then the second son went to the forest, and his mother gave him a good
cake and a bottle of wine as she had to his elder brother. He too met
the little old grey man, who begged him for a morsel of cake and a
draught of wine.
But the second son spoke most sensibly too, and said: ‘Whatever I give
to you I deprive myself of. Just go your own way, will you?’ Not long
after his punishment overtook him, for no sooner had he struck a couple
of blows on a tree with his axe, than he cut his leg so badly that he
had to be carried home.
So then Dullhead said: ‘Father, let me go out and cut wood.’
But his father answered: ‘Both your brothers have injured themselves.
You had better leave it alone; you know nothing about it.’
But Dullhead begged so hard to be allowed to go that at last his father
said: ‘Very well, then—go. Perhaps when you have hurt yourself, you may
learn to know better.’ His mother only gave him a very plain cake made
with water and baked in the cinders, and a bottle of sour beer.
When he got to the forest, he too met the little grey old man, who
greeted him and said: ‘Give me a piece of your cake and a draught from
your bottle; I am so hungry and thirsty.’
And Dullhead replied: ‘I’ve only got a cinder-cake and some sour beer,
but if you care to have that, let us sit down and eat.’
So they sat down, and when Dullhead brought out his cake he found it
had turned into a fine rich cake, and the sour beer into excellent
wine. Then they ate and drank, and when they had finished the little
man said: ‘Now I will bring you luck, because you have a kind heart and
are willing to share what you have with others. There stands an old
tree; cut it down, and amongst its roots you’ll find something.’ With
that the little man took leave.
Then Dullhead fell to at once to hew down the tree, and when it fell he
found amongst its roots a goose, whose feathers were all of pure gold.
He lifted it out, carried it off, and took it with him to an inn where
he meant to spend the night.
Now the landlord of the inn had three daughters, and when they saw the
goose they were filled with curiosity as to what this wonderful bird
could be, and each longed to have one of its golden feathers.
The eldest thought to herself: ‘No doubt I shall soon find a good
opportunity to pluck out one of its feathers,’ and the first time
Dullhead happened to leave the room she caught hold of the goose by its
wing. But, lo and behold! her fingers seemed to stick fast to the
goose, and she could not take her hand away.
Soon after the second daughter came in, and thought to pluck a golden
feather for herself too; but hardly had she touched her sister than she
stuck fast as well. At last the third sister came with the same
intentions, but the other two cried out: ‘Keep off! for Heaven’s sake,
keep off!’
The younger sister could not imagine why she was to keep off, and
thought to herself: ‘If they are both there, why should not I be there
too?’
So she sprang to them; but no sooner had she touched one of them than
she stuck fast to her. So they all three had to spend the night with
the goose.
Next morning Dullhead tucked the goose under his arm and went off,
without in the least troubling himself about the three girls who were
hanging on to it. They just had to run after him right or left as best
they could. In the middle of a field they met the parson, and when he
saw this procession he cried: ‘For shame, you bold girls! What do you
mean by running after a young fellow through the fields like that? Do
you call that proper behaviour?’ And with that he caught the youngest
girl by the hand to try and draw her away. But directly he touched her
he hung on himself, and had to run along with the rest of them.
Not long after the clerk came that way, and was much surprised to see
the parson following the footsteps of three girls. ‘Why, where is your
reverence going so fast?’ cried he; ‘don’t forget there is to be a
christening to-day;’ and he ran after him, caught him by the sleeve,
and hung on to it himself: As the five of them trotted along in this
fashion one after the other, two peasants were coming from their work
with their hoes. On seeing them the parson called out and begged them
to come and rescue him and the clerk. But no sooner did they touch the
clerk than they stuck on too, and so there were seven of them running
after Dullhead and his goose.
After a time they all came to a town where a King reigned whose
daughter was so serious and solemn that no one could ever manage to
make her laugh. So the King had decreed that whoever should succeed in
making her laugh should marry her.
When Dullhead heard this he marched before the Princess with his goose
and its appendages, and as soon as she saw these seven people
continually running after each other she burst out laughing, and could
not stop herself. Then Dullhead claimed her as his bride, but the King,
who did not much fancy him as a son-in-law, made all sorts of
objections, and told him he must first find a man who could drink up a
whole cellarful of wine.
Dullhead bethought him of the little grey man, who could, he felt sure,
help him; so he went off to the forest, and on the very spot where he
had cut down the tree he saw a man sitting with a most dismal
expression of face.
Dullhead asked him what he was taking so much to heart, and the man
answered: ‘I don’t know how I am ever to quench this terrible thirst I
am suffering from. Cold water doesn’t suit me at all. To be sure I’ve
emptied a whole barrel of wine, but what is one drop on a hot stone?’
‘I think I can help you,’ said Dullhead. ‘Come with me, and you shall
drink to your heart’s content.’ So he took him to the King’s cellar,
and the man sat down before the huge casks and drank and drank till he
drank up the whole contents of the cellar before the day closed.
Then Dullhead asked once more for his bride, but the King felt vexed at
the idea of a stupid fellow whom people called ‘Dullhead’ carrying off
his daughter, and he began to make fresh conditions. He required
Dullhead to find a man who could eat a mountain of bread. Dullhead did
not wait to consider long but went straight off to the forest, and
there on the same spot sat a man who was drawing in a strap as tight as
he could round his body, and making a most woeful face the while. Said
he: ‘I’ve eaten up a whole oven full of loaves, but what’s the good of
that to anyone who is as hungry as I am? I declare my stomach feels
quite empty, and I must draw my belt tight if I’m not to die of
starvation.’
Dullhead was delighted, and said: ‘Get up and come with me, and you
shall have plenty to eat,’ and he brought him to the King’s Court.
Now the King had given orders to have all the flour in his kingdom
brought together, and to have a huge mountain baked of it. But the man
from the wood just took up his stand before the mountain and began to
eat, and in one day it had all vanished.
For the third time Dullhead asked for his bride, but again the King
tried to make some evasion, and demanded a ship ‘which could sail on
land or water! When you come sailing in such a ship,’ said he, ‘you
shall have my daughter without further delay.’
Again Dullhead started off to the forest, and there he found the little
old grey man with whom he had shared his cake, and who said: ‘I have
eaten and I have drunk for you, and now I will give you the ship. I
have done all this for you because you were kind and merciful to me.’
Then he gave Dullhead a ship which could sail on land or water, and
when the King saw it he felt he could no longer refuse him his
daughter.
So they celebrated the wedding with great rejoicings; and after the
King’s death Dullhead succeeded to the kingdom, and lived happily with
his wife for many years after.[30]
[30] Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness and generosity, even when one has little, will be richly rewarded, while selfishness leads to misfortune.
Plot Summary
Dullhead, the youngest and mocked son, shares his meager food with a magical old man and is rewarded with a golden goose. The goose causes anyone who touches it to stick fast, creating a comical procession that makes a solemn princess laugh, fulfilling a royal decree. The reluctant King sets three impossible challenges for Dullhead to win his daughter's hand: finding a man to drink all the wine in a cellar, another to eat a mountain of bread, and finally, a ship that sails on land and water. With the continued help of the magical old man and his associates, Dullhead overcomes all obstacles, marries the princess, and eventually inherits the kingdom, proving that kindness and an open heart lead to great fortune.
Themes
Emotional Arc
underestimated to triumphant
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This version is attributed to Grimm, indicating its roots in German oral tradition and collection by the Brothers Grimm. The 'Dullhead' character is a common trope in European folklore, representing the underestimated hero.
Plot Beats (16)
- A man has three sons; the youngest, Dullhead, is mocked by his family.
- The eldest son goes to cut wood, refuses to share his rich cake and wine with a little old man, and injures himself.
- The second son goes to cut wood, also refuses to share, and injures himself.
- Dullhead, despite his family's discouragement, goes to cut wood with a meager cinder-cake and sour beer.
- Dullhead shares his food with the little old man, whose food transforms into a feast, and is told to cut down a tree.
- Dullhead finds a golden goose among the tree's roots.
- At an inn, the landlord's three daughters try to pluck a golden feather from the goose but get stuck to it, and then to each other.
- Dullhead leaves the inn with the goose and the three stuck daughters trailing behind him.
- A parson tries to intervene and gets stuck to the youngest daughter, followed by his clerk, and then two peasants, forming a comical procession of seven people stuck to the goose.
- The procession arrives in a town where a King has promised his daughter's hand to anyone who can make her laugh.
- The sight of the comical procession makes the princess burst into uncontrollable laughter.
- The King, reluctant to marry his daughter to Dullhead, sets two impossible challenges: finding a man to drink a cellarful of wine and another to eat a mountain of bread.
- Dullhead finds two magically thirsty and hungry men in the forest (implied to be the old man or his associates) who fulfill the King's challenges.
- The King sets a final challenge: to bring a ship that can sail on land or water.
- The little old man gives Dullhead the magical ship, fulfilling the last challenge.
- Dullhead marries the princess, and after the King's death, inherits the kingdom and lives happily ever after.
Characters
Dullhead
Implied to be unremarkable in appearance compared to his brothers.
Attire: Simple, perhaps patched clothing typical of a peasant.
Kind, generous, simple-minded but ultimately clever.
Little Old Grey Man
Small and grey, implying age and perhaps a magical nature.
Attire: Simple, perhaps tattered grey clothing.
Wise, testing, grateful.
Eldest Daughter
No specific details given.
Attire: Innkeeper's daughter, so likely a simple dress.
Greedy, opportunistic.
Second Daughter
No specific details given.
Attire: Innkeeper's daughter, so likely a simple dress.
Greedy, opportunistic.
Third Daughter
No specific details given.
Attire: Innkeeper's daughter, so likely a simple dress.
Greedy, disobedient.
The Princess
No specific details given.
Attire: Royal gown.
Solemn, serious (initially).
The King
No specific details given.
Attire: Royal robes and crown.
Skeptical, reluctant, demanding.
The Golden Goose
Feathers of pure gold.
Attire: None.
Passive, magical.
Locations
Forest Clearing
A sun-dappled clearing with a large, old tree with exposed roots.
Mood: Initially ordinary, later magical and helpful.
Dullhead finds the golden goose; the little grey man is found again to help Dullhead complete his tasks.
Inn Room
A simple room in an inn, likely with a bed and perhaps a table. The focus is on the goose.
Mood: Curious and greedy.
The innkeeper's daughters get stuck to the golden goose.
Open Field
A wide open field, likely grassy, where the procession of people stuck to the goose moves through.
Mood: Absurd and comical.
The parson and others get stuck to the growing chain of people following Dullhead and the goose.
Royal Court
A grand hall within the King's castle, where the princess resides and the King makes his decrees.
Mood: Formal, serious, and eventually joyful.
The princess laughs at the sight of the procession; Dullhead completes the eating challenge.
King's Cellar
A large, dark cellar filled with barrels of wine.
Mood: Damp, cool, and boozy.
The thirsty man drinks the entire cellar of wine.