The Nettle Spinner
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
THE NETTLE SPINNER
I
Once upon a time there lived at Quesnoy, in Flanders, a great lord
whose name was Burchard, but whom the country people called Burchard
the Wolf. Now Burchard had such a wicked, cruel heart, that it was
whispered how he used to harness his peasants to the plough, and force
them by blows from his whip to till his land with naked feet.
His wife, on the other hand, was always tender and pitiful to the poor
and miserable.
Every time that she heard of another misdeed of her husband’s she
secretly went to repair the evil, which caused her name to be blessed
throughout the whole country-side. This Countess was adored as much as
the Count was hated.
II
One day when he was out hunting the Count passed through a forest, and
at the door of a lonely cottage he saw a beautiful girl spinning hemp.
‘What is your name?’ he asked her.
‘Renelde, my lord.’
‘You must get tired of staying in such a lonely place?’
‘I am accustomed to it, my lord, and I never get tired of it.’
‘That may be so; but come to the castle, and I will make you lady’s
maid to the Countess.’
‘I cannot do that, my lord. I have to look after my grandmother, who is
very helpless.’
‘Come to the castle, I tell you. I shall expect you this evening,’ and
he went on his way.
But Renelde, who was betrothed to a young wood-cutter called Guilbert,
had no intention of obeying the Count, and she had, besides, to take
care of her grandmother.
Three days later the Count again passed by.
‘Why didn’t you come?’ he asked the pretty spinner.
‘I told you, my lord, that I have to look after my grandmother.’
‘Come to-morrow, and I will make you lady-in-waiting to the Countess,’
and he went on his way.
This offer produced no more effect than the other, and Renelde did not
go to the castle.
‘If you will only come,’ said the Count to her when next he rode by, ‘I
will send away the Countess, and will marry you.’
But two years before, when Renelde’s mother was dying of a long
illness, the Countess had not forgotten them, but had given help when
they sorely needed it. So even if the Count had really wished to marry
Renelde, she would always have refused.
III
Some weeks passed before Burchard appeared again.
Renelde hoped she had got rid of him, when one day he stopped at the
door, his duck-gun under his arm and his game-bag on his shoulder. This
time Renelde was spinning not hemp, but flax.
‘What are you spinning?’ he asked in a rough voice.
‘My wedding shift, my lord.’
‘You are going to be married, then?’
‘Yes, my lord, by your leave.’
For at that time no peasant could marry without the leave of his
master.
‘I will give you leave on one condition. Do you see those tall nettles
that grow on the tombs in the churchyard? Go and gather them, and spin
them into two fine shifts. One shall be your bridal shift, and the
other shall be my shroud. For you shall be married the day that I am
laid in my grave.’ And the Count turned away with a mocking laugh.
Renelde trembled. Never in all Locquignol had such a thing been heard
of as the spinning of nettles.
And besides, the Count seemed made of iron and was very proud of his
strength, often boasting that he should live to be a hundred.
Every evening, when his work was done, Guilbert came to visit his
future bride. This evening he came as usual, and Renelde told him what
Burchard had said.
‘Would you like me to watch for the Wolf, and split his skull with a
blow from my axe?’
‘No,’ replied Renelde, ‘there must be no blood on my bridal bouquet.
And then we must not hurt the Count. Remember how good the Countess was
to my mother.’
An old, old woman now spoke: she was the mother of Renelde’s
grandmother, and was more than ninety years old. All day long she sat
in her chair nodding her head and never saying a word.
‘My children,’ she said, ‘all the years that I have lived in the world,
I have never heard of a shift spun from nettles. But what God commands,
man can do. Why should not Renelde try it?’
IV
Renelde did try, and to her great surprise the nettles when crushed and
prepared gave a good thread, soft and light and firm. Very soon she had
spun the first shift, which was for her own wedding. She wove and cut
it out at once, hoping that the Count would not force her to begin the
other. Just as she had finished sewing it, Burchard the Wolf passed by.
‘Well,’ said he, ‘how are the shifts getting on?’
‘Here, my lord, is my wedding garment,’ answered Renelde, showing him
the shift, which was the finest and whitest ever seen.
The Count grew pale, but he replied roughly, ‘Very good. Now begin the
other.’
The spinner set to work. As the Count returned to the castle, a cold
shiver passed over him, and he felt, as the saying is, that some one
was walking over his grave. He tried to eat his supper, but could not;
he went to bed shaking with fever. But he did not sleep, and in the
morning could not manage to rise.
This sudden illness, which every instant became worse, made him very
uneasy. No doubt Renelde’s spinning-wheel knew all about it. Was it not
necessary that his body, as well as his shroud, should be ready for the
burial?
The first thing Burchard did was to send to Renelde and to stop her
wheel.
Renelde obeyed, and that evening Guilbert asked her:
‘Has the Count given his consent to our marriage?’
‘No,’ said Renelde.
‘Continue your work, sweetheart. It is the only way of gaining it. You
know he told you so himself.’
V
The following morning, as soon as she had put the house in order, the
girl sat down to spin. Two hours after there arrived some soldiers, and
when they saw her spinning they seized her, tied her arms and legs, and
carried her to the bank of the river, which was swollen by the late
rains.
When they reached the bank they flung her in, and watched her sink,
after which they left her. But Renelde rose to the surface, and though
she could not swim she struggled to land.
Directly she got home she sat down and began to spin.
Again came the two soldiers to the cottage and seized the girl, carried
her to the river bank, tied a stone to her neck and flung her into the
water.
The moment their backs were turned the stone untied itself. Renelde
waded the ford, returned to the hut, and sat down to spin.
This time the Count resolved to go to Locquignol himself; but, as he
was very weak and unable to walk, he had himself borne in a litter. And
still the spinner spun.
When he saw her he fired a shot at her, as he would have fired at a
wild beast. The bullet rebounded without harming the spinner, who still
spun on.
Burchard fell into such a violent rage that it nearly killed him. He
broke the wheel into a thousand pieces, and then fell fainting on the
ground. He was carried back to the castle, unconscious.
The next day the wheel was mended, and the spinner sat down to spin.
Feeling that while she was spinning he was dying, the Count ordered
that her hands should be tied, and that they should not lose sight of
her for one instant.
But the guards fell asleep, the bonds loosed themselves, and the
spinner spun on.
Burchard had every nettle rooted up for three leagues round. Scarcely
had they been torn from the soil when they sowed themselves afresh, and
grew as you were looking at them.
They sprung up even in the well-trodden floor of the cottage, and as
fast as they were uprooted the distaff gathered to itself a supply of
nettles, crushed, prepared, and ready for spinning.
And every day Burchard grew worse, and watched his end approaching.
VI
Moved by pity for her husband, the Countess at last found out the cause
of his illness, and entreated him to allow himself to be cured. But the
Count in his pride refused more than ever to give his consent to the
marriage.
So the lady resolved to go without his knowledge to pray for mercy from
the spinner, and in the name of Renelde’s dead mother she besought her
to spin no more. Renelde gave her promise, but in the evening Guilbert
arrived at the cottage. Seeing that the cloth was no farther advanced
than it was the evening before, he inquired the reason. Renelde
confessed that the Countess had prayed her not to let her husband die.
‘Will he consent to our marriage?’
‘No.’
‘Let him die then.’
‘But what will the Countess say?’
‘The Countess will understand that it is not your fault; the Count
alone is guilty of his own death.’
‘Let us wait a little. Perhaps his heart may be softened.’
So they waited for one month, for two, for six, for a year. The spinner
spun no more. The Count had ceased to persecute her, but he still
refused his consent to the marriage. Guilbert became impatient.
The poor girl loved him with her whole soul, and she was more unhappy
than she had been before, when Burchard was only tormenting her body.
‘Let us have done with it,’ said Guilbert.
‘Wait a little still,’ pleaded Renelde.
But the young man grew weary. He came more rarely to Locquignol, and
very soon he did not come at all. Renelde felt as if her heart would
break, but she held firm.
One day she met the Count. She clasped her hands as if in prayer, and
cried:
‘My lord, have mercy!’
Burchard the Wolf turned away his head and passed on.
She might have humbled his pride had she gone to her spinning-wheel
again, but she did nothing of the sort.
Not long after she learnt that Guilbert had left the country. He did
not even come to say good-bye to her, but, all the same, she knew the
day and hour of his departure, and hid herself on the road to see him
once more.
When she came in she put her silent wheel into a corner, and cried for
three days and three nights.
VII
So another year went by. Then the Count fell ill, and the Countess
supposed that Renelde, weary of waiting, had begun her spinning anew;
but when she came to the cottage to see, she found the wheel silent.
However, the Count grew worse and worse till he was given up by the
doctors. The passing bell was rung, and he lay expecting Death to come
for him. But Death was not so near as the doctors thought, and still he
lingered.
He seemed in a desperate condition, but he got neither better nor
worse. He could neither live nor die; he suffered horribly, and called
loudly on Death to put an end to his pains.
In this extremity he remembered what he had told the little spinner
long ago. If Death was so slow in coming, it was because he was not
ready to follow him, having no shroud for his burial.
He sent to fetch Renelde, placed her by his bedside, and ordered her at
once to go on spinning his shroud.
Hardly had the spinner begun to work when the Count began to feel his
pains grow less.
Then at last his heart melted; he was sorry for all the evil he had
done out of pride, and implored Renelde to forgive him. So Renelde
forgave him, and went on spinning night and day.
When the thread of the nettles was spun she wove it with her shuttle,
and then cut the shroud and began to sew it.
And as before, when she sewed the Count felt his pains grow less, and
the life sinking within him, and when the needle made the last stitch
he gave his last sigh.
VIII
At the same hour Guilbert returned to the country, and, as he had never
ceased to love Renelde, he married her eight days later.
He had lost two years of happiness, but comforted himself with thinking
that his wife was a clever spinner, and, what was much more rare, a
brave and good woman.[24]
[24] Ch. Deulin.
Story DNA
Moral
True love and unwavering virtue can overcome even the most tyrannical cruelty, and justice, though delayed, will ultimately prevail.
Plot Summary
A cruel lord, Burchard, demands a virtuous peasant girl, Renelde, spin two shifts from graveyard nettles—one for her wedding, one for his shroud—promising she'll marry only upon his death. As Renelde miraculously succeeds despite Burchard's escalating attempts to stop her, he falls gravely ill. After a period of suffering and the departure of her impatient fiancé, Burchard, on his deathbed, finally orders Renelde to complete his shroud. As she finishes, he repents and dies, allowing Renelde's fiancé to return and marry her, bringing justice and happiness.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story reflects the power dynamics of feudal society, where lords held immense power over their serfs, including control over their personal lives. The 'nettle spinning' motif is a common trope in European folklore, often associated with impossible tasks or magical protection.
Plot Beats (11)
- Cruel Count Burchard and kind Countess live in Quesnoy; Renelde, a virtuous spinner, lives with her grandmother.
- Burchard repeatedly tries to lure Renelde to his castle, but she refuses due to her betrothal to Guilbert and loyalty to the Countess.
- Enraged by her refusal, Burchard demands Renelde spin two shifts from graveyard nettles – one for her wedding, one for his shroud – promising she'll marry only when he dies.
- Renelde, encouraged by her ancient great-grandmother, begins spinning the nettles, which miraculously become fine thread.
- As Renelde completes her wedding shift, Burchard falls gravely ill, realizing his life is linked to her spinning.
- Burchard attempts to stop Renelde by having her drowned, shot, her wheel broken, her hands tied, and all nettles uprooted, but she miraculously continues to spin.
- The Countess, out of pity, persuades Renelde to stop spinning, causing Burchard's suffering to prolong, but also delaying her marriage.
- Guilbert, impatient with the delay, leaves Renelde, who remains steadfast despite her heartbreak.
- After a year, Burchard is on his deathbed, unable to die, and sends for Renelde to complete his shroud.
- As Renelde spins and sews the shroud, Burchard's pain diminishes, he repents, and dies with the final stitch.
- Guilbert returns, having never ceased to love Renelde, and they marry eight days later, finding happiness.
Characters
Burchard the Wolf
Strong, imposing, used to physical labor and hunting
Attire: Lordly attire, hunting clothes (tunic, breeches, boots, game bag)
Cruel, proud, stubborn
Renelde
Beautiful
Attire: Peasant dress (simple gown, apron), spinning tools
Kind, patient, resilient
Countess
Not specified, but implied to be graceful
Attire: Elegant gown befitting her status, possibly with a veil or headdress
Tender, pitiful, compassionate
Guilbert
Strong, fit from woodcutting
Attire: Woodcutter's attire (tunic, breeches, boots, axe)
Impatient, loving, somewhat fickle
Old Woman
Very old and frail
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned clothing
Wise, observant
Locations
Lonely Cottage in the Forest
A secluded cottage where Renelde lives with her grandmother and spins.
Mood: peaceful, isolated
The Count repeatedly tries to persuade Renelde to come to the castle, eventually demanding she spin nettles.
Churchyard with Tombs
A graveyard filled with tombs where tall nettles grow.
Mood: eerie, ominous
The Count mockingly orders Renelde to spin the nettles into a wedding shift for herself and a shroud for him.
River Bank
The bank of a river swollen by recent rains.
Mood: dangerous, threatening
Soldiers repeatedly throw Renelde into the river to try and stop her from spinning.
Castle Bedchamber
The Count's bedchamber where he lies ill and eventually dies.
Mood: suffering, remorseful
The Count repents and asks for forgiveness as Renelde finishes spinning his shroud, leading to his death and the end of the curse.