The Ratcatcher
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
The ratcatcher.’
The town council had just assembled to consider once more this plague
of Egypt, from which no one could save the town.
The stranger sent word to the counsellors that, if they would make it
worth his while, he would rid them of all their rats before night, down
to the very last.
‘Then he is a sorcerer!’ cried the citizens with one voice; ‘we must
beware of him.’
The Town Counsellor, who was considered clever, reassured them.
He said: ‘Sorcerer or no, if this bagpiper speaks the truth, it was he
who sent us this horrible vermin that he wants to rid us of to-day for
money. Well, we must learn to catch the devil in his own snares. You
leave it to me.’
‘Leave it to the Town Counsellor,’ said the citizens one to another.
And the stranger was brought before them.
‘Before night,’ said he, ‘I shall have despatched all the rats in Hamel
if you will but pay me a gros a head.’
‘A gros a head!’ cried the citizens, ‘but that will come to millions
of florins!’
The Town Counsellor simply shrugged his shoulders and said to the
stranger:
‘A bargain! To work; the rats will be paid one gros a head as you
ask.’
The bagpiper announced that he would operate that very evening when the
moon rose. He added that the inhabitants should at that hour leave the
streets free, and content themselves with looking out of their windows
at what was passing, and that it would be a pleasant spectacle. When
the people of Hamel heard of the bargain, they too exclaimed: ‘A gros
a head! but this will cost us a deal of money!’
‘Leave it to the Town Counsellor,’ said the town council with a
malicious air. And the good people of Hamel repeated with their
counsellors, ‘Leave it to the Town Counsellor.’
Towards nine at night the bagpiper re-appeared on the market place. He
turned, as at first, his back to the church, and the moment the moon
rose on the horizon, ‘Trarira, trari!’ the bagpipes resounded.
It was first a slow, caressing sound, then more and more lively and
urgent, and so sonorous and piercing that it penetrated as far as the
farthest alleys and retreats of the town.
Soon from the bottom of the cellars, the top of the garrets, from under
all the furniture, from all the nooks and corners of the houses, out
come the rats, search for the door, fling themselves into the street,
and trip, trip, trip, begin to run in file towards the front of the
town hall, so squeezed together that they covered the pavement like the
waves of flooded torrent.
When the square was quite full the bagpiper faced about, and, still
playing briskly, turned towards the river that runs at the foot of the
walls of Hamel.
Arrived there he turned round; the rats were following.
‘Hop! hop!’ he cried, pointing with his finger to the middle of the
stream, where the water whirled and was drawn down as if through a
funnel. And hop! hop! without hesitating, the rats took the leap, swam
straight to the funnel, plunged in head foremost and disappeared.
The plunging continued thus without ceasing till midnight.
At last, dragging himself with difficulty, came a big rat, white with
age, and stopped on the bank.
It was the king of the band.
‘Are they all there, friend Blanchet?’ asked the bagpiper.
‘They are all there,’ replied friend Blanchet.
‘And how many were they?’
‘Nine hundred and ninety thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine.’
‘Well reckoned?’
‘Well reckoned.’
‘Then go and join them, old sire, and au revoir.’
Then the old white rat sprang in his turn into the river, swam to the
whirlpool and disappeared.
When the bagpiper had thus concluded his business he went to bed at his
inn. And for the first time during three months the people of Hamel
slept quietly through the night.
The next morning, at nine o’clock, the bagpiper repaired to the town
hall, where the town council awaited him.
‘All your rats took a jump into the river yesterday,’ said he to the
counsellors, ‘and I guarantee that not one of them comes back. They
were nine hundred and ninety thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine, at
one gros a head. Reckon!’
‘Let us reckon the heads first. One gros a head is one head the
gros. Where are the heads?’
The ratcatcher did not expect this treacherous stroke. He paled with
anger and his eyes flashed fire.
‘The heads!’ cried he, ‘if you care about them, go and find them in the
river.’
‘So,’ replied the Town Counsellor, ‘you refuse to hold to the terms of
your agreement? We ourselves could refuse you all payment. But you have
been of use to us, and we will not let you go without a recompense,’
and he offered him fifty crowns.
‘Keep your recompense for yourself,’ replied the ratcatcher proudly.
‘If you do not pay me I will be paid by your heirs.’
Thereupon he pulled his hat down over his eyes, went hastily out of the
hall, and left the town without speaking to a soul.
When the Hamel people heard how the affair had ended they rubbed their
hands, and with no more scruple than their Town Counsellor, they
laughed over the ratcatcher, who, they said, was caught in his own
trap. But what made them laugh above all was his threat of getting
himself paid by their heirs. Ha! they wished that they only had such
creditors for the rest of their lives.
Next day, which was a Sunday, they all went gaily to church, thinking
that after Mass they would at last be able to eat some good thing that
the rats had not tasted before them.
They never suspected the terrible surprise that awaited them on their
return home. No children anywhere, they had all disappeared!
‘Our children! where are our poor children?’ was the cry that was soon
heard in all the streets.
Then through the east door of the town came three little boys, who
cried and wept, and this is what they told:
While the parents were at church a wonderful music had resounded. Soon
all the little boys and all the little girls that had been left at home
had gone out, attracted by the magic sounds, and had rushed to the
great market-place. There they found the ratcatcher playing his
bagpipes at the same spot as the evening before. Then the stranger had
begun to walk quickly, and they had followed, running, singing and
dancing to the sound of the music, as far as the foot of the mountain
which one sees on entering Hamel. At their approach the mountain had
opened a little, and the bagpiper had gone in with them, after which it
had closed again. Only the three little ones who told the adventure had
remained outside, as if by a miracle. One was bandy-legged and could
not run fast enough; the other, who had left the house in haste, one
foot shod the other bare, had hurt himself against a big stone and
could not walk without difficulty; the third had arrived in time, but
in harrying to go in with the others had struck so violently against
the wall of the mountain that he fell backwards at the moment it closed
upon his comrades.
At this story the parents redoubled their lamentations. They ran with
pikes and mattocks to the mountain, and searched till evening to find
the opening by which their children had disappeared, without being able
to find it. At last, the night falling, they returned desolate to
Hamel.
But the most unhappy of all was the Town Counsellor, for he lost three
little boys and two pretty little girls, and to crown all, the people
of Hamel overwhelmed him with reproaches, forgetting that the evening
before they had all agreed with him.
What had become of all these unfortunate children?
The parents always hoped they were not dead, and that the rat-catcher,
who certainly must have come out of the mountain, would have taken them
with him to his country. That is why for several years they sent in
search of them to different countries, but no one ever came on the
trace of the poor little ones.
It was not till much later that anything was to be heard of them.
About one hundred and fifty years after the event, when there was no
longer one left of the fathers, mothers, brothers or sisters of that
day, there arrived one evening in Hamel some merchants of Bremen
returning from the East, who asked to speak with the citizens. They
told that they, in crossing Hungary, had sojourned in a mountainous
country called Transylvania, where the inhabitants only spoke German,
while all around them nothing was spoken but Hungarian. These people
also declared that they came from Germany, but they did not know how
they chanced to be in this strange country. ‘Now,’ said the merchants
of Bremen, ‘these Germans cannot be other than the descendants of the
lost children of Hamel.’
The people of Hamel did not doubt it; and since that day they regard it
as certain that the Transylvanians of Hungary are their country folk,
whose ancestors, as children, were brought there by the ratcatcher.
There are more difficult things to believe than that.[16]
[16] Ch. Marelles.
THE TRUE HISTORY OF LITTLE GOLDEN HOOD
You know the tale of poor Little Red Riding-hood, that the Wolf
deceived and devoured, with her cake, her little butter can, and her
Grandmother; well, the true story happened quite differently, as we
know now. And first of all the little girl was called and is still
called Little Golden-hood; secondly, it was not she, nor the good
grand-dame, but the wicked Wolf who was, in the end, caught and
devoured.
Only listen.
The story begins something like the tale.
There was once a little peasant girl, pretty and nice as a star in its
season. Her real name was Blanchette, but she was more often called
Little Golden-hood, on account of a wonderful little cloak with a hood,
gold- and fire-coloured, which she always had on. This little hood was
given her by her Grandmother, who was so old that she did not know her
age; it ought to bring her good luck, for it was made of a ray of
sunshine, she said. And as the good old woman was considered something
of a witch, everyone thought the little hood rather bewitched too.
And so it was, as you will see.
One day the mother said to the child: ‘Let us see, my little
Golden-hood, if you know now how to find your way by yourself. You
shall take this good piece of cake to your Grandmother for a Sunday
treat to-morrow. You will ask her how she is, and come back at once,
without stopping to chatter on the way with people you don’t know. Do
you quite understand?’
‘I quite understand,’ replied Blanchette gaily. And off she went with
the cake, quite proud of her errand.
But the Grandmother lived in another village, and there was a big wood
to cross before getting there. At a turn of the road under the trees,
suddenly ‘Who goes there?’
‘Friend Wolf.’
He had seen the child start alone, and the villain was waiting to
devour her; when at the same moment he perceived some wood-cutters who
might observe him, and he changed his mind. Instead of falling upon
Blanchette he came frisking up to her like a good dog.
‘’Tis you! my nice Little Golden-hood,’ said he. So the little girl
stops to talk with the Wolf, who, for all that, she did not know in the
least.
‘You know me, then!’ said she; ‘what is your name?’
‘My name is friend Wolf. And where are you going thus, my pretty one,
with your little basket on your arm?’
‘I am going to my Grandmother, to take her a good piece of cake for her
Sunday treat to-morrow.’
‘And where does she live, your Grandmother?’
‘She lives at the other side of the wood, in the first house in the
village, near the windmill, you know.’
‘Ah! yes! I know now,’ said the Wolf. ‘Well, that’s just where I’m
going; I shall get there before you, no doubt, with your little bits of
legs, and I’ll tell her you’re coming to see her; then she’ll wait for
you.’
Thereupon the Wolf cuts across the wood, and in five minutes arrives at
the Grandmother’s house.
He knocks at the door: toc, toc.
No answer.
He knocks louder.
Nobody.
Then he stands up on end, puts his two fore-paws on the latch and the
door opens.
Not a soul in the house.
The old woman had risen early to sell herbs in the town, and she had
gone off in such haste that she had left her bed unmade, with her great
night-cap on the pillow.
‘Good!’ said the Wolf to himself, ‘I know what I’ll do.’
He shuts the door, pulls on the Grandmother’s night-cap down to his
eyes, then he lies down all his length in the bed and draws the
curtains.
In the meantime the good Blanchette went quietly on her way, as little
girls do, amusing herself here and there by picking Easter daisies,
watching the little birds making their nests, and running after the
butterflies which fluttered in the sunshine.
At last she arrives at the door.
Knock, knock.
‘Who is there?’ says the Wolf, softening his rough voice as best he
can.
‘It’s me, Granny, your little Golden-hood. I’m bringing you a big piece
of cake for your Sunday treat to-morrow.’
‘Press your finger on the latch, then push and the door opens.’
‘Why, you’ve got a cold, Granny,’ said she, coming in.
‘Ahem! a little, a little...’ replies the Wolf, pretending to cough.
‘Shut the door well, my little lamb. Put your basket on the table, and
then take off your frock and come and lie down by me: you shall rest a
little.’
The good child undresses, but observe this! She kept her little hood
upon her head. When she saw what a figure her Granny cut in bed, the
poor little thing was much surprised.
‘Oh!’ cries she, ‘how like you are to friend Wolf, Grandmother!’
‘That’s on account of my night-cap, child,’ replies the Wolf.
‘Oh! what hairy arms you’ve got, Grandmother!’
‘All the better to hug you, my child.’
‘Oh! what a big tongue you’ve got, Grandmother!’
‘All the better for answering, child.’
‘Oh! what a mouthful of great white teeth you have, Grandmother!’
‘That’s for crunching little children with!’ And the Wolf opened his
jaws wide to swallow Blanchette.
But she put down her head crying:
‘Mamma! Mamma!’ and the Wolf only caught her little hood.
Thereupon, oh dear! oh dear! he draws back, crying and shaking his jaw
as if he had swallowed red-hot coals.
It was the little fire-coloured hood that had burnt his tongue right
down his throat.
The little hood, you see, was one of those magic caps that they used to
have in former times, in the stories, for making oneself invisible or
invulnerable.
So there was the Wolf with his throat burnt, jumping off the bed and
trying to find the door, howling and howling as if all the dogs in the
country were at his heels.
Just at this moment the Grandmother arrives, returning from the town
with her long sack empty on her shoulder.
‘Ah, brigand!’ she cries, ‘wait a bit!’ Quickly she opens her sack wide
across the door, and the maddened Wolf springs in head downwards.
It is he now that is caught, swallowed like a letter in the post.
For the brave old dame shuts her sack, so; and she runs and empties it
in the well, where the vagabond, still howling, tumbles in and is
drowned.
‘Ah, scoundrel! you thought you would crunch my little grandchild!
Well, to-morrow we will make her a muff of your skin, and you yourself
shall be crunched, for we will give your carcass to the dogs.’
Thereupon the Grandmother hastened to dress poor Blanchette, who was
still trembling with fear in the bed.
‘Well,’ she said to her, ‘without my little hood where would you be
now, darling?’ And, to restore heart and legs to the child, she made
her eat a good piece of her cake, and drink a good draught of wine,
after which she took her by the hand and led her back to the house.
And then, who was it who scolded her when she knew all that had
happened?
It was the mother.
But Blanchette promised over and over again that she would never more
stop to listen to a Wolf, so that at last the mother forgave her.
And Blanchette, the Little Golden-hood, kept her word. And in fine
weather she may still be seen in the fields with her pretty little
hood, the colour of the sun.
But to see her you must rise early.[17]
[17] Ch. Marelles.
Story DNA
Moral
Betrayal and greed, especially when dealing with those who hold power, will inevitably lead to severe and unexpected retribution.
Plot Summary
The rat-infested town of Hamel hires a mysterious ratcatcher who promises to rid them of their plague for a high price. The Town Counsellor, intending to cheat him, agrees. The ratcatcher successfully lures all the rats into the river, but when he demands payment, the townspeople refuse and mock him. Enraged, the ratcatcher returns on Sunday and, with his magical pipes, lures all the town's children into a mountain, which closes behind them, never to be seen again, leaving the town in profound sorrow and regret for their greed.
Themes
Emotional Arc
initial relief to profound sorrow and regret
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This story is a retelling of the legend of the Pied Piper of Hamelin, a German folk tale dating back to the Middle Ages, often interpreted as an allegory for various historical events, including child crusades, plagues, or emigration.
Plot Beats (15)
- Hamel is overrun by rats, and the town council is desperate.
- A stranger, the ratcatcher, offers to remove all rats for a 'gros' per head.
- The Town Counsellor, believing he can outsmart the ratcatcher, agrees to the exorbitant price, intending to renege.
- The ratcatcher plays his pipes, luring all the rats out of the town and into the river, where they drown.
- The ratcatcher returns for payment, stating the exact number of rats (990,999).
- The Town Counsellor refuses full payment, offering only a small recompense and mocking the ratcatcher.
- The ratcatcher, enraged, vows to be paid by their heirs and leaves Hamel.
- The townspeople, including the Town Counsellor, laugh at the ratcatcher's threat.
- The next day, Sunday, while the adults are at church, the ratcatcher returns and plays his pipes again.
- All the children of Hamel are drawn by the music and follow the ratcatcher to a mountain.
- The mountain opens, and the ratcatcher leads the children inside, after which it closes, trapping them.
- Three children, due to various physical impediments, are left behind and recount the event to the horrified parents.
- The parents desperately search the mountain but cannot find the opening or their children.
- The Town Counsellor is particularly devastated, having lost five children, and is reproached by the townspeople.
- Years later, merchants from Bremen suggest that German-speaking people in Transylvania are the descendants of Hamel's lost children.
Characters
The Ratcatcher
Implied to be unremarkable until angered, then eyes flash fire
Attire: Implied to wear traveling clothes, perhaps with a distinctive hat
Proud, easily angered, skilled
Town Counsellor
Not described, but implied to be well-fed and self-important
Attire: Formal town council attire, reflecting his position
Treacherous, greedy, manipulative
Blanchet
Large, white with age
Loyal, dutiful
The Children
Not described
Attire: Sunday best clothing
Innocent, easily led
Locations
Town Hall of Hamel
A place where the town council assembles, with a large square outside
Mood: tense, then treacherous
The ratcatcher makes a deal with the council and is later betrayed.
Streets of Hamel
Narrow alleys and main streets filled with houses, leading to the town hall and the river
Mood: eerie, surreal
The rats are lured from their hiding places and follow the piper.
River at the Foot of the Walls of Hamel
A deep river with a strong current and a whirlpool
Mood: ominous, watery
The rats are drowned in the whirlpool.