The Seven Foals
by Andrew Lang · from The Red Fairy Book
Original Story
THE SEVEN FOALS
There was once upon a time a couple of poor folks who lived in a
wretched hut, far away from everyone else, in a wood. They only just
managed to live from hand to mouth, and had great difficulty in doing
even so much as that, but they had three sons, and the youngest of them
was called Cinderlad, for he did nothing else but lie and poke about
among the ashes.
One day the eldest lad said that he would go out to earn his living; he
soon got leave to do that, and set out on his way into the world. He
walked on and on for the whole day, and when night was beginning to
fall he came to a royal palace. The King was standing outside on the
steps, and asked where he was going.
‘Oh, I am going about seeking a place, my father,’ said the youth.
‘Wilt thou serve me, and watch my seven foals?’ asked the King. ‘If
thou canst watch them for a whole day and tell me at night what they
eat and drink, thou shalt have the Princess and half my kingdom, but if
thou canst not, I will cut three red stripes on thy back.’
The youth thought that it was very easy work to watch the foals, and
that he could do it well enough.
Next morning, when day was beginning to dawn, the King’s Master of the
Horse let out the seven foals; and they ran away, and the youth after
them just as it chanced, over hill and dale, through woods end bogs.
When the youth had run thus for a long time he began to be tired, and
when he had held on a little longer he was heartily weary of watching
at all, and at the same moment he came to a cleft in a rock where an
old woman was sitting spinning with her distaff in her hand.
As soon as she caught sight of the youth, who was running after the
foals till the perspiration streamed down his face, she cried:
‘Come hither, come hither, my handsome son, and let me comb your hair
for you.’
The lad was willing enough, so he sat down in the cleft of the rock
beside the old hag, and laid his head on her knees, and she combed his
hair all day while he lay there and gave himself up to idleness.
When evening was drawing near, the youth wanted to go.
‘I may just as well go straight home again,’ said he, ‘for it is no use
to go to the King’s palace.’
‘Wait till it is dusk,’ said the old hag, ‘and then the King’s foals
will pass by this place again, and you can run home with them; no one
will ever know that you have been lying here all day instead of
watching the foals.’
So when they came she gave the lad a bottle of water and a bit of moss,
and told him to show these to the King and say that this was what his
seven foals ate and drank.
‘Hast thou watched faithfully and well the whole day long?’ said the
King, when the lad came into his presence in the evening.
‘Yes, that I have!’ said the youth.
‘Then you are able to tell me what it is that my seven foals eat and
drink,’ said the King.
So the youth produced the bottle of water and the bit of moss which he
had got from the old woman, saying:
‘Here you see their meat, and here you see their drink.’
Then the King knew how his watching had been done, and fell into such a
rage that he ordered his people to chase the youth back to his own home
at once; but first they were to cut three red stripes in his back, and
rub salt into them.
When the youth reached home again, anyone can imagine what a state of
mind he was in. He had gone out once to seek a place, he said, but
never would he do such a thing again.
Next day the second son said that he would now go out into the world to
seek his fortune. His father and mother said ‘No,’ and bade him look at
his brother’s back, but the youth would not give up his design, and
stuck to it, and after a long, long time he got leave to go, and set
forth on his way. When he had walked all day he too came to the King’s
palace, and the King was standing outside on the steps, and asked where
he was going; and when the youth replied that he was going about in
search of a place, the King said that he might enter into his service
and watch his seven foals. Then the King promised him the same
punishment and the same reward that he had promised his brother.
The youth at once consented to this and entered into the King’s
service, for he thought he could easily watch the foals and inform the
King what they ate and drank.
In the grey light of dawn the Master of the Horse let out the seven
foals, and off they went again over hill and dale, and off went the lad
after them. But all went with him as it had gone with his brother. When
he had run after the foals for a long, long time and was hot and tired,
he passed by a cleft in the rock where an old woman was sitting
spinning with a distaff, and she called to him:
‘Come hither, come hither, my handsome son, and let me comb your hair.’
The youth liked the thought of this, let the foals run where they
chose, and seated himself in the cleft of the rock by the side of the
old hag. So there he sat with his head on her lap, taking his ease the
livelong day.
The foals came back in the evening, and then he too got a bit of moss
and a bottle of water from the old hag, which things he was to show to
the King. But when the King asked the youth: ‘Canst thou tell me what
my seven foals eat and drink?’ and the youth showed him the bit of moss
and the bottle of water, and said: ‘Yes here may you behold their meat,
and here their drink,’ the King once more became wroth, and commanded
that three red stripes should be cut on the lad’s back, that salt
should be strewn upon them, and that he should then be instantly chased
back to his own home. So when the youth got home again he too related
all that had happened to him, and he too said that he had gone out in
search of a place once, but that never would he do it again.
On the third day Cinderlad wanted to set out. He had a fancy to try to
watch the seven foals himself, he said.
The two others laughed at him, and mocked him. ‘What! when all went so
ill with us, do you suppose that you are going to succeed? You look
like succeeding—you who have never done anything else but lie and poke
about among the ashes!’ said they.
‘Yes, I will go too,’ said Cinderlad, ‘for I have taken it into my
head.’
The two brothers laughed at him, and his father and mother begged him
not to go, but all to no purpose, and Cinderlad set out on his way. So
when he had walked the whole day, he too came to the King’s palace as
darkness began to fall.
There stood the King outside on the steps, and he asked whither he was
bound.
‘I am walking about in search of a place,’ said Cinderlad.
‘From whence do you come, then?’ inquired the King, for by this time he
wanted to know a little more about the men before he took any of them
into his service.
So Cinderlad told him whence he came, and that he was brother to the
two who had watched the seven foals for the King, and then he inquired
if he might be allowed to try to watch them on the following day.
‘Oh, shame on them!’ said the King, for it enraged him even to think of
them. ‘If thou art brother to those two, thou too art not good for
much. I have had enough of such fellows.’
‘Well, but as I have come here, you might just give me leave to make
the attempt,’ said Cinderlad.
‘Oh, very well, if thou art absolutely determined to have thy back
flayed, thou may’st have thine own way if thou wilt,’ said the King.
‘I would much rather have the Princess,’ said Cinderlad.
Next morning, in the grey light of dawn, the Master of the Horse let
out the seven foals again, and off they set over hill and dale, through
woods and bogs, and off went Cinderlad after them. When he had run thus
for a long time, he too came to the cleft in the rock. There the old
hag was once more sitting spinning from her distaff, and she cried to
Cinderlad;
‘Come hither, come hither, my handsome son, and let me comb your hair
for you.’
‘Come to me, then; come to me!’ said Cinderlad, as he passed by jumping
and running, and keeping tight hold of one of the foals’ tails.
When he had got safely past the cleft in the rock, the youngest foal
said:
‘Get on my back, for we have still a long way to go.’ So the lad did
this.
And thus they journeyed onwards a long, long way.
‘Dost thou see anything now?’ said the Foal.
‘No,’ said Cinderlad.
So they journeyed onwards a good bit farther.
‘Dost thou see anything now?’ asked the Foal.
‘Oh, no,’ said the lad.
When they had gone thus for a long, long way, the Foal again asked:
‘Dost thou see anything now?’
‘Yes, now I see something that is white,’ said Cinderlad. ‘It looks
like the trunk of a great thick birch tree.’
‘Yes, that is where we are to go in,’ said the Foal.
When they got to the trunk, the eldest foal broke it down on one side,
and then they saw a door where the trunk had been standing, and inside
this there was a small room, and in the room there was scarcely
anything but a small fire-place and a couple of benches, but behind the
door hung a great rusty sword and a small pitcher.
‘Canst thou wield that sword?’ asked the Foal.
Cinderlad tried, but could not do it; so he had to take a draught from
the pitcher, and then one more, and after that still another, and then
he was able to wield the sword with perfect ease.
‘Good,’ said the Foal; ‘and now thou must take the sword away with
thee, and with it shalt thou cut off the heads of all seven of us on
thy wedding-day, and then we shall become princes again as we were
before. For we are brothers of the Princess whom thou art to have when
thou canst tell the King what we eat and drink, but there is a mighty
Troll who has cast a spell over us. When thou hast cut off our heads,
thou must take the greatest care to lay each head at the tail of the
body to which it belonged before, and then the spell which the Troll
has cast upon us will lose all its power.’
Cinderlad promised to do this, and then they went on farther.
When they had travelled a long, long way, the Foal said:
‘Dost thou see anything?’
‘No,’ said Cinderlad.
So they went on a great distance farther.
‘And now?’ inquired the Foal, ‘seest thou nothing now?’
‘Alas! no,’ said Cinderlad.
So they travelled onwards again, for many and many a mile, over hill
and dale.
‘Now, then,’ said the Foal, ‘dost thou not see anything now?’
‘Yes,’ said Cinderlad; ‘now I see something like a bluish streak, far,
far away.’
‘That is a river,’ said the Foal, ‘and we have to cross it.’
There was a long, handsome bridge over the river, and when they had got
to the other side of it they again travelled on a long, long way, and
then once more the Foal inquired if Cinderlad saw anything. Yes, this
time he saw something that looked black, far, far away, and was rather
like a church tower.
‘Yes,’ said the Foal, ‘we shall go into that.’
When the Foals got into the churchyard they turned into men and looked
like the sons of a king, and their clothes were so magnificent that
they shone with splendour, and they went into the church and received
bread and wine from the priest, who was standing before the altar, and
Cinderlad went in too. But when the priest had laid his hands on the
princes and read the blessing, they went out of the church again, and
Cinderlad went out too, but he took with him a flask of wine and some
consecrated bread. No sooner had the seven princes come out into the
churchyard than they became foals again, and Cinderlad got upon the
back of the youngest, and they returned by the way they had come, only
they went much, much faster.
First they went over the bridge, and then past the trunk of the birch
tree, and then past the old hag who sat in the cleft of the rock
spinning, and they went by so fast that Cinderlad could not hear what
the old hag screeched after him, but just heard enough to understand
that she was terribly enraged.
It was all but dark when they got back to the King at nightfall, and he
himself was standing in the courtyard waiting for them.
‘Hast thou watched well and faithfully the whole day?’ said the King to
Cinderlad.
‘I have done my best,’ replied Cinderlad.
‘Then thou canst tell me what my seven foals eat and drink?’ asked the
King.
So Cinderlad pulled out the consecrated bread and the flask of wine,
and showed them to the King. ‘Here may you behold their meat, and here
their drink,’ said he.
‘Yes, diligently and faithfully hast thou watched,’ said the King, ‘and
thou shalt have the Princess and half the kingdom.’
So all was made ready for the wedding, and the King said that it was to
be so stately and magnificent that everyone should hear of it, and
everyone inquire about it.
But when they sat down to the marriage-feast, the bridegroom arose and
went down to the stable, for he said that he had forgotten something
which he must go and look to. When he got there, he did what the foals
had bidden him, and cut off the heads of all the seven. First the
eldest, and then the second, and so on according to their age, and he
was extremely careful to lay each head at the tail of the foal to which
it had belonged, and when that was done, all the foals became princes
again. When he returned to the marriage-feast with the seven princes,
the King was so joyful that he both kissed Cinderlad and clapped him on
the back, and his bride was still more delighted with him than she had
been before.
‘Half my kingdom is thine already,’ said the King, ‘and the other half
shall be thine after my death, for my sons can get countries and
kingdoms for themselves now that they have become princes again.’
Therefore, as all may well believe, there was joy and merriment at that
wedding.[31]
[31] From J. Moe.
THE MARVELLOUS MUSICIAN
There was once upon a time a marvellous musician. One day he was
wandering through a wood all by himself, thinking now of one thing, now
of another, till there was nothing else left to think about. Then he
said to himself:
‘Time hangs very heavily on my hands when I’m all alone in the wood. I
must try and find a pleasant companion.’
So he took his fiddle out, and fiddled till he woke the echoes round.
After a time a wolf came through the thicket and trotted up to the
musician.
‘Oh! it’s a Wolf, is it?’ said he. ‘I’ve not the smallest wish for his
society.’
But the Wolf approached him and said:
‘Oh, my dear musician, how beautifully you play! I wish you’d teach me
how it’s done.’
‘That’s easily learned,’ answered the fiddler; ‘you must only do
exactly as I tell you.’
‘Of course I will,’ replied the Wolf. ‘I can promise that you will find
me a most apt pupil.’
So they joined company and went on their way together, and after a time
they came to an old oak tree, which was hollow and had a crack in the
middle of the trunk.
‘Now,’ said the Musician, ‘if you want to learn to fiddle, here’s your
chance. Lay your front paws in this crack.’
The Wolf did as he was told, and the Musician quickly seized a stone,
and wedged both his fore paws so firmly into the crack that he was held
there, a fast prisoner.
‘Wait there till I return,’ said the Fiddler, and he went on his way.
After a time he said to himself again:
‘Time hangs very heavily on my hands when I’m all alone in the wood; I
must try and find a companion.’
So he drew out his fiddle, and fiddled away lustily. Presently a fox
slunk through the trees.
‘Aha! what have we here?’ said the Musician. ‘A fox; well, I haven’t
the smallest desire for his company.’
The Fox came straight up to him and said:
‘My dear friend, how beautifully you play the fiddle; I would like to
learn how you do it.’
‘Nothing easier,’ said the Musician, ‘if you’ll promise to do exactly
as I tell you.’
‘Certainly,’ answered the Fox, ‘you have only to say the word.’
‘Well, then, follow me,’ replied the Fiddler.
When they had gone a bit of the way, they came to a path with high
trees on each side. Here the Musician halted, bent a stout hazel bough
down to the ground from one side of the path, and put his foot on the
end of it to keep it down. Then he bent a branch down from the other
side and said:
‘Give me your left front paw, my little Fox, if you really wish to
learn how it’s done.’
The Fox did as he was told, and the Musician tied his front paw to the
end of one of the branches.
‘Now, my friend,’ he said, ‘give me your right paw.’
This he bound to the other branch, and having carefully seen that his
knots were all secure, he stepped off the ends of the branches, and
they sprang back, leaving the poor Fox suspended in mid-air.
‘Just you wait where you are till I return,’ said the Musician, and he
went on his way again.
Once more he said to himself:
‘Time hangs heavily on my hands when I’m all alone in the wood; I must
try and find another companion.’
So he took out his fiddle and played as merrily as before. This time a
little hare came running up at the sound.
‘Oh! here comes a hare,’ said the Musician; ‘I’ve not the smallest
desire for his company.’
‘How beautifully you play, dear Mr. Fiddler,’ said the little Hare. ‘I
wish I could learn how you do it.’
‘It’s easily learnt,’ answered the Musician; ‘just do exactly as I tell
you.’
‘That I will,’ said the Hare, ‘you will find me a most attentive
pupil.’
They went on a bit together, till they came to a thin part of the wood,
where they found an aspen tree growing. The Musician bound a long cord
round the little Hare’s neck, the other end of which he fastened to the
tree.
‘Now, my merry little friend,’ said the Musician, ‘run twenty times
round the tree.’
The little Hare obeyed, and when it had run twenty times round the
tree, the cord had twisted itself twenty times round the trunk, so that
the poor little beast was held a fast prisoner, and it might bite and
tear as much as it liked, it couldn’t free itself, and the cord only
cut its tender neck.
‘Wait there till I return,’ said the Musician, and went on his way.
In the meantime the Wolf had pulled and bitten and scratched at the
stone, till at last he succeeded in getting his paws out. Full of
anger, he hurried after the Musician, determined when he met him to
tear him to pieces. When the Fox saw him running by, he called out as
loud as he could:
‘Brother Wolf, come to my rescue, the Musician has deceived me too.’
The Wolf pulled the branches down, bit the cord in two, and set the Fox
free. So they went on their way together, both vowing vengeance on the
Musician. They found the poor imprisoned little Hare, and having set
him free also, they all set out to look for their enemy.
During this time the Musician had once more played his fiddle, and had
been more fortunate in the result. The sounds pierced to the ears of a
poor woodman, who instantly left his work, and with his hatchet under
his arm came to listen to the music.
‘At last I’ve got a proper sort of companion,’ said the Musician, ‘for
it was a human being I wanted all along, and not a wild animal.’
And he began playing so enchantingly that the poor man stood there as
if bewitched, and his heart leapt for joy as he listened.
And as he stood thus, the Wolf and Fox and little Hare came up, and the
woodman saw at once that they meant mischief. He lifted his glittering
axe and placed himself in front of the Musician, as much as to say: ‘If
you touch a hair of his head, beware, for you will have to answer for
it to me.’
Then the beasts were frightened, and they all three ran back into the
wood, and the Musician played the woodman one of his best tunes, by way
of thanks, and then continued his way.[32]
[32] Grimm.
Story DNA
Moral
Perseverance, cleverness, and kindness can overcome obstacles and reveal hidden truths, leading to deserved rewards.
Plot Summary
The eldest and second sons of a poor family fail a King's challenge to watch his seven foals, tricked by an old hag and punished. The youngest, Cinderlad, despite being ridiculed, attempts the challenge. He resists the hag's trickery, gains her help, and discovers the foals are enchanted princes who eat consecrated bread and wine. Cinderlad reveals this truth to the King, wins the Princess and half the kingdom, and then, following the foals' instructions, breaks their enchantment, transforming them back into princes.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This story is a variant of the 'Ash-boy' or 'Cinderella' type, where the youngest, often overlooked, sibling proves to be the most capable. The specific details of the foals and the hag are characteristic of Scandinavian folklore.
Plot Beats (13)
- A poor family with three sons, the youngest being Cinderlad, lives in a hut.
- The eldest son goes to seek his fortune and accepts a King's challenge to watch seven foals for a day, promising the Princess and half the kingdom if successful, or three red stripes if he fails.
- The eldest son is lured by an old hag to rest, neglecting the foals, and presents moss and water as their food/drink, leading to his punishment.
- The second son attempts the same challenge, falls for the same trick by the old hag, and receives the same punishment.
- Cinderlad, despite his brothers' ridicule and parents' warnings, insists on trying the challenge.
- Cinderlad encounters the old hag but refuses her offer to comb his hair, instead asking for advice.
- The hag, impressed by his refusal, reveals that the foals are enchanted princes and tells him how to follow them and what they truly eat and drink.
- Cinderlad follows the foals through a hidden door to a beautiful meadow, observes them eating consecrated bread and drinking wine, and gathers samples.
- Cinderlad returns to the King, presenting the consecrated bread and wine as the foals' sustenance, proving his success.
- The King declares Cinderlad the winner, promising him the Princess and half the kingdom.
- During the wedding feast, Cinderlad goes to the stable and, following the foals' instructions, cuts off their heads.
- The foals transform back into seven princes, and Cinderlad brings them to the feast.
- The King rejoices, Cinderlad marries the Princess, and the princes are now free to seek their own kingdoms.
Characters
Cinderlad
Covered in ashes, unkempt
Attire: Ragged, simple peasant clothing
Lazy, underestimated, clever
King
Royal bearing
Attire: Royal robes, crown
Stern, demanding, easily fooled
Old Hag
Warty, bent over
Attire: Simple, old-fashioned dress
Deceptive, manipulative
Musician
Wandering, resourceful
Attire: Simple traveling clothes
Clever, lonely, musical
Wolf
Grey fur, sharp teeth
Gullible, vengeful
Fox
Red fur, bushy tail
Deceptive, easily tricked
Hare
Small, brown fur
Naive, easily manipulated
Woodman
Strong, protective
Attire: Working clothes, carrying an axe
Loyal, brave
Locations
Wretched Hut
A poor dwelling, far from others, suggesting isolation and poverty.
Mood: Desolate, impoverished
Cinderlad's initial state of being; departure of older brothers
Royal Palace Steps
The entrance to the King's palace, where the King stands to greet travelers.
Mood: Formal, imposing
Eldest brothers make deals with the king
Cleft in the Rock
A rocky outcrop where an old woman sits spinning.
Mood: Deceptive, lazy
The brothers are tricked by the old woman
Hollow Oak Tree
An old oak tree, which was hollow and had a crack in the middle of the trunk.
Mood: Trapping, dangerous
The musician traps the wolf
Path with High Trees
A path with high trees on each side.
Mood: Trapping, dangerous
The musician traps the fox