Jesper Who Herded the Hares

by Andrew Lang · from The Violet Fairy Book

fairy tale transformation whimsical Ages 5-10 3630 words 16 min read
Cover: Jesper Who Herded the Hares
Original Story 3630 words · 16 min read

JESPER WHO HERDED THE HARES

There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sunrise

and sunset. It was as small as kingdoms usually were in old times, and

when the king went up to the roof of his palace and took a look round

he could see to the ends of it in every direction. But as it was all his

own, he was very proud of it, and often wondered how it would get along

without him. He had only one child, and that was a daughter, so he

foresaw that she must be provided with a husband who would be fit to be

king after him. Where to find one rich enough and clever enough to be

a suitable match for the princess was what troubled him, and often kept

him awake at night.

At last he devised a plan. He made a proclamation over all his kingdom

(and asked his nearest neighbours to publish it in theirs as well) that

whoever could bring him a dozen of the finest pearls the king had ever

seen, and could perform certain tasks that would be set him, should

have his daughter in marriage and in due time succeed to the throne. The

pearls, he thought, could only be brought by a very wealthy man, and the

tasks would require unusual talents to accomplish them.

There were plenty who tried to fulfil the terms which the king proposed.

Rich merchants and foreign princes presented themselves one after the

other, so that some days the number of them was quite annoying; but,

though they could all produce magnificent pearls, not one of them could

perform even the simplest of the tasks set them. Some turned up, too,

who were mere adventurers, and tried to deceive the old king with

imitation pearls; but he was not to be taken in so easily, and they were

soon sent about their business. At the end of several weeks the stream

of suitors began to fall off, and still there was no prospect of a

suitable son-in-law.

Now it so happened that in a little corner of the king’s dominions,

beside the sea, there lived a poor fisher, who had three sons, and their

names were Peter, Paul, and Jesper. Peter and Paul were grown men, while

Jesper was just coming to manhood.

The two elder brothers were much bigger and stronger than the youngest,

but Jesper was far the cleverest of the three, though neither Peter nor

Paul would admit this. It was a fact, however, as we shall see in the

course of our story.

One day the fisherman went out fishing, and among his catch for the day

he brought home three dozen oysters. When these were opened, every shell

was found to contain a large and beautiful pearl. Hereupon the three

brothers, at one and the same moment, fell upon the idea of offering

themselves as suitors for the princess. After some discussion, it was

agreed that the pearls should be divided by lot, and that each should

have his chance in the order of his age: of course, if the oldest was

successful the other two would be saved the trouble of trying.

Next morning Peter put his pearls in a little basket, and set off for

the king’s palace. He had not gone far on his way when he came upon the

King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles, who, with their armies

behind them, were facing each other and preparing for battle.

‘Come and help me,’ said the King of the Ants; ‘the beetles are too big

for us. I may help you some day in return.’

‘I have no time to waste on other people’s affairs,’ said Peter; ‘just

fight away as best you can;’ and with that he walked off and left them.

A little further on the way he met an old woman.

‘Good morning, young man,’ said she; ‘you are early astir. What have you

got in your basket?’

‘Cinders,’ said Peter promptly, and walked on, adding to himself, ‘Take

that for being so inquisitive.’

‘Very well, cinders be it,’ the old woman called after him, but he

pretended not to hear her.

Very soon he reached the palace, and was at once brought before the

king. When he took the cover off the basket, the king and all his

courtiers said with one voice that these were the finest pearls they

had ever seen, and they could not take their eyes off them. But then

a strange thing happened: the pearls began to lose their whiteness and

grew quite dim in colour; then they grew blacker and blacker till at

last they were just like so many cinders. Peter was so amazed that he

could say nothing for himself, but the king said quite enough for both,

and Peter was glad to get away home again as fast as his legs would

carry him. To his father and brothers, however, he gave no account of

his attempt, except that it had been a failure.

Next day Paul set out to try his luck. He soon came upon the King of the

Ants and the King of the Beetles, who with their armies had encamped on

the field of battle all night, and were ready to begin the fight again.

‘Come and help me,’ said the King of the Ants; ‘we got the worst of it

yesterday. I may help you some day in return.’

‘I don’t care though you get the worst of it to-day too,’ said Paul.

‘I have more important business on hand than mixing myself up in your

quarrels.’

So he walked on, and presently the same old woman met him. ‘Good

morning,’ said she; ‘what have YOU got in your basket?’

‘Cinders,’ said Paul, who was quite as insolent as his brother, and

quite as anxious to teach other people good manners.

‘Very well, cinders be it,’ the old woman shouted after him, but Paul

neither looked back nor answered her. He thought more of what she said,

however, after his pearls also turned to cinders before the eyes of

king and court: then he lost no time in getting home again, and was very

sulky when asked how he had succeeded.

The third day came, and with it came Jesper’s turn to try his fortune.

He got up and had his breakfast, while Peter and Paul lay in bed and

made rude remarks, telling him that he would come back quicker than

he went, for if they had failed it could not be supposed that he would

succeed. Jesper made no reply, but put his pearls in the little basket

and walked off.

The King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles were again marshalling

their hosts, but the ants were greatly reduced in numbers, and had

little hope of holding out that day.

‘Come and help us,’ said their king to Jesper, ‘or we shall be

completely defeated. I may help you some day in return.’

Now Jesper had always heard the ants spoken of as clever and industrious

little creatures, while he never heard anyone say a good word for the

beetles, so he agreed to give the wished-for help. At the first charge

he made, the ranks of the beetles broke and fled in dismay, and those

escaped best that were nearest a hole, and could get into it before

Jesper’s boots came down upon them. In a few minutes the ants had the

field all to themselves; and their king made quite an eloquent speech to

Jesper, thanking him for the service he had done them, and promising to

assist him in any difficulty.

‘Just call on me when you want me,’ he said, ‘where-ever you are. I’m

never far away from anywhere, and if I can possibly help you, I shall

not fail to do it.’

Jesper was inclined to laugh at this, but he kept a grave face, said

he would remember the offer, and walked on. At a turn of the road he

suddenly came upon the old woman. ‘Good morning,’ said she; ‘what have

YOU got in your basket?’

‘Pearls,’ said Jesper; ‘I’m going to the palace to win the princess with

them.’ And in case she might not believe him, he lifted the cover and

let her see them.

‘Beautiful,’ said the old woman; ‘very beautiful indeed; but they will

go a very little way towards winning the princess, unless you can also

perform the tasks that are set you. However,’ she said, ‘I see you have

brought something with you to eat. Won’t you give that to me: you are

sure to get a good dinner at the palace.’

‘Yes, of course,’ said Jesper, ‘I hadn’t thought of that’; and he handed

over the whole of his lunch to the old woman.

He had already taken a few steps on the way again, when the old woman

called him back.

‘Here,’ she said; ‘take this whistle in return for your lunch. It isn’t

much to look at, but if you blow it, anything that you have lost or that

has been taken from you will find its way back to you in a moment.’

Jesper thanked her for the whistle, though he did not see of what use it

was to be to him just then, and held on his way to the palace.

When Jesper presented his pearls to the king there were exclamations

of wonder and delight from everyone who saw them. It was not pleasant,

however, to discover that Jesper was a mere fisher-lad; that wasn’t the

kind of son-in-law that the king had expected, and he said so to the

queen.

‘Never mind,’ said she, ‘you can easily set him such tasks as he will

never be able to perform: we shall soon get rid of him.’

‘Yes, of course,’ said the king; ‘really I forget things nowadays, with

all the bustle we have had of late.’

That day Jesper dined with the king and queen and their nobles, and at

night was put into a bedroom grander than anything of the kind he had

ever seen. It was all so new to him that he could not sleep a wink,

especially as he was always wondering what kind of tasks would be set

him to do, and whether he would be able to perform them. In spite of the

softness of the bed, he was very glad when morning came at last.

After breakfast was over, the king said to Jesper, ‘Just come with me,

and I’ll show you what you must do first.’ He led him out to the barn,

and there in the middle of the floor was a large pile of grain. ‘Here,’

said the king, ‘you have a mixed heap of wheat, barley, oats, and rye, a

sackful of each. By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out

into four heaps, and if a single grain is found to be in a wrong heap

you have no further chance of marrying my daughter. I shall lock the

door, so that no one can get in to assist you, and I shall return at the

appointed time to see how you have succeeded.’

The king walked off, and Jesper looked in despair at the task before

him. Then he sat down and tried what he could do at it, but it was soon

very clear that single-handed he could never hope to accomplish it

in the time. Assistance was out of the question--unless, he suddenly

thought--unless the King of the Ants could help. On him he began to

call, and before many minutes had passed that royal personage made his

appearance. Jesper explained the trouble he was in.

‘Is that all?’ said the ant; ‘we shall soon put that to rights.’ He gave

the royal signal, and in a minute or two a stream of ants came pouring

into the barn, who under the king’s orders set to work to separate the

grain into the proper heaps.

Jesper watched them for a while, but through the continual movement

of the little creatures, and his not having slept during the previous

night, he soon fell sound asleep. When he woke again, the king had just

come into the barn, and was amazed to find that not only was the task

accomplished, but that Jesper had found time to take a nap as well.

‘Wonderful,’ said he; ‘I couldn’t have believed it possible. However,

the hardest is yet to come, as you will see to-morrow.’

Jesper thought so too when the next day’s task was set before him. The

king’s gamekeepers had caught a hundred live hares, which were to be let

loose in a large meadow, and there Jesper must herd them all day, and

bring them safely home in the evening: if even one were missing, he

must give up all thought of marrying the princess. Before he had quite

grasped the fact that this was an impossible task, the keepers had

opened the sacks in which the hares were brought to the field, and, with

a whisk of the short tail and a flap of the long ears, each one of the

hundred flew in a different direction.

‘Now,’ said the king, ‘as he walked away, ‘let’s see what your

cleverness can do here.’

Jesper stared round him in bewilderment, and having nothing better to do

with his hands, thrust them into his pockets, as he was in the habit of

doing. Here he found something which turned out to be the whistle given

to him by the old woman. He remembered what she had said about the

virtues of the whistle, but was rather doubtful whether its powers

would extend to a hundred hares, each of which had gone in a different

direction and might be several miles distant by this time. However, he

blew the whistle, and in a few minutes the hares came bounding through

the hedge on all the four sides of the field, and before long were all

sitting round him in a circle. After that, Jesper allowed them to run

about as they pleased, so long as they stayed in the field.

The king had told one of the keepers to hang about for a little and see

what became of Jesper, not doubting, however, that as soon as he saw the

coast clear he would use his legs to the best advantage, and never

show face at the palace again. It was therefore with great surprise and

annoyance that he now learned of the mysterious return of the hares and

the likelihood of Jesper carrying out his task with success.

‘One of them must be got out of his hands by hook or crook,’ said he.

‘I’ll go and see the queen about it; she’s good at devising plans.’

A little later, a girl in a shabby dress came into the field and walked

up to Jesper.

‘Do give me one of those hares,’ she said; ‘we have just got visitors

who are going to stay to dinner, and there’s nothing we can give them to

eat.’

‘I can’t,’ said Jesper. ‘For one thing, they’re not mine; for another, a

great deal depends on my having them all here in the evening.’

But the girl (and she was a very pretty girl, though so shabbily

dressed) begged so hard for one of them that at last he said:

‘Very well; give me a kiss and you shall have one of them.’

He could see that she didn’t quite care for this, but she consented to

the bargain, and gave him the kiss, and went away with a hare in her

apron. Scarcely had she got outside the field, however, when Jesper blew

his whistle, and immediately the hare wriggled out of its prison like an

eel, and went back to its master at the top of its speed.

Not long after this the hare-herd had another visit. This time it was a

stout old woman in the dress of a peasant, who also was after a hare to

provide a dinner for unexpected visitors. Jesper again refused, but the

old lady was so pressing, and would take no refusal, that at last he

said:

‘Very well, you shall have a hare, and pay nothing for it either, if you

will only walk round me on tiptoe, look up to the sky, and cackle like a

hen.’

‘Fie,’ said she; ‘what a ridiculous thing to ask anyone to do; just

think what the neighbours would say if they saw me. They would think I

had taken leave of my senses.’

‘Just as you like,’ said Jesper; ‘you know best whether you want the

hare or not.’

There was no help for it, and a pretty figure the old lady made in

carrying out her task; the cackling wasn’t very well done, but Jesper

said it would do, and gave her the hare. As soon as she had left the

field, the whistle was sounded again, and back came long-legs-and-ears

at a marvellous speed.

The next to appear on the same errand was a fat old fellow in the dress

of a groom: it was the royal livery he wore, and he plainly thought a

good deal of himself.

‘Young man,’ said he, ‘I want one of those hares; name your price, but I

MUST have one of them.’

‘All right,’ said Jesper; ‘you can have one at an easy rate. Just stand

on your head, whack your heels together, and cry “Hurrah,” and the hare

is yours.’

‘Eh, what!’ said the old fellow; ‘ME stand on my head, what an idea!’

‘Oh, very well,’ said Jesper, ‘you needn’t unless you like, you know;

but then you won’t get the hare.’

It went very much against the grain, one could see, but after some

efforts the old fellow had his head on the grass and his heels in the

air; the whacking and the ‘Hurrah’ were rather feeble, but Jesper was

not very exacting, and the hare was handed over. Of course, it wasn’t

long in coming back again, like the others.

Evening came, and home came Jesper with the hundred hares behind him.

Great was the wonder over all the palace, and the king and queen seemed

very much put out, but it was noticed that the princess actually smiled

to Jesper.

‘Well, well,’ said the king; ‘you have done that very well indeed.

If you are as successful with a little task which I shall give you

to-morrow we shall consider the matter settled, and you shall marry the

princess.’

Next day it was announced that the task would be performed in the great

hall of the palace, and everyone was invited to come and witness it. The

king and queen sat on their thrones, with the princess beside them, and

the lords and ladies were all round the hall. At a sign from the king,

two servants carried in a large empty tub, which they set down in the

open space before the throne, and Jesper was told to stand beside it.

‘Now,’ said the king, ‘you must tell us as many undoubted truths as will

fill that tub, or you can’t have the princess.’

‘But how are we to know when the tub is full?’ said Jesper.

‘Don’t you trouble about that,’ said the king; ‘that’s my part of the

business.’

This seemed to everybody present rather unfair, but no one liked to be

the first to say so, and Jesper had to put the best face he could on the

matter, and begin his story.

‘Yesterday,’ he said, ‘when I was herding the hares, there came to me a

girl, in a shabby dress, and begged me to give her one of them. She got

the hare, but she had to give me a kiss for it; AND THAT GIRL WAS THE

PRINCESS. Isn’t that true?’ said he, looking at her.

The princess blushed and looked very uncomfortable, but had to admit

that it was true.

‘That hasn’t filled much of the tub,’ said the king. ‘Go on again.’

‘After that,’ said Jesper, ‘a stout old woman, in a peasant’s dress,

came and begged for a hare. Before she got it, she had to walk round me

on tiptoe, turn up her eyes, and cackle like a hen; AND THAT OLD WOMAN

WAS THE QUEEN. Isn’t that true, now?’

The queen turned very red and hot, but couldn’t deny it.

‘H-m,’ said the king; ‘that is something, but the tub isn’t full yet.’

To the queen he whispered, ‘I didn’t think you would be such a fool.’

‘What did YOU do?’ she whispered in return.

‘Do you suppose I would do anything for HIM?’ said the king, and then

hurriedly ordered Jesper to go on.

‘In the next place,’ said Jesper, ‘there came a fat old fellow on the

same errand. He was very proud and dignified, but in order to get the

hare he actually stood on his head, whacked his heels together, and

cried “Hurrah”; and that old fellow was the----’

‘Stop, stop,’ shouted the king; ‘you needn’t say another word; the tub

is full.’ Then all the court applauded, and the king and queen accepted

Jesper as their son-in-law, and the princess was very well pleased, for

by this time she had quite fallen in love with him, because he was so

handsome and so clever. When the old king got time to think over it, he

was quite convinced that his kingdom would be safe in Jesper’s hands if

he looked after the people as well as he herded the hares.

(Scandinavian.)


Story DNA

Moral

Kindness, cleverness, and humility are more valuable than wealth or brute strength, and often lead to greater rewards.

Plot Summary

A king seeks a clever suitor for his daughter, setting a challenge involving rare pearls and impossible tasks. Three fisherman brothers find magical pearls, but the two elder, arrogant brothers fail due to their unkindness, their pearls turning to cinders. The youngest, Jesper, shows kindness to a King of Ants and an old woman, receiving magical aids. He successfully herds 100 wild hares, outsmarting the disguised royal family who try to steal one. For his final task, Jesper must fill a tub with 'undoubted truths,' which he does by revealing the royal family's embarrassing attempts to cheat him. Impressed by his wit and honesty, the king accepts Jesper as his son-in-law, and Jesper marries the princess, inheriting the kingdom.

Themes

cleverness over strengthkindness and reciprocityhumility vs. arrogancetrue worth

Emotional Arc

underestimation to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, direct address to reader (e.g., 'as we shall see'), repetition of character types (brothers, royal family)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person
Ending: happy
Magic: magical pearls that turn to cinders, talking animals (King of the Ants), magic whistle, magic purse, transformation of objects (pearls to cinders)
the pearls (representing initial worth/opportunity)the hares (representing an impossible, chaotic task)the tub of truths (representing honesty and cleverness)

Cultural Context

Origin: Scandinavian
Era: timeless fairy tale

Fairy tales often reflect societal values, where wit and kindness could elevate one's status, contrasting with the established hierarchy of wealth and birth.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A king, worried about his succession, announces a challenge: a suitor must bring fine pearls and complete tasks to marry his daughter.
  2. Many wealthy suitors fail the tasks, and some try to cheat with fake pearls.
  3. Three sons of a poor fisherman, Peter, Paul, and Jesper, find magical pearls in oysters.
  4. Peter, the eldest, sets out first, refusing to help the King of the Ants and being rude to an old woman; his pearls turn to cinders at the palace.
  5. Paul, the middle brother, repeats Peter's mistakes and also fails, his pearls turning to cinders.
  6. Jesper, the youngest, helps the King of the Ants, receiving a promise of future aid, and is kind to the old woman, receiving a magic whistle and a magic purse.
  7. Jesper's pearls are accepted by the king, and he is given the first task: to herd 100 wild hares all day and bring them back safely.
  8. Jesper uses the magic whistle to gather the scattered hares and keep them in the field.
  9. The king, queen, and princess, disguised, attempt to trick Jesper into giving them a hare, but Jesper outsmarts them, making them perform silly acts and retrieving the hares with his whistle.
  10. Jesper successfully returns all 100 hares, surprising the king.
  11. For the final task, Jesper must fill a tub with 'undoubted truths'.
  12. Jesper reveals the princess's, queen's, and king's embarrassing actions during the hare-herding task, proving his truths.
  13. The king, realizing the tub is full and impressed by Jesper's wit, accepts him.
  14. Jesper marries the princess, who has grown to love him, and is set to inherit the kingdom.

Characters

👤

Jesper

human young adult male

Not explicitly described, but implied to be of average build or smaller compared to his brothers.

Attire: Simple peasant clothing, suitable for a fisherman's son.

Herding a hundred hares with a whistle.

Clever, resourceful, quick-witted, not easily intimidated.

👤

The King

human elderly male

Not explicitly described, but implied to be old and concerned about his legacy.

Attire: Royal robes and crown, signifying his status.

Sitting on his throne, looking perplexed by Jesper's truths.

Anxious, proud, easily outsmarted, ultimately fair.

👤

The Princess

human young adult female

Not explicitly described, but implied to be beautiful.

Attire: Elegant princess gown appropriate for the period.

Blushing while admitting to kissing Jesper.

Initially reserved, eventually falls in love with Jesper's cleverness and handsomeness.

👤

The Queen

human adult female

Stout, implying middle-aged or older.

Attire: Royal gown, but also a peasant's dress for her disguise.

Cackling like a hen while walking on tiptoe.

Proud, easily tricked, concerned with appearances.

👤

Peter

human adult male

Bigger and stronger than Jesper.

Attire: Simple peasant clothing.

Returning home with a basket of cinders.

Arrogant, rude, unsuccessful.

👤

Paul

human adult male

Bigger and stronger than Jesper.

Attire: Simple peasant clothing.

Returning home sulky after his failure.

Arrogant, rude, unsuccessful.

Locations

King's Palace Roof

outdoor

The roof of the palace, high enough to see the entire kingdom from sunrise to sunset.

Mood: proud, overseeing

The king surveys his kingdom and worries about finding a suitable heir.

palace roof kingdom view sunrise sunset

Road to the Palace

transitional morning

A road leading from the fisher's home by the sea to the king's palace.

Mood: chance encounter, fateful

Peter, Paul, and Jesper each encounter the King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles, and the old woman.

road ants beetles old woman basket

Hare Herding Field

outdoor

A field where Jesper herds a hundred hares.

Mood: humorous, testing

Jesper is tested by the princess, queen, and king in disguise.

hares field whistle

Great Hall of the Palace

indoor day

A large hall with thrones for the king and queen, and space for the court and a large empty tub.

Mood: tense, revealing

Jesper reveals the truths about the princess, queen, and king, winning the princess's hand.

thrones courtiers empty tub