Jesper Who Herded the Hares
by Andrew Lang · from The Violet Fairy Book
Original Story
JESPER WHO HERDED THE HARES
There was once a king who ruled over a kingdom somewhere between sunrise
and sunset. It was as small as kingdoms usually were in old times, and
when the king went up to the roof of his palace and took a look round
he could see to the ends of it in every direction. But as it was all his
own, he was very proud of it, and often wondered how it would get along
without him. He had only one child, and that was a daughter, so he
foresaw that she must be provided with a husband who would be fit to be
king after him. Where to find one rich enough and clever enough to be
a suitable match for the princess was what troubled him, and often kept
him awake at night.
At last he devised a plan. He made a proclamation over all his kingdom
(and asked his nearest neighbours to publish it in theirs as well) that
whoever could bring him a dozen of the finest pearls the king had ever
seen, and could perform certain tasks that would be set him, should
have his daughter in marriage and in due time succeed to the throne. The
pearls, he thought, could only be brought by a very wealthy man, and the
tasks would require unusual talents to accomplish them.
There were plenty who tried to fulfil the terms which the king proposed.
Rich merchants and foreign princes presented themselves one after the
other, so that some days the number of them was quite annoying; but,
though they could all produce magnificent pearls, not one of them could
perform even the simplest of the tasks set them. Some turned up, too,
who were mere adventurers, and tried to deceive the old king with
imitation pearls; but he was not to be taken in so easily, and they were
soon sent about their business. At the end of several weeks the stream
of suitors began to fall off, and still there was no prospect of a
suitable son-in-law.
Now it so happened that in a little corner of the king’s dominions,
beside the sea, there lived a poor fisher, who had three sons, and their
names were Peter, Paul, and Jesper. Peter and Paul were grown men, while
Jesper was just coming to manhood.
The two elder brothers were much bigger and stronger than the youngest,
but Jesper was far the cleverest of the three, though neither Peter nor
Paul would admit this. It was a fact, however, as we shall see in the
course of our story.
One day the fisherman went out fishing, and among his catch for the day
he brought home three dozen oysters. When these were opened, every shell
was found to contain a large and beautiful pearl. Hereupon the three
brothers, at one and the same moment, fell upon the idea of offering
themselves as suitors for the princess. After some discussion, it was
agreed that the pearls should be divided by lot, and that each should
have his chance in the order of his age: of course, if the oldest was
successful the other two would be saved the trouble of trying.
Next morning Peter put his pearls in a little basket, and set off for
the king’s palace. He had not gone far on his way when he came upon the
King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles, who, with their armies
behind them, were facing each other and preparing for battle.
‘Come and help me,’ said the King of the Ants; ‘the beetles are too big
for us. I may help you some day in return.’
‘I have no time to waste on other people’s affairs,’ said Peter; ‘just
fight away as best you can;’ and with that he walked off and left them.
A little further on the way he met an old woman.
‘Good morning, young man,’ said she; ‘you are early astir. What have you
got in your basket?’
‘Cinders,’ said Peter promptly, and walked on, adding to himself, ‘Take
that for being so inquisitive.’
‘Very well, cinders be it,’ the old woman called after him, but he
pretended not to hear her.
Very soon he reached the palace, and was at once brought before the
king. When he took the cover off the basket, the king and all his
courtiers said with one voice that these were the finest pearls they
had ever seen, and they could not take their eyes off them. But then
a strange thing happened: the pearls began to lose their whiteness and
grew quite dim in colour; then they grew blacker and blacker till at
last they were just like so many cinders. Peter was so amazed that he
could say nothing for himself, but the king said quite enough for both,
and Peter was glad to get away home again as fast as his legs would
carry him. To his father and brothers, however, he gave no account of
his attempt, except that it had been a failure.
Next day Paul set out to try his luck. He soon came upon the King of the
Ants and the King of the Beetles, who with their armies had encamped on
the field of battle all night, and were ready to begin the fight again.
‘Come and help me,’ said the King of the Ants; ‘we got the worst of it
yesterday. I may help you some day in return.’
‘I don’t care though you get the worst of it to-day too,’ said Paul.
‘I have more important business on hand than mixing myself up in your
quarrels.’
So he walked on, and presently the same old woman met him. ‘Good
morning,’ said she; ‘what have YOU got in your basket?’
‘Cinders,’ said Paul, who was quite as insolent as his brother, and
quite as anxious to teach other people good manners.
‘Very well, cinders be it,’ the old woman shouted after him, but Paul
neither looked back nor answered her. He thought more of what she said,
however, after his pearls also turned to cinders before the eyes of
king and court: then he lost no time in getting home again, and was very
sulky when asked how he had succeeded.
The third day came, and with it came Jesper’s turn to try his fortune.
He got up and had his breakfast, while Peter and Paul lay in bed and
made rude remarks, telling him that he would come back quicker than
he went, for if they had failed it could not be supposed that he would
succeed. Jesper made no reply, but put his pearls in the little basket
and walked off.
The King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles were again marshalling
their hosts, but the ants were greatly reduced in numbers, and had
little hope of holding out that day.
‘Come and help us,’ said their king to Jesper, ‘or we shall be
completely defeated. I may help you some day in return.’
Now Jesper had always heard the ants spoken of as clever and industrious
little creatures, while he never heard anyone say a good word for the
beetles, so he agreed to give the wished-for help. At the first charge
he made, the ranks of the beetles broke and fled in dismay, and those
escaped best that were nearest a hole, and could get into it before
Jesper’s boots came down upon them. In a few minutes the ants had the
field all to themselves; and their king made quite an eloquent speech to
Jesper, thanking him for the service he had done them, and promising to
assist him in any difficulty.
‘Just call on me when you want me,’ he said, ‘where-ever you are. I’m
never far away from anywhere, and if I can possibly help you, I shall
not fail to do it.’
Jesper was inclined to laugh at this, but he kept a grave face, said
he would remember the offer, and walked on. At a turn of the road he
suddenly came upon the old woman. ‘Good morning,’ said she; ‘what have
YOU got in your basket?’
‘Pearls,’ said Jesper; ‘I’m going to the palace to win the princess with
them.’ And in case she might not believe him, he lifted the cover and
let her see them.
‘Beautiful,’ said the old woman; ‘very beautiful indeed; but they will
go a very little way towards winning the princess, unless you can also
perform the tasks that are set you. However,’ she said, ‘I see you have
brought something with you to eat. Won’t you give that to me: you are
sure to get a good dinner at the palace.’
‘Yes, of course,’ said Jesper, ‘I hadn’t thought of that’; and he handed
over the whole of his lunch to the old woman.
He had already taken a few steps on the way again, when the old woman
called him back.
‘Here,’ she said; ‘take this whistle in return for your lunch. It isn’t
much to look at, but if you blow it, anything that you have lost or that
has been taken from you will find its way back to you in a moment.’
Jesper thanked her for the whistle, though he did not see of what use it
was to be to him just then, and held on his way to the palace.
When Jesper presented his pearls to the king there were exclamations
of wonder and delight from everyone who saw them. It was not pleasant,
however, to discover that Jesper was a mere fisher-lad; that wasn’t the
kind of son-in-law that the king had expected, and he said so to the
queen.
‘Never mind,’ said she, ‘you can easily set him such tasks as he will
never be able to perform: we shall soon get rid of him.’
‘Yes, of course,’ said the king; ‘really I forget things nowadays, with
all the bustle we have had of late.’
That day Jesper dined with the king and queen and their nobles, and at
night was put into a bedroom grander than anything of the kind he had
ever seen. It was all so new to him that he could not sleep a wink,
especially as he was always wondering what kind of tasks would be set
him to do, and whether he would be able to perform them. In spite of the
softness of the bed, he was very glad when morning came at last.
After breakfast was over, the king said to Jesper, ‘Just come with me,
and I’ll show you what you must do first.’ He led him out to the barn,
and there in the middle of the floor was a large pile of grain. ‘Here,’
said the king, ‘you have a mixed heap of wheat, barley, oats, and rye, a
sackful of each. By an hour before sunset you must have these sorted out
into four heaps, and if a single grain is found to be in a wrong heap
you have no further chance of marrying my daughter. I shall lock the
door, so that no one can get in to assist you, and I shall return at the
appointed time to see how you have succeeded.’
The king walked off, and Jesper looked in despair at the task before
him. Then he sat down and tried what he could do at it, but it was soon
very clear that single-handed he could never hope to accomplish it
in the time. Assistance was out of the question--unless, he suddenly
thought--unless the King of the Ants could help. On him he began to
call, and before many minutes had passed that royal personage made his
appearance. Jesper explained the trouble he was in.
‘Is that all?’ said the ant; ‘we shall soon put that to rights.’ He gave
the royal signal, and in a minute or two a stream of ants came pouring
into the barn, who under the king’s orders set to work to separate the
grain into the proper heaps.
Jesper watched them for a while, but through the continual movement
of the little creatures, and his not having slept during the previous
night, he soon fell sound asleep. When he woke again, the king had just
come into the barn, and was amazed to find that not only was the task
accomplished, but that Jesper had found time to take a nap as well.
‘Wonderful,’ said he; ‘I couldn’t have believed it possible. However,
the hardest is yet to come, as you will see to-morrow.’
Jesper thought so too when the next day’s task was set before him. The
king’s gamekeepers had caught a hundred live hares, which were to be let
loose in a large meadow, and there Jesper must herd them all day, and
bring them safely home in the evening: if even one were missing, he
must give up all thought of marrying the princess. Before he had quite
grasped the fact that this was an impossible task, the keepers had
opened the sacks in which the hares were brought to the field, and, with
a whisk of the short tail and a flap of the long ears, each one of the
hundred flew in a different direction.
‘Now,’ said the king, ‘as he walked away, ‘let’s see what your
cleverness can do here.’
Jesper stared round him in bewilderment, and having nothing better to do
with his hands, thrust them into his pockets, as he was in the habit of
doing. Here he found something which turned out to be the whistle given
to him by the old woman. He remembered what she had said about the
virtues of the whistle, but was rather doubtful whether its powers
would extend to a hundred hares, each of which had gone in a different
direction and might be several miles distant by this time. However, he
blew the whistle, and in a few minutes the hares came bounding through
the hedge on all the four sides of the field, and before long were all
sitting round him in a circle. After that, Jesper allowed them to run
about as they pleased, so long as they stayed in the field.
The king had told one of the keepers to hang about for a little and see
what became of Jesper, not doubting, however, that as soon as he saw the
coast clear he would use his legs to the best advantage, and never
show face at the palace again. It was therefore with great surprise and
annoyance that he now learned of the mysterious return of the hares and
the likelihood of Jesper carrying out his task with success.
‘One of them must be got out of his hands by hook or crook,’ said he.
‘I’ll go and see the queen about it; she’s good at devising plans.’
A little later, a girl in a shabby dress came into the field and walked
up to Jesper.
‘Do give me one of those hares,’ she said; ‘we have just got visitors
who are going to stay to dinner, and there’s nothing we can give them to
eat.’
‘I can’t,’ said Jesper. ‘For one thing, they’re not mine; for another, a
great deal depends on my having them all here in the evening.’
But the girl (and she was a very pretty girl, though so shabbily
dressed) begged so hard for one of them that at last he said:
‘Very well; give me a kiss and you shall have one of them.’
He could see that she didn’t quite care for this, but she consented to
the bargain, and gave him the kiss, and went away with a hare in her
apron. Scarcely had she got outside the field, however, when Jesper blew
his whistle, and immediately the hare wriggled out of its prison like an
eel, and went back to its master at the top of its speed.
Not long after this the hare-herd had another visit. This time it was a
stout old woman in the dress of a peasant, who also was after a hare to
provide a dinner for unexpected visitors. Jesper again refused, but the
old lady was so pressing, and would take no refusal, that at last he
said:
‘Very well, you shall have a hare, and pay nothing for it either, if you
will only walk round me on tiptoe, look up to the sky, and cackle like a
hen.’
‘Fie,’ said she; ‘what a ridiculous thing to ask anyone to do; just
think what the neighbours would say if they saw me. They would think I
had taken leave of my senses.’
‘Just as you like,’ said Jesper; ‘you know best whether you want the
hare or not.’
There was no help for it, and a pretty figure the old lady made in
carrying out her task; the cackling wasn’t very well done, but Jesper
said it would do, and gave her the hare. As soon as she had left the
field, the whistle was sounded again, and back came long-legs-and-ears
at a marvellous speed.
The next to appear on the same errand was a fat old fellow in the dress
of a groom: it was the royal livery he wore, and he plainly thought a
good deal of himself.
‘Young man,’ said he, ‘I want one of those hares; name your price, but I
MUST have one of them.’
‘All right,’ said Jesper; ‘you can have one at an easy rate. Just stand
on your head, whack your heels together, and cry “Hurrah,” and the hare
is yours.’
‘Eh, what!’ said the old fellow; ‘ME stand on my head, what an idea!’
‘Oh, very well,’ said Jesper, ‘you needn’t unless you like, you know;
but then you won’t get the hare.’
It went very much against the grain, one could see, but after some
efforts the old fellow had his head on the grass and his heels in the
air; the whacking and the ‘Hurrah’ were rather feeble, but Jesper was
not very exacting, and the hare was handed over. Of course, it wasn’t
long in coming back again, like the others.
Evening came, and home came Jesper with the hundred hares behind him.
Great was the wonder over all the palace, and the king and queen seemed
very much put out, but it was noticed that the princess actually smiled
to Jesper.
‘Well, well,’ said the king; ‘you have done that very well indeed.
If you are as successful with a little task which I shall give you
to-morrow we shall consider the matter settled, and you shall marry the
princess.’
Next day it was announced that the task would be performed in the great
hall of the palace, and everyone was invited to come and witness it. The
king and queen sat on their thrones, with the princess beside them, and
the lords and ladies were all round the hall. At a sign from the king,
two servants carried in a large empty tub, which they set down in the
open space before the throne, and Jesper was told to stand beside it.
‘Now,’ said the king, ‘you must tell us as many undoubted truths as will
fill that tub, or you can’t have the princess.’
‘But how are we to know when the tub is full?’ said Jesper.
‘Don’t you trouble about that,’ said the king; ‘that’s my part of the
business.’
This seemed to everybody present rather unfair, but no one liked to be
the first to say so, and Jesper had to put the best face he could on the
matter, and begin his story.
‘Yesterday,’ he said, ‘when I was herding the hares, there came to me a
girl, in a shabby dress, and begged me to give her one of them. She got
the hare, but she had to give me a kiss for it; AND THAT GIRL WAS THE
PRINCESS. Isn’t that true?’ said he, looking at her.
The princess blushed and looked very uncomfortable, but had to admit
that it was true.
‘That hasn’t filled much of the tub,’ said the king. ‘Go on again.’
‘After that,’ said Jesper, ‘a stout old woman, in a peasant’s dress,
came and begged for a hare. Before she got it, she had to walk round me
on tiptoe, turn up her eyes, and cackle like a hen; AND THAT OLD WOMAN
WAS THE QUEEN. Isn’t that true, now?’
The queen turned very red and hot, but couldn’t deny it.
‘H-m,’ said the king; ‘that is something, but the tub isn’t full yet.’
To the queen he whispered, ‘I didn’t think you would be such a fool.’
‘What did YOU do?’ she whispered in return.
‘Do you suppose I would do anything for HIM?’ said the king, and then
hurriedly ordered Jesper to go on.
‘In the next place,’ said Jesper, ‘there came a fat old fellow on the
same errand. He was very proud and dignified, but in order to get the
hare he actually stood on his head, whacked his heels together, and
cried “Hurrah”; and that old fellow was the----’
‘Stop, stop,’ shouted the king; ‘you needn’t say another word; the tub
is full.’ Then all the court applauded, and the king and queen accepted
Jesper as their son-in-law, and the princess was very well pleased, for
by this time she had quite fallen in love with him, because he was so
handsome and so clever. When the old king got time to think over it, he
was quite convinced that his kingdom would be safe in Jesper’s hands if
he looked after the people as well as he herded the hares.
(Scandinavian.)
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness, cleverness, and humility are more valuable than wealth or brute strength, and often lead to greater rewards.
Plot Summary
A king seeks a clever suitor for his daughter, setting a challenge involving rare pearls and impossible tasks. Three fisherman brothers find magical pearls, but the two elder, arrogant brothers fail due to their unkindness, their pearls turning to cinders. The youngest, Jesper, shows kindness to a King of Ants and an old woman, receiving magical aids. He successfully herds 100 wild hares, outsmarting the disguised royal family who try to steal one. For his final task, Jesper must fill a tub with 'undoubted truths,' which he does by revealing the royal family's embarrassing attempts to cheat him. Impressed by his wit and honesty, the king accepts Jesper as his son-in-law, and Jesper marries the princess, inheriting the kingdom.
Themes
Emotional Arc
underestimation to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Fairy tales often reflect societal values, where wit and kindness could elevate one's status, contrasting with the established hierarchy of wealth and birth.
Plot Beats (14)
- A king, worried about his succession, announces a challenge: a suitor must bring fine pearls and complete tasks to marry his daughter.
- Many wealthy suitors fail the tasks, and some try to cheat with fake pearls.
- Three sons of a poor fisherman, Peter, Paul, and Jesper, find magical pearls in oysters.
- Peter, the eldest, sets out first, refusing to help the King of the Ants and being rude to an old woman; his pearls turn to cinders at the palace.
- Paul, the middle brother, repeats Peter's mistakes and also fails, his pearls turning to cinders.
- Jesper, the youngest, helps the King of the Ants, receiving a promise of future aid, and is kind to the old woman, receiving a magic whistle and a magic purse.
- Jesper's pearls are accepted by the king, and he is given the first task: to herd 100 wild hares all day and bring them back safely.
- Jesper uses the magic whistle to gather the scattered hares and keep them in the field.
- The king, queen, and princess, disguised, attempt to trick Jesper into giving them a hare, but Jesper outsmarts them, making them perform silly acts and retrieving the hares with his whistle.
- Jesper successfully returns all 100 hares, surprising the king.
- For the final task, Jesper must fill a tub with 'undoubted truths'.
- Jesper reveals the princess's, queen's, and king's embarrassing actions during the hare-herding task, proving his truths.
- The king, realizing the tub is full and impressed by Jesper's wit, accepts him.
- Jesper marries the princess, who has grown to love him, and is set to inherit the kingdom.
Characters
Jesper
Not explicitly described, but implied to be of average build or smaller compared to his brothers.
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, suitable for a fisherman's son.
Clever, resourceful, quick-witted, not easily intimidated.
The King
Not explicitly described, but implied to be old and concerned about his legacy.
Attire: Royal robes and crown, signifying his status.
Anxious, proud, easily outsmarted, ultimately fair.
The Princess
Not explicitly described, but implied to be beautiful.
Attire: Elegant princess gown appropriate for the period.
Initially reserved, eventually falls in love with Jesper's cleverness and handsomeness.
The Queen
Stout, implying middle-aged or older.
Attire: Royal gown, but also a peasant's dress for her disguise.
Proud, easily tricked, concerned with appearances.
Peter
Bigger and stronger than Jesper.
Attire: Simple peasant clothing.
Arrogant, rude, unsuccessful.
Paul
Bigger and stronger than Jesper.
Attire: Simple peasant clothing.
Arrogant, rude, unsuccessful.
Locations
King's Palace Roof
The roof of the palace, high enough to see the entire kingdom from sunrise to sunset.
Mood: proud, overseeing
The king surveys his kingdom and worries about finding a suitable heir.
Road to the Palace
A road leading from the fisher's home by the sea to the king's palace.
Mood: chance encounter, fateful
Peter, Paul, and Jesper each encounter the King of the Ants and the King of the Beetles, and the old woman.
Hare Herding Field
A field where Jesper herds a hundred hares.
Mood: humorous, testing
Jesper is tested by the princess, queen, and king in disguise.
Great Hall of the Palace
A large hall with thrones for the king and queen, and space for the court and a large empty tub.
Mood: tense, revealing
Jesper reveals the truths about the princess, queen, and king, winning the princess's hand.