Stan Bolovan
by Andrew Lang · from The Violet Fairy Book
Original Story
STAN BOLOVAN
Once upon a time what happened did happen, and if it had not happened
this story would never have been told.
On the outskirts of a village just where the oxen were turned out to
pasture, and the pigs roamed about burrowing with their noses among the
roots of the trees, there stood a small house. In the house lived a man
who had a wife, and the wife was sad all day long.
‘Dear wife, what is wrong with you that you hang your head like a
drooping rosebud?’ asked her husband one morning. ‘You have everything
you want; why cannot you be merry like other women?’
‘Leave me alone, and do not seek to know the reason,’ replied she,
bursting into tears, and the man thought that it was no time to question
her, and went away to his work.
He could not, however, forget all about it, and a few days after he
inquired again the reason of her sadness, but only got the same reply.
At length he felt he could bear it no longer, and tried a third time,
and then his wife turned and answered him.
‘Good gracious!’ cried she, ‘why cannot you let things be as they are?
If I were to tell you, you would become just as wretched as myself. If
you would only believe, it is far better for you to know nothing.’
But no man yet was ever content with such an answer. The more you beg
him not to inquire, the greater is his curiosity to learn the whole.
‘Well, if you MUST know,’ said the wife at last, ‘I will tell you. There
is no luck in this house--no luck at all!’
‘Is not your cow the best milker in all the village? Are not your trees
as full of fruit as your hives are full of bees? Has anyone cornfields
like ours? Really you talk nonsense when you say things like that!’
‘Yes, all that you say is true, but we have no children.’
Then Stan understood, and when a man once understands and has his eyes
opened it is no longer well with him. From that day the little house in
the outskirts contained an unhappy man as well as an unhappy woman. And
at the sight of her husband’s misery the woman became more wretched than
ever.
And so matters went on for some time.
Some weeks had passed, and Stan thought he would consult a wise man
who lived a day’s journey from his own house. The wise man was sitting
before his door when he came up, and Stan fell on his knees before him.
‘Give me children, my lord, give me children.’
‘Take care what you are asking,’ replied the wise man. ‘Will not
children be a burden to you? Are you rich enough to feed and clothe
them?’
‘Only give them to me, my lord, and I will manage somehow!’ and at a
sign from the wise man Stan went his way.
He reached home that evening tired and dusty, but with hope in his
heart. As he drew near his house a sound of voices struck upon his ear,
and he looked up to see the whole place full of children. Children
in the garden, children in the yard, children looking out of every
window--it seemed to the man as if all the children in the world must be
gathered there. And none was bigger than the other, but each was smaller
than the other, and every one was more noisy and more impudent and more
daring than the rest, and Stan gazed and grew cold with horror as he
realised that they all belonged to him.
‘Good gracious! how many there are! how many!’ he muttered to himself.
‘Oh, but not one too many,’ smiled his wife, coming up with a crowd more
children clinging to her skirts.
But even she found that it was not so easy to look after a hundred
children, and when a few days had passed and they had eaten up all the
food there was in the house, they began to cry, ‘Father! I am hungry--I
am hungry,’ till Stan scratched his head and wondered what he was to do
next. It was not that he thought there were too many children, for his
life had seemed more full of joy since they appeared, but now it came to
the point he did not know how he was to feed them. The cow had ceased to
give milk, and it was too early for the fruit trees to ripen.
‘Do you know, old woman!’ said he one day to his wife, ‘I must go out
into the world and try to bring back food somehow, though I cannot tell
where it is to come from.’
To the hungry man any road is long, and then there was always the
thought that he had to satisfy a hundred greedy children as well as
himself.
Stan wandered, and wandered, and wandered, till he reached to the end of
the world, where that which is, is mingled with that which is not, and
there he saw, a little way off, a sheepfold, with seven sheep in it. In
the shadow of some trees lay the rest of the flock.
Stan crept up, hoping that he might manage to decoy some of them away
quietly, and drive them home for food for his family, but he soon found
this could not be. For at midnight he heard a rushing noise, and through
the air flew a dragon, who drove apart a ram, a sheep, and a lamb, and
three fine cattle that were lying down close by. And besides these he
took the milk of seventy-seven sheep, and carried it home to his old
mother, that she might bathe in it and grow young again. And this
happened every night.
The shepherd bewailed himself in vain: the dragon only laughed, and Stan
saw that this was not the place to get food for his family.
But though he quite understood that it was almost hopeless to fight
against such a powerful monster, yet the thought of the hungry children
at home clung to him like a burr, and would not be shaken off, and at
last he said to the shepherd, ‘What will you give me if I rid you of the
dragon?’
‘One of every three rams, one of every three sheep, one of every three
lambs,’ answered the herd.
‘It is a bargain,’ replied Stan, though at the moment he did not know
how, supposing he DID come off the victor, he would ever be able to
drive so large a flock home.
However, that matter could be settled later. At present night was not
far off, and he must consider how best to fight with the dragon.
Just at midnight, a horrible feeling that was new and strange to him
came over Stan--a feeling that he could not put into words even to
himself, but which almost forced him to give up the battle and take
the shortest road home again. He half turned; then he remembered the
children, and turned back.
‘You or I,’ said Stan to himself, and took up his position on the edge
of the flock.
‘Stop!’ he suddenly cried, as the air was filled with a rushing noise,
and the dragon came dashing past.
‘Dear me!’ exclaimed the dragon, looking round. ‘Who are you, and where
do you come from?’
‘I am Stan Bolovan, who eats rocks all night, and in the day feeds on
the flowers of the mountain; and if you meddle with those sheep I will
carve a cross on your back.’
When the dragon heard these words he stood quite still in the middle of
the road, for he knew he had met with his match.
‘But you will have to fight me first,’ he said in a trembling voice, for
when you faced him properly he was not brave at all.
‘I fight you?’ replied Stan, ‘why I could slay you with one breath!’
Then, stooping to pick up a large cheese which lay at his feet, he
added, ‘Go and get a stone like this out of the river, so that we may
lose no time in seeing who is the best man.’
The dragon did as Stan bade him, and brought back a stone out of the
brook.
‘Can you get buttermilk out of your stone?’ asked Stan.
The dragon picked up his stone with one hand, and squeezed it till it
fell into powder, but no buttermilk flowed from it. ‘Of course I can’t!’
he said, half angrily.
‘Well, if you can’t, I can,’ answered Stan, and he pressed the cheese
till buttermilk flowed through his fingers.
When the dragon saw that, he thought it was time he made the best of his
way home again, but Stan stood in his path.
‘We have still some accounts to settle,’ said he, ‘about what you have
been doing here,’ and the poor dragon was too frightened to stir, lest
Stan should slay him at one breath and bury him among the flowers in the
mountain pastures.
‘Listen to me,’ he said at last. ‘I see you are a very useful person,
and my mother has need of a fellow like you. Suppose you enter her
service for three days, which are as long as one of your years, and she
will pay you each day seven sacks full of ducats.’
Three times seven sacks full of ducats! The offer was very tempting,
and Stan could not resist it. He did not waste words, but nodded to the
dragon, and they started along the road.
It was a long, long way, but when they came to the end they found the
dragon’s mother, who was as old as time itself, expecting them. Stan saw
her eyes shining like lamps from afar, and when they entered the house
they beheld a huge kettle standing on the fire, filled with milk. When
the old mother found that her son had arrived empty-handed she grew very
angry, and fire and flame darted from her nostrils, but before she could
speak the dragon turned to Stan.
‘Stay here,’ said he, ‘and wait for me; I am going to explain things to
my mother.’
Stan was already repenting bitterly that he had ever come to such a
place, but, since he was there, there was nothing for it but to take
everything quietly, and not show that he was afraid.
‘Listen, mother,’ said the dragon as soon as they were alone, ‘I have
brought this man in order to get rid of him. He is a terrific fellow who
eats rocks, and can press buttermilk out of a stone,’ and he told her
all that had happened the night before.
‘Oh, just leave him to me!’ she said. ‘I have never yet let a man slip
through my fingers.’ So Stan had to stay and do the old mother service.
The next day she told him that he and her son should try which was the
strongest, and she took down a huge club, bound seven times with iron.
The dragon picked it up as if it had been a feather, and, after whirling
it round his head, flung it lightly three miles away, telling Stan to
beat that if he could.
They walked to the spot where the club lay. Stan stooped and felt
it; then a great fear came over him, for he knew that he and all his
children together would never lift that club from the ground.
‘What are you doing?’ asked the dragon.
‘I was thinking what a beautiful club it was, and what a pity it is that
it should cause your death.’
‘How do you mean--my death?’ asked the dragon.
‘Only that I am afraid that if I throw it you will never see another
dawn. You don’t know how strong I am!’
‘Oh, never mind that be quick and throw.’
‘If you are really in earnest, let us go and feast for three days: that
will at any rate give you three extra days of life.’
Stan spoke so calmly that this time the dragon began to get a little
frightened, though he did not quite believe that things would be as bad
as Stan said.
They returned to the house, took all the food that could be found in the
old mother’s larder, and carried it back to the place where the club was
lying. Then Stan seated himself on the sack of provisions, and remained
quietly watching the setting moon.
‘What are you doing?’ asked the dragon.
‘Waiting till the moon gets out of my way.’
‘What do you mean? I don’t understand.’
‘Don’t you see that the moon is exactly in my way? But of course, if you
like, I will throw the club into the moon.’
At these words the dragon grew uncomfortable for the second time.
He prized the club, which had been left him by his grandfather, very
highly, and had no desire that it should be lost in the moon.
‘I’ll tell you what,’ he said, after thinking a little. ‘Don’t throw
the club at all. I will throw it a second time, and that will do just as
well.’
‘No, certainly not!’ replied Stan. ‘Just wait till the moon sets.’
But the dragon, in dread lest Stan should fulfil his threats, tried
what bribes could do, and in the end had to promise Stan seven sacks of
ducats before he was suffered to throw back the club himself.
‘Oh, dear me, that is indeed a strong man,’ said the dragon, turning to
his mother. ‘Would you believe that I have had the greatest difficulty
in preventing him from throwing the club into the moon?’
Then the old woman grew uncomfortable too! Only to think of it! It was
no joke to throw things into the moon! So no more was heard of the club,
and the next day they had all something else to think about.
‘Go and fetch me water!’ said the mother, when the morning broke, and
gave them twelve buffalo skins with the order to keep filling them till
night.
They set out at once for the brook, and in the twinkling of an eye the
dragon had filled the whole twelve, carried them into the house, and
brought them back to Stan. Stan was tired: he could scarcely lift the
buckets when they were empty, and he shuddered to think of what would
happen when they were full. But he only took an old knife out of his
pocket and began to scratch up the earth near the brook.
‘What are you doing there? How are you going to carry the water into the
house?’ asked the dragon.
‘How? Dear me, that is easy enough! I shall just take the brook!’
At these words the dragon’s jaw dropped. This was the last thing that
had ever entered his head, for the brook had been as it was since the
days of his grandfather.
‘I’ll tell you what!’ he said. ‘Let me carry your skins for you.’
‘Most certainly not,’ answered Stan, going on with his digging, and the
dragon, in dread lest he should fulfil his threat, tried what bribes
would do, and in the end had again to promise seven sacks of ducats
before Stan would agree to leave the brook alone and let him carry the
water into the house.
On the third day the old mother sent Stan into the forest for wood, and,
as usual, the dragon went with him.
Before you could count three he had pulled up more trees than Stan could
have cut down in a lifetime, and had arranged them neatly in rows. When
the dragon had finished, Stan began to look about him, and, choosing the
biggest of the trees, he climbed up it, and, breaking off a long rope of
wild vine, bound the top of the tree to the one next it. And so he did
to a whole line of trees.
‘What are you doing there?’ asked the dragon.
‘You can see for yourself,’ answered Stan, going quietly on with his
work.
‘Why are you tying the trees together?’
‘Not to give myself unnecessary work; when I pull up one, all the others
will come up too.’
‘But how will you carry them home?’
‘Dear me! don’t you understand that I am going to take the whole forest
back with me?’ said Stan, tying two other trees as he spoke.
‘I’ll tell you what,’ cried the dragon, trembling with fear at the
thought of such a thing; ‘let me carry the wood for you, and you shall
have seven times seven sacks full of ducats.’
‘You are a good fellow, and I agree to your proposal,’ answered Stan,
and the dragon carried the wood.
Now the three days’ service which were to be reckoned as a year were
over, and the only thing that disturbed Stan was, how to get all those
ducats back to his home!
In the evening the dragon and his mother had a long talk, but Stan heard
every word through a crack in the ceiling.
‘Woe be to us, mother,’ said the dragon; ‘this man will soon get us into
his power. Give him his money, and let us be rid of him.’
But the old mother was fond of money, and did not like this.
‘Listen to me,’ said she; ‘you must murder him this very night.’
‘I am afraid,’ answered he.
‘There is nothing to fear,’ replied the old mother. ‘When he is asleep
take the club, and hit him on the head with it. It is easily done.’
And so it would have been, had not Stan heard all about it. And when the
dragon and his mother had put out their lights, he took the pigs’ trough
and filled it with earth, and placed it in his bed, and covered it with
clothes. Then he hid himself underneath, and began to snore loudly.
Very soon the dragon stole softly into the room, and gave a tremendous
blow on the spot where Stan’s head should have been. Stan groaned loudly
from under the bed, and the dragon went away as softly as he had come.
Directly he had closed the door, Stan lifted out the pigs’ trough, and
lay down himself, after making everything clean and tidy, but he was
wise enough not to shut his eyes that night.
The next morning he came into the room when the dragon and his mother
were having their breakfast.
‘Good morning,’ said he.
‘Good morning. How did you sleep?’
‘Oh, very well, but I dreamed that a flea had bitten me, and I seem to
feel it still.’
The dragon and his mother looked at each other. ‘Do you hear that?’
whispered he. ‘He talks of a flea. I broke my club on his head.’
This time the mother grew as frightened as her son. There was nothing to
be done with a man like this, and she made all haste to fill the sacks
with ducats, so as to get rid of Stan as soon as possible. But on his
side Stan was trembling like an aspen, as he could not lift even one
sack from the ground. So he stood still and looked at them.
‘What are you standing there for?’ asked the dragon.
‘Oh, I was standing here because it has just occurred to me that I
should like to stay in your service for another year. I am ashamed that
when I get home they should see I have brought back so little. I know
that they will cry out, “Just look at Stan Bolovan, who in one year has
grown as weak as a dragon.”’
Here a shriek of dismay was heard both from the dragon and his mother,
who declared they would give him seven or even seven times seven the
number of sacks if he would only go away.
‘I’ll tell you what!’ said Stan at last. ‘I see you don’t want me to
stay, and I should be very sorry to make myself disagreeable. I will
go at once, but only on condition that you shall carry the money home
yourself, so that I may not be put to shame before my friends.’
The words were hardly out of his mouth before the dragon had snatched up
the sacks and piled them on his back. Then he and Stan set forth.
The way, though really not far, was yet too long for Stan, but at length
he heard his children’s voices, and stopped short. He did not wish the
dragon to know where he lived, lest some day he should come to take back
his treasure. Was there nothing he could say to get rid of the monster?
Suddenly an idea came into Stan’s head, and he turned round.
‘I hardly know what to do,’ said he. ‘I have a hundred children, and I
am afraid they may do you harm, as they are always ready for a fight.
However, I will do my best to protect you.’
A hundred children! That was indeed no joke! The dragon let fall the
sacks from terror, and then picked them up again. But the children, who
had had nothing to eat since their father had left them, came rushing
towards him, waving knives in their right hands and forks in their left,
and crying, ‘Give us dragon’s flesh; we will have dragon’s flesh.’
At this dreadful sight the dragon waited no longer: he flung down his
sacks where he stood and took flight as fast as he could, so terrified
at the fate that awaited him that from that day he has never dared to
show his face in the world again.
(Adapted from Rumanische Marchen.)
Story DNA
Moral
Resourcefulness, wit, and courage can overcome seemingly insurmountable challenges, even against physically superior foes.
Plot Summary
Stan and his wife are unhappy due to childlessness, so Stan wishes for children and returns home to find a hundred boisterous offspring. Overwhelmed by the need to feed them, Stan ventures out and encounters a dragon stealing from a shepherd. Stan, using his wits rather than strength, repeatedly tricks the powerful but dim-witted dragon and its greedy mother into believing he possesses immense, terrifying power, extracting vast amounts of ducats as 'bribes'. When the dragon and his mother plot to kill him, Stan fakes his death, further cementing their fear. Finally, Stan tricks the dragon into carrying the treasure home, and his hungry children, brandishing cutlery, scare the dragon away permanently, leaving Stan and his family wealthy.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale is an adaptation from Romanian folklore, where 'Stan Bolovan' is a well-known figure, often a strongman or trickster. The story reflects common folk anxieties about providing for a large family and the triumph of wit over brute force.
Plot Beats (14)
- Stan and his wife are unhappy despite their prosperity because they have no children.
- Stan's wife reveals her sorrow, and Stan, understanding, becomes equally unhappy.
- Stan consults a wise man, wishing for children, and is warned about the burden.
- Stan returns home to find a hundred children, overwhelming him and quickly consuming all their food.
- Stan leaves home to find food and encounters a dragon stealing from a shepherd's flock.
- Stan offers to rid the shepherd of the dragon in exchange for a portion of the flock.
- Stan confronts the dragon, claiming to be 'Stan Bolovan' who eats rocks, and uses a cheese to trick the dragon into believing he can squeeze buttermilk from a stone.
- Stan tricks the dragon into believing he can throw a club to the moon, then into believing he can take the entire brook, and then the entire forest, extracting ducats as bribes each time.
- Stan overhears the dragon and its mother plotting to kill him, so he places a pig's trough in his bed and pretends to be hit, making them believe he is impervious to harm.
- The dragon and mother, terrified, offer Stan all the ducats to leave, but Stan pretends he is too weak to carry them and fears his family will mock him.
- Stan tricks the dragon into carrying the ducats home by claiming his hundred children are fierce and will attack him if he doesn't help.
- As they approach his village, Stan warns the dragon that his children are hungry and aggressive, and the children rush out with knives and forks, demanding 'dragon's flesh'.
- The dragon, terrified, drops the sacks of ducats and flees, never to return.
- Stan and his family are now rich and well-fed, living happily ever after.
Characters
Stan Bolovan
Tired and dusty from his travels
Attire: Simple peasant clothing, tunic, trousers, perhaps a leather belt
Persistent, clever, resourceful
Stan's Wife
Initially sad and withdrawn, later overwhelmed
Attire: Traditional peasant dress, apron, headscarf
Initially melancholy, maternal, overwhelmed
The Children
Numerous, identical, small, noisy, impudent
Attire: Simple children's clothing
Greedy, demanding, aggressive
The Wise Man
Implied to be old and knowledgeable
Attire: Robes or simple clothing
Wise, cautious, enigmatic
The Dragon
Strong enough to carry trees, breathes fire (implied)
Greedy, easily frightened, boastful
The Dragon's Mother
Old and reliant on bathing in sheep's milk to regain youth
Greedy, manipulative, cruel
Locations
Small house on the outskirts of the village
Located where oxen were turned out to pasture and pigs rooted among the trees.
Mood: initially sad, then increasingly chaotic
Stan's initial unhappiness, the arrival of the hundred children, the children's hunger
Wise man's dwelling
A day's journey from Stan's house; the wise man sits before his door.
Mood: mysterious, hopeful
Stan asks for children.
Sheepfold at the end of the world
A sheepfold with seven sheep, the rest of the flock lying in the shadow of trees.
Mood: desolate, dangerous
Stan witnesses the dragon stealing sheep and milk.
Dragon's house
Implied to be a dwelling where the dragon's mother lives; has a ceiling with cracks.
Mood: treacherous, secretive
Stan overhears the dragon's plan to murder him and tricks the dragon.