The princess who was hidden underground
by Andrew Lang

The Golden Lamb
A king had a pretty daughter. She was very nice. He built a secret palace under the ground. The palace was big and hidden. Then he made a tricky challenge. Many young men tried to find her. They all tried and failed. No one could win.
One day, a young man tried. He was brave and smart. He asked a herdsman for help. The herdsman was kind. The herdsman put him in a golden sheepskin. He looked like a golden lamb. It was a good trick.
The herdsman took the lamb to the king. The king saw the golden lamb. He liked it very much. He borrowed it for three days. The king took the lamb to his daughter. He said magic words to open the doors. "Open, earth doors!" he said. The doors opened with a noise.
Inside, the princess lived in a silver room. The room was shiny and pretty. The young man came out of the sheepskin. He and the princess became good friends. They talked and played with each other. They had fun together.
The princess told him a secret. She spoke softly. "Next time, father will trick us," she said. "He will turn us into ducks." "I will clean my wings with my beak." "Then you will know me." The young man listened carefully.
Three days later, the king returned the lamb. The young man came out of the sheepskin. He went to the king. He was ready. "I can find your daughter," he said.
The king had to keep his promise. He was not happy. He took the young man to the doors. "Say the magic words," the young man said. "Open, earth doors!" said the king. The doors opened again.
They found the princess. The king was not happy. He turned the princess and maidens into ducks. There were many ducks. "Which duck is my daughter?" he asked.
The young man looked carefully. One duck was cleaning her wings. He knew the secret. "That one is the princess," he said.
The king had to let her go. He was sad but kept his word. The young man and the princess got married. They had a big wedding. They were very happy. The clever young man won the princess. Being smart is good. And they lived happy ever after.
Original Story
THE PRINCESS WHO WAS HIDDEN UNDERGROUND Once there was a king who had great riches, which, when he died, he divided among his three sons. The two eldest of these lived in rioting and feasting, and thus wasted and squandered their father’s wealth till nothing remained, and they found themselves in want and misery. The youngest of the three sons, on the contrary, made good use of his portion. He married a wife and soon they had a most beautiful daughter, for whom, when she was grown up, he caused a great palace to be built underground, and then killed the architect who had built it. Next he shut up his daughter inside, and then sent heralds all over the world to make known that he who should find the king’s daughter should have her to wife. If he were not capable of finding her then he must die. Many young men sought to discover her, but all perished in the attempt. After many had met their death thus, there came a young man, beautiful to behold, and as clever as he was beautiful, who had a great desire to attempt the enterprise. First he went to a herdsman, and begged him to hide him in a sheepskin, which had a golden fleece, and in this disguise to take him to the king. The shepherd let himself be persuaded so to do, took a skin having a golden fleece, sewed the young man in it, putting in also food and drink, and so brought him before the king. When the latter saw the golden lamb, he asked the herd: ‘Will you sell me this lamb?’ But the herd answered: ‘No, oh king; I will not sell it; but if you find pleasure therein, I will be willing to oblige you, and I will lend it to you, free of charge, for three days, after that you must give it back to me.’ This the king agreed to do, and he arose and took the lamb to his daughter. When he had led it into her palace, and through many rooms, he came to a shut door. Then he called ‘Open, Sartara Martara of the earth!’ and the door opened of itself. After that they went through many more rooms, and came to another closed door. Again the king called out: ‘Open, Sartara Martara of the earth!’ and this door opened like the other, and they came into the apartment where the princess dwelt, the floor, walls, and roof of which were all of silver. When the king had embraced the princess, he gave her the lamb, to her great joy. She stroked it, caressed it, and played with it. After a while the lamb got loose, which, when the princess saw, she said: ‘See, father, the lamb is free.’ But the king answered: ‘It is only a lamb, why should it not be free?’ Then he left the lamb with the princess, and went his way. In the night, however, the young man threw off the skin. When the princess saw how beautiful he was, she fell in love with him, and asked him: ‘Why did you come here disguised in a sheepskin like that?’ Then he answered: ‘When I saw how many people sought you, and could not find you, and lost their lives in so doing, I invented this trick, and so I am come safely to you.’ The princess exclaimed: ‘You have done well so to do; but you must know that your wager is not yet won, for my father will change me and my maidens into ducks, and will ask you, “Which of these ducks is the princess?” Then I will turn my head back, and with my bill will clean my wings, so that you may know me.’ When they had spent three days together, chatting and caressing one another, the herd came back to the king, and demanded his lamb. Then the king went to his daughter to bring it away, which troubled the princess very much, for she said they had played so nicely together. But the king said: ‘I cannot leave it with you, my daughter, for it is only lent to me.’ So he took it away with him, and gave it back to the shepherd. Then the young man threw the skin from off him, and went to the king, saying: ‘Sire, I am persuaded I can find your daughter.’ When the king saw how handsome he was, he said: ‘My lad, I have pity on your youth. This enterprise has already cost the lives of many, and will certainly be your death as well.’ But the young man answered, ‘I accept your conditions, oh king; I will either find her or lose my head.’ Thereupon he went before the king, who followed after him, till they came to the great door. Then the young man said to the king: ‘Speak the words that it may open.’ And the king answered: ‘What are the words? Shall I say something like this: “Shut; shut; shut”?’ ‘No,’ said he; ‘say “Open, Sartara Martara of the earth.”’ When the king had so said, the door opened of itself, and they went in, while the king gnawed his moustache in anger. Then they came to the second door, where the same thing happened as at the first, and they went in and found the princess. Then spoke the king and said: ‘Yes, truly, you have found the princess. Now I will turn her as well as all her maidens into ducks, and if you can guess which of these ducks is my daughter, then you shall have her to wife.’ And immediately the king changed all the maidens into ducks, and he drove them before the young man, and said: ‘Now show me which is my daughter.’ Then the princess, according to their understanding, began to clean her wings with her bill, and the lad said: ‘She who cleans her wings is the princess.’ Now the king could do nothing more but give her to the young man to wife, and they lived together in great joy and happiness. (From the German.)
Moral of the Story
Cunning and intelligence can overcome even the most formidable and cruel obstacles.
Characters
The King ⚔ antagonist
Richly dressed, but increasingly frustrated and angry
Attire: Royal robes, crown, possibly jeweled rings
Deceptive, possessive, cunning
The Princess ★ protagonist
Beautiful, trapped, but resourceful
Attire: Silken gowns befitting a princess, jewelry
Intelligent, observant, compliant but with hidden agency
The Young Man ★ protagonist
Beautiful to behold, clever
Attire: Initially disguised in a sheepskin, later richly dressed as a suitor
Brave, clever, determined
The Herdsman ◆ supporting
Simple, rustic appearance
Attire: Simple shepherd's clothing, sheepskin cloak
Helpful, easily persuaded
Locations

Underground Palace Entrance
A great door, magically sealed, requiring a specific incantation to open.
Mood: mysterious, foreboding
The hero first gains entry to the underground palace.

Silver Apartment
A room where the princess dwells, the floor, walls, and roof of which were all of silver.
Mood: luxurious, isolated
The hero first meets the princess.

Duck Pond
A place where the princess and her maidens are transformed into ducks.
Mood: magical, tense
The hero must identify the princess among the ducks.
Story DNA
Moral
Cunning and intelligence can overcome even the most formidable and cruel obstacles.
Plot Summary
A king's youngest son builds an elaborate underground palace for his daughter, then traps her inside and issues a deadly challenge: any man who finds her wins her hand, but failure means death. Many perish until a clever young man disguises himself in a golden sheepskin and is brought before the king. The king, unaware, takes the 'lamb' to his daughter, revealing the secret passwords to the magical doors. The young man and princess fall in love and devise a plan for the final test. When the young man later presents himself to the king, he uses the king's own passwords to reach the princess. For the final challenge, the king transforms the princess and her maidens into ducks, but the princess signals her identity by cleaning her wings, allowing the young man to win her hand and live happily ever after.
Themes
Emotional Arc
danger to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale, likely from a German source, reflecting common European fairy tale motifs of hidden princesses, impossible tasks, and clever heroes.
Plot Beats (13)
- A king divides his wealth among three sons; the youngest builds an underground palace for his daughter, traps her, kills the architect, and sets a deadly challenge for suitors.
- Many young men fail and die trying to find the princess.
- A clever young man decides to attempt the quest.
- He persuades a herdsman to sew him inside a golden sheepskin and present him to the king as a 'golden lamb'.
- The king, intrigued, borrows the lamb and takes it to his daughter, revealing the secret password 'Open, Sartara Martara of the earth!' for the two magical doors.
- Inside the princess's silver apartment, the young man sheds his disguise, and he and the princess fall in love.
- The princess warns him of a final challenge: her father will turn her and her maidens into ducks, and she will signal him by cleaning her wings.
- After three days, the king retrieves the 'lamb' and returns it to the herdsman.
- The young man emerges from the sheepskin and presents himself to the king, declaring he can find the princess.
- The king, despite his warnings, is forced to lead the young man, who then prompts the king to speak the secret passwords to open the doors.
- They reach the princess, and the king, angered but bound by his challenge, transforms the princess and her maidens into ducks.
- The young man correctly identifies the princess by her pre-arranged signal.
- The king, defeated, gives the princess to the young man in marriage, and they live happily ever after.





