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The underground workers

by Andrew Lang

The underground workers

Hans and the Magic Guardian

CEFR A1 Age 5 580 words 3 min Canon 95/100

Hans was lost in the cold snow. He walked and walked. The wind blew hard. He could not find the way. He was very tired and cold. He sat under a big tree. He went to sleep.

A man woke him up. The man was tall and thin. He held a tree branch. "Come with me," he said. "It is warm here." Hans followed him. They walked through the snow. They found a warm fire. Some people sat by the fire. It was warm and green. The snow was far away.

Hans slept again. When he woke up, he was alone. The fire was gone. The green place was gone. He was in a forest. He felt confused.

He heard a loud noise. He walked to a dark cave. The cave was dark and big. Inside, little helpers worked hard. They hit metal with big hammers. They sang songs as they worked. It was very noisy. The tall man watched them. He wore black clothes now. The helpers were strong and busy.

The work stopped. The tall man spoke to Hans. "Come with me," he said. He opened a big door. Inside, there was lots of gold and silver. It was very shiny and bright. Hans could not look at it all.

"Take some gold," said the man. Hans tried to lift a gold bar. It was too heavy. He could not move it. He tried again. The man laughed. "You are not strong enough," he said.

"Why do you hide this gold?" Hans asked. "It could help people." The man sat down slowly. He looked at Hans. "Gold is not for everyone," he said.

"I am the Magic Guardian," he said. "I keep the gold safe. People must work hard to find gold. Hard work is good. We must wait and try. We must be patient. Gold is for those who work hard. If you find it easily, it is not special. It must be earned."

The man put on shiny clothes. He wore a gold crown. They ate dinner together. The dinner had bread and soup. Tiny servants brought the food. They moved very fast. The tiny servants smiled as they served. The food was good. They talked softly.

"People are not kind," the Magic Guardian said. "They do not share. They argue. They are not always nice." Hans listened quietly. He felt quiet.

Hans fell asleep. He dreamed of gold. In his dream, he was strong. He lifted the gold bars with ease.

He woke up in the forest. The sun was warm. He thought it was a dream. But he saw a shiny thing.

It was shiny dust on the ground. It was silver! The silver dust shone in the sun. There were also gold sticks. They were from the fire. The gold sticks were like little treasures. The dust was very fine. The sticks were small. Hans was surprised and happy.

Hans was clever. He used his coat like a bag. He put the silver dust inside. He put the gold sticks on top. He tied it up with care. He was careful. He did not want to lose any.

Hans was rich now. He moved to a new house. He married a nice woman. They had children. Later, he told them his story. He told them about the Magic Guardian.

Hans learned that hard work is good. We should use what we have well. We should share with others. He was happy ever after.

Original Story 2297 words · 10 min read

THE UNDERGROUND WORKERS On a bitter night somewhere between Christmas and the New Year, a man set out to walk to the neighbouring village. It was not many miles off, but the snow was so thick that there were no roads, or walls, or hedges left to guide him, and very soon he lost his way altogether, and was glad to get shelter from the wind behind a thick juniper tree. Here he resolved to spend the night, thinking that when the sun rose he would be able to see his path again. So he tucked his legs snugly under him like a hedgehog, rolled himself up in his sheepskin, and went to sleep. How long he slept, I cannot tell you, but after awhile he became aware that some one was gently shaking him, while a stranger whispered, ‘My good man, get up! If you lie there any more, you will be buried in the snow, and no one will ever know what became of you.’ The sleeper slowly raised his head from his furs, and opened his heavy eyes. Near him stood a long thin man, holding in his hand a young fir tree taller than himself. ‘Come with me,’ said the man, ‘a little way off we have made a large fire, and you will rest far better there than out upon this moor.’ The sleeper did not wait to be asked twice, but rose at once and followed the stranger. The snow was falling so fast that he could not see three steps in front of him, till the stranger waved his staff, when the drifts parted before them. Very soon they reached a wood, and saw the friendly glow of a fire. ‘What is your name?’ asked the stranger, suddenly turning round. ‘I am called Hans, the son of Long Hans,’ said the peasant. In front of the fire three men were sitting clothed in white, just as if it was summer, and for about thirty feet all round winter had been banished. The moss was dry and the plants green, while the grass seemed all alive with the hum of bees and cockchafers. But above the noise the son of Long Hans could hear the whistling of the wind and the crackling of the branches as they fell beneath the weight of the snow. ‘Well! you son of Long Hans, isn’t this more comfortable than your juniper bush?’ laughed the stranger, and for answer Hans replied he could not thank his friend enough for having brought him here, and, throwing off his sheepskin, rolled it up as a pillow. Then, after a hot drink which warmed both their hearts, they lay down on the ground. The stranger talked for a little to the other men in a language Hans did not understand, and after listening for a short time he once more fell asleep. When he awoke, neither wood nor fire was to be seen, and he did not know where he was. He rubbed his eyes, and began to recall the events of the night, thinking he must have been dreaming; but for all that, he could not make out how he came to be in this place. Suddenly a loud noise struck on his ear, and he felt the earth tremble beneath his feet. Hans listened for a moment, then resolved to go towards the place where the sound came from, hoping he might come across some human being. He found himself at length at the mouth of a rocky cave in which a fire seemed burning. He entered, and saw a huge forge, and a crowd of men in front of it, blowing bellows and wielding hammers, and to each anvil were seven men, and a set of more comical smiths could not be found if you searched all the world through! Their heads were bigger than their little bodies, and their hammers twice the size of themselves, but the strongest men on earth could not have handled their iron clubs more stoutly or given lustier blows. The little blacksmiths were clad in leather aprons, which covered them from their necks to their feet in front, and left their backs naked. On a high stool against the wall sat the man with the pinewood staff, watching sharply the way the little fellows did their work, and near him stood a large can, from which every now and then the workers would come and take a drink. The master no longer wore the white garments of the day before, but a black jerkin, held in its place by a leathern girdle with huge clasps. From time to time he would give his workmen a sign with his staff, for it was useless to speak amid such a noise. If any of them had noticed that there was a stranger present they took no heed of him, but went on with what they were doing. After some hours’ hard labour came the time for rest, and they all flung their hammers to the ground and trooped out of the cave. Then the master got down from his seat and said to Hans: ‘I saw you come in, but the work was pressing, and I could not stop to speak to you. To-day you must be my guest, and I will show you something of the way in which I live. Wait here for a moment, while I lay aside these dirty clothes.’ With these words he unlocked a door in the cave, and bade Hans pass in before him. Oh, what riches and treasures met Hans’ astonished eyes! Gold and silver bars lay piled on the floor, and glittered so that you could not look at them! Hans thought he would count them for fun, and had already reached the five hundred and seventieth when his host returned and cried, laughing: ‘Do not try to count them, it would take too long; choose some of the bars from the heap, as I should like to make you a present of them.’ Hans did not wait to be asked twice, and stooped to pick up a bar of gold, but though he put forth all his strength he could not even move it with both hands, still less lift it off the ground. ‘Why, you have no more power than a flea,’ laughed the host; ‘you will have to content yourself with feasting your eyes upon them!’ So he bade Hans follow him through other rooms, till they entered one bigger than a church, filled, like the rest, with gold and silver. Hans wondered to see these vast riches, which might have bought all the kingdoms of the world, and lay buried, useless, he thought, to anyone. ‘What is the reason,’ he asked of his guide, ‘that you gather up these treasures here, where they can do good to nobody? If they fell into the hands of men, everyone would be rich, and none need work or suffer hunger.’ ‘And it is exactly for that reason,’ answered he, ‘that I must keep these riches out of their way. The whole world would sink to idleness if men were not forced to earn their daily bread. It is only through work and care that man can ever hope to be good for anything.’ Hans stared at these words, and at last he begged that his host would tell him what use it was to anybody that this gold and silver should lie mouldering there, and the owner of it be continually trying to increase his treasure, which already overflowed his store rooms. ‘I am not really a man,’ replied his guide, ‘though I have the outward form of one, but one of those beings to whom is given the care of the world. It is my task and that of my workmen to prepare under the earth the gold and silver, a small portion of which finds its way every year to the upper world, but only just enough to help them carry on their business. To none comes wealth without trouble: we must first dig out the gold and mix the grains with earth, clay, and sand. Then, after long and hard seeking, it will be found in this state, by those who have good luck or much patience. But, my friend, the hour of dinner is at hand. If you wish to remain in this place, and feast your eyes on this gold, then stay till I call you.’ In his absence Hans wandered from one treasure chamber to another, sometimes trying to break off a little lump of gold, but never able to do it. After awhile his host came back, but so changed that Hans could not believe it was really he. His silken clothes were of the brightest flame colour, richly trimmed with gold fringes and lace; a golden girdle was round his waist, while his head was encircled with a crown of gold, and precious stones twinkled about him like stars in a winter’s night, and in place of his wooden stick he held a finely worked golden staff. The lord of all this treasure locked the doors and put the keys in his pocket, then led Hans into another room, where dinner was laid for them. Table and seats were all of silver, while the dishes and plates were of solid gold. Directly they sat down, a dozen little servants appeared to wait on them, which they did so cleverly and so quickly that Hans could hardly believe they had no wings. As they did not reach as high as the table, they were often obliged to jump and hop right on to the top to get at the dishes. Everything was new to Hans, and though he was rather bewildered he enjoyed himself very much, especially when the man with the golden crown began to tell him many things he had never heard of before. ‘Between Christmas and the New Year,’ said he, ‘I often amuse myself by wandering about the earth watching the doings of men and learning something about them. But as far as I have seen and heard I cannot speak well of them. The greater part of them are always quarrelling and complaining of each other’s faults, while nobody thinks of his own.’ Hans tried to deny the truth of these words, but he could not do it, and sat silent, hardly listening to what his friend was saying. Then he went to sleep in his chair, and knew nothing of what was happening. Wonderful dreams came to him during his sleep, where the bars of gold continually hovered before his eyes. He felt stronger than he had ever felt during his waking moments, and lifted two bars quite easily on to his back. He did this so often that at length his strength seemed exhausted, and he sank almost breathless on the ground. Then he heard the sound of cheerful voices, and the song of the blacksmiths as they blew their bellows--he even felt as if he saw the sparks flashing before his eyes. Stretching himself, he awoke slowly, and here he was in the green forest, and instead of the glow of the fire in the underworld the sun was streaming on him, and he sat up wondering why he felt so strange. At length his memory came back to him, and as he called to mind all the wonderful things he had seen he tried in vain to make them agree with those that happen every day. After thinking it over till he was nearly mad, he tried at last to believe that one night between Christmas and the New Year he had met a stranger in the forest, and had slept all night in his company before a big fire; the next day they had dined together, and had drunk a great deal more than was good for them--in short, he had spent two whole days revelling with another man. But here, with the full tide of summer around him, he could hardly accept his own explanation, and felt that he must have been the plaything or sport of some magician. Near him, in the full sunlight, were the traces of a dead fire, and when he drew close to it he saw that what he had taken for ashes was really fine silver dust, and that the half burnt firewood was made of gold. Oh, how lucky Hans thought himself; but where should he get a sack to carry his treasure home before anyone else found it? But necessity is the mother of invention: Hans threw off his fur coat, gathered up the silver ashes so carefully in it that none remained behind, laid the gold sticks on top, and tied up the bag thus made with his girdle, so that nothing should fall out. The load was not, in point of fact, very heavy, although it seemed so to his imagination, and he moved slowly along till he found a safe hiding-place for it. In this way Hans suddenly became rich--rich enough to buy a property of his own. But being a prudent man, he finally decided that it would be best for him to leave his old neighbourhood and look for a home in a distant part of the country, where nobody knew anything about him. It did not take him long to find what he wanted, and after he had paid for it there was plenty of money left over. When he was settled, he married a pretty girl who lived near by, and had some children, to whom on his death-bed he told the story of the lord of the underworld, and how he had made Hans rich. (Ehstnische Marchen.)

Moral of the Story

True wealth comes from diligent work and is best used wisely and discreetly.


Characters 3 characters

Hans, the son of Long Hans ★ protagonist

human adult male

Strong, but not exceptionally so

Attire: Peasant clothing, sheepskin coat, girdle

Prudent, easily awed, initially skeptical but ultimately accepting

The Stranger / The Lord of the Underworld ◆ supporting

magical creature ageless male

Tall, thin, initially dressed in white, later in flame-colored silk

Attire: Initially white garments, later flame-colored silk trimmed with gold, golden crown and girdle

Wise, enigmatic, generous, concerned with the balance of the world

The Little Blacksmiths ◆ supporting

magical creature adult male

Small bodies, oversized heads, strong

Attire: Leather aprons covering the front, bare backs

Industrious, comical

Locations 4 locations
Juniper Tree Shelter

Juniper Tree Shelter

outdoor night winter, heavy snow

A thick juniper tree providing shelter from the wind and snow.

Mood: desolate, cold, lonely

Hans seeks refuge from the blizzard and falls asleep.

thick juniper treedeep snow driftsbitter windsheepskin coat
Clearing with Fire

Clearing with Fire

transitional night winter, but with a localized summer-like microclimate

A circle of warmth and summer-like conditions in the midst of a snowy wood, with a large fire, dry moss, green plants, and buzzing insects.

Mood: warm, inviting, magical, surreal

Hans is rescued and offered hospitality by the stranger.

large firedry mossgreen plantshumming beescockchafersfalling snow outside the circle
Underground Forge

Underground Forge

indoor irrelevant, as it is underground

A rocky cave containing a huge forge with many anvils, bellows, and comical blacksmiths.

Mood: industrious, noisy, fantastical

Hans witnesses the underground workers creating treasures.

rocky cavehuge forgeanvilsbellowscomical blacksmithsleather apronsmaster on a high stoollarge can of drink
Treasure Chambers

Treasure Chambers

indoor irrelevant, as it is underground

Multiple rooms filled with gold and silver bars, glittering brightly. One room is bigger than a church.

Mood: wealthy, overwhelming, magical

Hans is shown the vast wealth of the underworld and dines with its lord.

gold barssilver barspiles of treasurelocked doorsgolden staffgolden crownprecious stones

Story DNA fairy tale · whimsical

Moral

True wealth comes from diligent work and is best used wisely and discreetly.

Plot Summary

Lost in a severe snowstorm, peasant Hans is rescued by a mysterious stranger who leads him to a magical, warm clearing. After sleeping, Hans wakes to find himself in an underground forge where small, powerful blacksmiths work, overseen by his host, a guardian of the earth's hidden wealth. Hans is shown immense treasures but cannot lift them, learning that this wealth is kept from humanity to prevent idleness. After a lavish dinner with his transformed host, Hans wakes in the forest to find the magical remnants are real gold and silver, which he prudently gathers. He uses this wealth to build a new, prosperous life, always remembering the lesson of the underground workers.

Themes

wealth and laborthe unseen worldprudence and secrecythe nature of humanity

Emotional Arc

despair to wonder to prosperity

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: vivid sensory descriptions, direct address to reader (briefly)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs self (Hans's understanding of reality) and person vs supernatural (encountering the unknown)
Ending: happy
Magic: magical clearing in snow, stranger's staff parting snow, underground forge with small, strong blacksmiths, guardian of earth's wealth (not human), transformation of the host's appearance, tiny, agile servants, gold and silver appearing as ashes/firewood
the gold and silver (representing hidden wealth, labor, and human greed/idleness)the host's staff (power, guidance, transformation)the snowstorm (hardship, being lost)

Cultural Context

Origin: Estonian (Ehstnische Marchen)
Era: pre-industrial

Reflects a pre-industrial worldview where nature's forces are personified and wealth is tied to the earth and labor, often with a moralistic undertone about human nature.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. Hans gets lost in a severe snowstorm and decides to shelter under a juniper tree for the night.
  2. A tall, thin stranger with a fir tree staff wakes Hans and leads him to a magically warm, snow-free clearing with a fire and three other men.
  3. Hans sleeps again, then wakes to find himself alone and the magical clearing gone.
  4. He follows a sound to a cave, discovering an underground forge where small, strong blacksmiths work with huge hammers, overseen by his host, now in a black jerkin.
  5. After the work shift, the host invites Hans into his inner chambers, revealing immense piles of gold and silver.
  6. Hans attempts to lift a gold bar but finds it impossibly heavy, realizing he lacks the strength.
  7. Hans questions the host about the purpose of such hidden, unused wealth, suggesting it could benefit mankind.
  8. The host explains he is a guardian of the earth's wealth, ensuring it is only found through hard work and patience, preventing idleness.
  9. The host transforms into a regally dressed figure with a golden staff and crown, leading Hans to a lavish dinner served by tiny, agile servants.
  10. During dinner, the host shares his observations about humanity's quarrels and complaints, which Hans cannot refute.
  11. Hans falls asleep again during the conversation, dreaming of lifting gold bars with ease.
  12. He wakes up in the forest, confused, and initially tries to rationalize the experience as a drunken revelry.
  13. Hans discovers the remnants of the magical fire: silver dust and gold 'firewood'.
  14. He ingeniously gathers the silver dust in his sheepskin and adds the gold sticks, creating a portable treasure.
  15. Hans uses his newfound wealth prudently, moves to a new area, marries, has children, and recounts his magical encounter on his deathbed.

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