Prince Ring
by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book
Original Story
Prince Ring; you must have seen to my husband and
children.’
Snati saw that she was about to attack them, and sprang at her with a
red-hot iron from the fire, while Ring kept pouring boiling porridge
on her without stopping, and in this way they at last got her killed.
Then they burned the old troll and her to ashes, and explored the
cave, where they found plenty of gold and treasures. The most valuable
of these they carried with them as far as the cliff, and left them
there. Then they hastened home to the King with his three treasures,
where they arrived late on Christmas night, and Ring handed them over
to him.
The King was beside himself with joy, and was astonished at how clever
a man Ring was in all kinds of feats, so that he esteemed him still
more highly than before, and betrothed his daughter to him; and the
feast for this was to last all through Christmastide. Ring thanked the
King courteously for this and all his other kindnesses, and as soon as
he had finished eating and drinking in the hall went off to sleep in
his own room. Snati, however, asked permission to sleep in the
Prince’s bed for that night, while the Prince should sleep where the
Dog usually lay. Ring said he was welcome to do so, and that he
deserved more from him than that came to. So Snati went up into the
Prince’s bed, but after a time he came back, and told Ring he could go
there himself now, but to take care not to meddle with anything that
was in the bed.
Now the story comes back to Red, who came into the hall and showed the
King his right arm wanting the hand, and said that now he could see
what kind of a man his intended son-in-law was, for he had done this
to him without any cause whatever. The King became very angry, and
said he would soon find out the truth about it, and if Ring had cut
off his hand without good cause he should be hanged; but if it was
otherwise, then Red should die. So the King sent for Ring and asked
him for what reason he had done this. Snati, however, had just told
Ring what had happened during the night, and in reply he asked the
King to go with him and he would show him something. The King went
with him to his sleeping-room, and saw lying on the bed a man’s hand
holding a sword.
‘This hand,’ said Ring, ‘came over the partition during the night, and
was about to run me through in my bed, if I had not defended myself.’
The King answered that in that case he could not blame him for
protecting his own life, and that Red was well worthy of death. So Red
was hanged, and Ring married the King’s daughter.
The first night that they went to bed together Snati asked Ring to
allow him to lie at their feet, and this Ring allowed him to do.
During the night he heard a howling and outcry beside them, struck a
light in a hurry and saw an ugly dog’s skin lying near him, and a
beautiful Prince in the bed. Ring instantly took the skin and burned
it, and then shook the Prince, who was lying unconscious, until he
woke up. The bridegroom then asked his name; he replied that he was
called Ring, and was a King’s son. In his youth he had lost his
mother, and in her place his father had married a witch, who had laid
a spell on him that he should turn into a dog, and never be released
from the spell unless a Prince of the same name as himself allowed him
to sleep at his feet the first night after his marriage. He added
further, ‘As soon as she knew that you were my namesake she tried to
get you destroyed, so that you might not free me from the spell. She
was the hind that you and your companions chased; she was the woman
that you found in the clearing with the barrel, and the old hag that
we just now killed in the cave.’
After the feasting was over the two namesakes, along with other men,
went to the cliff and brought all the treasure home to the Palace.
Then they went to the island and removed all that was valuable from
it. Ring gave to his namesake, whom he had freed from the spell, his
sister Ingiborg and his father’s kingdom to look after, but he himself
stayed with his father-in-law the King, and had half the kingdom while
he lived and the whole of it after his death.
THE SWINEHERD
There was once a poor Prince. He possessed a kingdom which, though
small, was yet large enough for him to marry on, and married he wished
to be.
Now it was certainly a little audacious of him to venture to say to
the Emperor’s daughter, ‘Will you marry me?’ But he did venture to say
so, for his name was known far and wide. There were hundreds of
princesses who would gladly have said ‘Yes,’ but would she say the
same?
Well, we shall see.
On the grave of the Prince’s father grew a rose-tree, a very beautiful
rose-tree. It only bloomed every five years, and then bore but a
single rose, but oh, such a rose! Its scent was so sweet that when you
smelt it you forgot all your cares and troubles. And he had also a
nightingale which could sing as if all the beautiful melodies in the
world were shut up in its little throat. This rose and this
nightingale the Princess was to have, and so they were both put into
silver caskets and sent to her.
The Emperor had them brought to him in the great hall, where the
Princess was playing ‘Here comes a duke a-riding’ with her
ladies-in-waiting. And when she caught sight of the big caskets which
contained the presents, she clapped her hands for joy.
‘If only it were a little pussy-cat!’ she said. But the rose-tree with
the beautiful rose came out.
‘But how prettily it is made!’ said all the ladies-in-waiting.
‘It is more than pretty,’ said the Emperor, ‘it is charming!’
But the Princess felt it, and then she almost began to cry.
‘Ugh! Papa,’ she said, ‘it is not artificial, it is real!’
‘Ugh!’ said all the ladies-in-waiting, ‘it is real!’
‘Let us see first what is in the other casket before we begin to be
angry,’ thought the Emperor, and there came out the nightingale. It
sang so beautifully that one could scarcely utter a cross word against
it.
‘Superbe! charmant!’ said the ladies-in-waiting, for they all
chattered French, each one worse than the other.
‘How much the bird reminds me of the musical snuff-box of the late
Empress!’ said an old courtier. ‘Ah, yes, it is the same tone, the
same execution!’
‘Yes,’ said the Emperor; and then he wept like a little child.
‘I hope that this, at least, is not real?’ asked the Princess.
‘Yes, it is a real bird,’ said those who had brought it.
‘Then let the bird fly away,’ said the Princess; and she would not on
any account allow the Prince to come.
But he was nothing daunted. He painted his face brown and black, drew
his cap well over his face, and knocked at the door. ‘Good-day,
Emperor,’ he said. ‘Can I get a place here as servant in the castle?’
‘Yes,’ said the Emperor, ‘but there are so many who ask for a place
that I don’t know whether there will be one for you; but, still, I
will think of you. Stay, it has just occurred to me that I want
someone to look after the swine, for I have so very many of them.’
And the Prince got the situation of Imperial Swineherd. He had a
wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to stay, but
the whole day he sat working, and when evening was come he had made a
pretty little pot. All round it were little bells, and when the pot
boiled they jingled most beautifully and played the old tune—
‘Where is Augustus dear?
Alas! he’s not here, here, here!’
But the most wonderful thing was, that when one held one’s finger in
the steam of the pot, then at once one could smell what dinner was
ready in any fire-place in the town. That was indeed something quite
different from the rose.
Now the Princess came walking past with all her ladies-in-waiting, and
when she heard the tune she stood still and her face beamed with joy,
for she also could play ‘Where is Augustus dear?’
It was the only tune she knew, but that she could play with one
finger.
[Illustration: The Swineherd Takes the Ten Kisses]
‘Why, that is what I play!’ she said. ‘He must be a most accomplished
Swineherd! Listen! Go down and ask him what the instrument costs.’
And one of the ladies-in-waiting had to go down; but she put on wooden
clogs. ‘What will you take for the pot?’ asked the lady-in-waiting.
‘I will have ten kisses from the Princess,’ answered the Swineherd.
‘Heaven forbid!’ said the lady-in-waiting.
‘Yes, I will sell it for nothing less,’ replied the Swineherd.
‘Well, what does he say?’ asked the Princess.
‘I really hardly like to tell you,’ answered the lady-in-waiting.
‘Oh, then you can whisper it to me.’
‘He is disobliging!’ said the Princess, and went away. But she had
only gone a few steps when the bells rang out so prettily—
‘Where is Augustus dear?
Alas! he’s not here, here, here.’
‘Listen!’ said the Princess. ‘Ask him whether he will take ten kisses
from my ladies-in-waiting.’
‘No, thank you,’ said the Swineherd. ‘Ten kisses from the Princess, or
else I keep my pot.’
‘That is very tiresome!’ said the Princess. ‘But you must put
yourselves in front of me, so that no one can see.’
And the ladies-in-waiting placed themselves in front and then spread
out their dresses; so the Swineherd got his ten kisses, and she got
the pot.
What happiness that was! The whole night and the whole day the pot was
made to boil; there was not a fire-place in the whole town where they
did not know what was being cooked, whether it was at the chancellor’s
or at the shoemaker’s.
The ladies-in-waiting danced and clapped their hands.
‘We know who is going to have soup and pancakes; we know who is going
to have porridge and sausages—isn’t it interesting?’
‘Yes, very interesting!’ said the first lady-in-waiting.
‘But don’t say anything about it, for I am the Emperor’s daughter.’
‘Oh, no, of course we won’t!’ said everyone.
The Swineherd—that is to say, the Prince (though they did not know he
was anything but a true Swineherd)—let no day pass without making
something, and one day he made a rattle which, when it was turned
round, played all the waltzes, galops, and polkas which had ever been
known since the world began.
‘But that is superbe!’ said the Princess as she passed by. ‘I have
never heard a more beautiful composition. Listen! Go down and ask him
what this instrument costs; but I won’t kiss him again.’
‘He wants a hundred kisses from the Princess,’ said the
lady-in-waiting who had gone down to ask him.
‘I believe he is mad!’ said the Princess, and then she went on; but
she had only gone a few steps when she stopped.
‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said. ‘I am the Emperor’s daughter!
Tell him he shall have, as before, ten kisses; the rest he can take
from my ladies-in-waiting.’
‘But we don’t at all like being kissed by him,’ said the
ladies-in-waiting.
‘That’s nonsense,’ said the Princess; ‘and if I can kiss him, you can
too. Besides, remember that I give you board and lodging.’
So the ladies-in-waiting had to go down to him again.
‘A hundred kisses from the Princess,’ said he, ‘or each keeps his
own.’
‘Put yourselves in front of us,’ she said then; and so all the
ladies-in-waiting put themselves in front, and he began to kiss the
Princess.
‘What can that commotion be by the pigsties?’ asked the Emperor, who
was standing on the balcony. He rubbed his eyes and put on his
spectacles. ‘Why those are the ladies-in-waiting playing their games;
I must go down to them.’
So he took off his shoes, which were shoes though he had trodden them
down into slippers. What a hurry he was in, to be sure!
As soon as he came into the yard he walked very softly, and the
ladies-in-waiting were so busy counting the kisses and seeing fair
play that they never noticed the Emperor. He stood on tip-toe.
‘What is that?’ he said, when he saw the kissing; and then he threw
one of his slippers at their heads just as the Swineherd was taking
his eighty-sixth kiss.
‘Be off with you!’ said the Emperor, for he was very angry. And the
Princess and the Swineherd were driven out of the empire.
Then she stood still and wept; the Swineherd was scolding, and the
rain was streaming down.
‘Alas, what an unhappy creature I am!’ sobbed the Princess. ‘If only I
had taken the beautiful Prince! Alas, how unfortunate I am!’
And the Swineherd went behind a tree, washed the black and brown off
his face, threw away his old clothes, and then stepped forward in his
splendid dress, looking so beautiful that the Princess was obliged to
courtesy.
‘I now come to this. I despise you!’ he said. ‘You would have nothing
to do with a noble Prince; you did not understand the rose or the
nightingale, but you could kiss the
Story DNA
Moral
True value lies not in outward appearance or material possessions, but in inner beauty, genuine artistry, and a discerning heart.
Plot Summary
A proud Prince, disguised as a swineherd, attempts to teach a superficial Princess a lesson after she rejects his genuine, natural gifts. He creates artificial, magical objects which she eagerly trades kisses for, eventually leading to her and the swineherd's banishment by her father. Upon revealing his true identity, the Prince scorns the Princess for her shallow values, leaving her to face the harsh consequences of her choices.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Hans Christian Andersen's tales often critiqued societal norms and superficiality prevalent in 19th-century European aristocracy.
Plot Beats (13)
- A Prince, though poor, desires to marry an Emperor's daughter.
- He sends her two precious, natural gifts: a magical rose and a nightingale.
- The Princess and her ladies-in-waiting dismiss the gifts for being 'real' and not artificial.
- The Prince, undeterred, disguises himself as a swineherd and gets a job in the Emperor's castle.
- As a swineherd, he creates a magical pot that reveals what's cooking in any house in town.
- The Princess is enchanted by the pot and trades ten kisses with the Swineherd for it, using her ladies-in-waiting as a screen.
- The Swineherd then creates a magical rattle that plays all the world's dances.
- The Princess desires the rattle and, despite initial reluctance, trades one hundred kisses for it, again using her ladies-in-waiting as a screen.
- The Emperor discovers the kissing by the pigsties and, enraged, banishes both the Princess and the Swineherd.
- The Princess weeps, regretting not having accepted the 'beautiful Prince' (referring to the swineherd's initial proposal).
- The Swineherd washes off his disguise and reveals himself as the Prince in splendid attire.
- The Prince declares his contempt for the Princess, stating she valued artificiality over true beauty and worth.
- The Prince leaves the Princess, who is left alone and disgraced.
Characters
Prince Ring
Strong and capable, skilled in combat
Attire: Simple but sturdy clothing suitable for travel and combat, possibly with a tunic and leggings.
Brave, resourceful, and loyal
Snati
Initially appears as an ugly dog, later revealed to be a handsome prince
Attire: As a dog: dog's skin. As a prince: fine princely garments
Grateful, loyal, and cursed
The King
A powerful ruler, impressed by feats of strength and cleverness
Attire: Royal robes and crown, befitting his status
Easily impressed, values strength and cleverness, and is quick to anger when deceived
Red
Deceitful and malicious
Attire: Common clothing, possibly with a hidden weapon
Deceitful, malicious, and cowardly
The Troll Hag
Old, ugly, and monstrous
Attire: Ragged and dirty clothing
Evil, vengeful, and cunning
Ingiborg
Sister to Prince Ring, presumably beautiful
Attire: Fine clothing befitting a princess
Not specified, but presumably kind and loyal
The King's Daughter
Beautiful, desired by many
Attire: Fine gowns and jewelry befitting a princess
Not explicitly defined, but she is a prize to be won
Locations
Troll Cave
A dark cave filled with gold and treasures, later burned to ashes.
Mood: Eerie, dangerous, then triumphant
Prince Ring and Snati kill the troll and her hag mother, finding treasure.
King's Hall
A grand hall where feasting and celebrations occur.
Mood: Joyful, celebratory, then tense and accusatory
Ring returns with the treasures, is betrothed, and later defends himself against Red's accusation.
Prince Ring's Sleeping Room
A private chamber with a bed.
Mood: Intimate, dangerous
Ring discovers the attempted assassination and defends himself.
Royal Bedchamber
The bedchamber of Prince Ring and his new bride.
Mood: Magical, transformative
Snati's curse is broken, revealing him to be a prince.
Pigsties
A wretched little room close to the pigsties
Mood: Wretched
The prince works as a swineherd and makes the pot.