The Death of the Sun-hero

by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book

fairy tale cautionary tale solemn Ages 8-14 1130 words 5 min read
Cover: The Death of the Sun-hero
Original Story 1130 words · 5 min read

THE DEATH OF THE SUN-HERO[27]

Many, many thousand years ago there lived a mighty King whom heaven

had blessed with a clever and beautiful son. When he was only ten

years old the boy was cleverer than all the King’s counsellors put

together, and when he was twenty he was the greatest hero in the whole

kingdom. His father could not make enough of his son, and always had

him clothed in golden garments which shone and sparkled like the sun;

and his mother gave him a white horse, which never slept, and which

flew like the wind. All the people in the land loved him dearly, and

called him the Sun-Hero, for they did not think his like existed under

the sun. Now it happened one night that both his parents had the same

extraordinary dream. They dreamt that a girl all dressed in red had

come to them and said: ‘If you wish that your son should really become

the Sun-Hero in deed and not only in name, let him go out into the

world and search for the Tree of the Sun, and when he has found it,

let him pluck a golden apple from it and bring it home.’

When the King and Queen had each related their dreams to the other,

they were much amazed that they should both have dreamt exactly the

same about their son, and the King said to his wife, ‘This is clearly

a sign from heaven that we should send our son out into the world in

order that he may come home the great Sun-Hero, as the Red Girl said,

not only in name but in deed.’

The Queen consented with many tears, and the King at once bade his son

set forth in search of the Tree of the Sun, from which he was to pluck

a golden apple. The Prince was delighted at the prospect, and set out

on his travels that very day.

[Footnote 27: From the Bukowinaer Tales and Legends. Von Wliolocki.]

For a long time he wandered all through the world, and it was not till

the ninety-ninth day after he started that he found an old man who was

able to tell him where the Tree of the Sun grew. He followed his

directions, and rode on his way, and after another ninety-nine days he

arrived at a golden castle, which stood in the middle of a vast

wilderness. He knocked at the door, which was opened noiselessly and

by invisible hands. Finding no one about, the Prince rode on, and came

to a great meadow, where the Sun-Tree grew. When he reached the tree

he put out his hand to pick a golden apple; but all of a sudden the

tree grew higher, so that he could not reach its fruit. Then he heard

some one behind him laughing. Turning round, he saw the girl in red

walking towards him, who addressed him in these words:

‘Do you really imagine, brave son of the earth, that you can pluck an

apple so easily from the Tree of the Sun? Before you can do that, you

have a difficult task before you. You must guard the tree for nine

days and nine nights from the ravages of two wild black wolves, who

will try to harm it. Do you think you can undertake this?’

[Illustration: The Sun-hero Guards the Apples of the Sun]

‘Yes,’ answered the Sun-Hero, ‘I will guard the Tree of the Sun nine

days and nine nights.’

Then the girl continued: ‘Remember, though, if you do not succeed the

Sun will kill you. Now begin your watch.’

With these words the Red Girl went back into the golden castle. She

had hardly left him when the two black wolves appeared: but the

Sun-Hero beat them off with his sword, and they retired, only,

however, to reappear in a very short time. The Sun-Hero chased them

away once more, but he had hardly sat down to rest when the two black

wolves were on the scene again. This went on for seven days and

nights, when the white horse, who had never done such a thing before,

turned to the Sun-Hero and said in a human voice: ‘Listen to what I am

going to say. A Fairy gave me to your mother in order that I might be

of service to you; so let me tell you, that if you go to sleep and let

the wolves harm the tree, the Sun will surely kill you. The Fairy,

foreseeing this, put everyone in the world under a spell, which

prevents their obeying the Sun’s command to take your life. But all

the same, she has forgotten one person, who will certainly kill you if

you fall asleep and let the wolves damage the tree. So watch and keep

the wolves away.’

Then the Sun-Hero strove with all his might and kept the black wolves

at bay, and conquered his desire to sleep; but on the eighth night his

strength failed him, and he fell fast asleep. When he awoke a woman in

black stood beside him, who said: ‘You have fulfilled your task very

badly, for you have let the two black wolves damage the Tree of the

Sun. I am the mother of the Sun, and I command you to ride away from

here at once, and I pronounce sentence of death upon you, for you

proudly let yourself be called the Sun-Hero without having done

anything to deserve the name.’

The youth mounted his horse sadly, and rode home. The people all

thronged round him on his return, anxious to hear his adventures, but

he told them nothing, and only to his mother did he confide what had

befallen him. But the old Queen laughed, and said to her son: ‘Don’t

worry, my child; you see, the Fairy has protected you so far, and the

Sun has found no one to kill you. So cheer up and be happy.’

After a time the Prince forgot all about his adventure, and married a

beautiful Princess, with whom he lived very happily for some time. But

one day when he was out hunting he felt very thirsty, and coming to a

stream he stooped down to drink from it, and this caused his death,

for a crab came swimming up, and with its claws tore out his tongue.

He was carried home in a dying condition, and as he lay on his

death-bed the black woman appeared and said: ‘So the Sun has, after

all, found someone, who was not under the Fairy’s spell, who has

caused your death. And a similar fate will overtake everyone under the

Sun who wrongfully assumes a title to which he has no right.’


Story DNA

Moral

Assuming a title or honor without earning it can lead to a tragic downfall, as fate will eventually catch up to those who live a lie.

Plot Summary

A prince, known as the Sun-Hero, is sent on a quest to pluck a golden apple from the Tree of the Sun to truly earn his title. He is tasked by a mysterious Red Girl to guard the tree from black wolves for nine nights, with a warning that failure means death by the Sun. Despite his magical horse's warning, he falls asleep on the eighth night, allowing the wolves to damage the tree, and is condemned by the Sun's Mother. Though he returns home and lives happily for a time, fate catches up to him when a crab attacks him while drinking from a stream, leading to his death, which the Sun's Mother confirms as divine retribution for his unearned pride.

Themes

pride and humilitydestiny and free willconsequences of failurethe nature of heroism

Emotional Arc

hope to despair

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three (implied in 99 days, 9 days/nights), personification of natural elements (Sun, Sun's mother)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs supernatural
Ending: tragic
Magic: talking animals (white horse), prophetic dreams, magical objects (Tree of the Sun, golden apples), supernatural beings (Red Girl, Fairy, Sun's Mother), invisible hands opening doors, magical protection/spells
The Sun-Hero (representing unearned glory, hubris)Tree of the Sun (representing true achievement, divine favor)Golden apples (the reward for true heroism)Red Girl (the messenger of destiny/challenge)Black wolves (obstacles, temptation, forces of chaos)White horse (loyal helper, magical aid)Crab (instrument of fate/divine punishment)

Cultural Context

Origin: Bukowina (a historical region in Central Europe, now split between Romania and Ukraine)
Era: timeless fairy tale

Bukowinaer tales often blend Slavic, German, and Romanian folklore elements, reflecting the region's diverse cultural heritage. The 'Sun-Hero' motif is common in Indo-European mythologies.

Plot Beats (13)

  1. A King and Queen have a clever, beautiful son, beloved and called the Sun-Hero, who wears golden garments and rides a magical white horse.
  2. Both parents have an identical dream of a Red Girl instructing them to send their son to find the Tree of the Sun and pluck a golden apple to earn his title.
  3. The Prince, eager for adventure, sets out on his quest.
  4. After a long journey, guided by an old man, he reaches a golden castle and the Tree of the Sun.
  5. The Red Girl appears, challenging him to guard the tree from two black wolves for nine days and nights, warning that failure means death by the Sun.
  6. The Prince fights the wolves for seven days and nights, growing weary.
  7. His magical white horse speaks, revealing it was given by a Fairy to protect him, and warns him of a forgotten person who could still kill him if he fails.
  8. On the eighth night, the Prince falls asleep, and the wolves damage the tree.
  9. The Sun's Mother, a woman in black, appears, condemns him for his failure and unearned title, and pronounces a death sentence.
  10. The Prince returns home, sad and silent about his failure, confiding only in his mother, who reassures him that the Fairy's protection holds.
  11. The Prince forgets his adventure, marries, and lives happily for a time.
  12. While hunting, he drinks from a stream, and a crab tears out his tongue, causing a mortal wound.
  13. As he lies dying, the Sun's Mother reappears, confirming his death as the Sun's judgment and a lesson against false pride.

Characters

👤

Sun-Hero

human young adult male

Handsome, strong, but ultimately flawed

Attire: Golden garments that shine like the sun, princely attire

Golden garments shimmering in the sunlight

Brave, initially confident, ultimately falls short due to pride and weakness

👤

King

human adult male

Mighty, regal

Attire: Royal robes and crown

Royal crown and scepter

Proud, doting father, easily swayed by dreams

👤

Queen

human adult female

Loving, concerned

Attire: Queenly attire

A worried expression and royal garments

Loving mother, initially hesitant but supportive

✦

Red Girl

magical creature ageless female

Mysterious, ethereal

Attire: Dressed entirely in red

A figure cloaked in vibrant red

Enigmatic, challenging, sets the hero's quest

🐾

White Horse

animal adult unknown

Pure white, fast as the wind, never sleeps

Pure white coat gleaming in the sun

Loyal, helpful, magically gifted

🐾

Black Wolves

animal adult unknown

Wild, menacing, black fur

Pair of glowing red eyes in the dark

Relentless, destructive

✦

Mother of the Sun

magical creature ageless female

Stern, vengeful

Attire: Dressed in black

Figure cloaked in darkness

Judgmental, unforgiving, upholds cosmic justice

🐾

Crab

animal adult unknown

Small, seemingly insignificant, but deadly

A single, menacing claw

Instinctive, deadly

Locations

Golden Castle in the Wilderness

outdoor

A golden castle standing alone in a vast wilderness.

Mood: isolated, magical

The Sun-Hero arrives at the Tree of the Sun and is tasked with guarding it.

golden castle vast wilderness noiseless door invisible hands

Meadow with the Sun-Tree

outdoor

A great meadow where the Sun-Tree grows.

Mood: magical, dangerous

The Sun-Hero guards the tree for nine days and nights, ultimately failing.

Sun-Tree golden apples two black wolves sword

Stream in the Hunting Grounds

outdoor

A stream in the hunting grounds.

Mood: peaceful, deceptive

The Sun-Hero dies when a crab tears out his tongue as he drinks from the stream.

stream crab hunting grounds