The Death of the Sun-hero
by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book
Original Story
THE DEATH OF THE SUN-HERO[27]
Many, many thousand years ago there lived a mighty King whom heaven
had blessed with a clever and beautiful son. When he was only ten
years old the boy was cleverer than all the King’s counsellors put
together, and when he was twenty he was the greatest hero in the whole
kingdom. His father could not make enough of his son, and always had
him clothed in golden garments which shone and sparkled like the sun;
and his mother gave him a white horse, which never slept, and which
flew like the wind. All the people in the land loved him dearly, and
called him the Sun-Hero, for they did not think his like existed under
the sun. Now it happened one night that both his parents had the same
extraordinary dream. They dreamt that a girl all dressed in red had
come to them and said: ‘If you wish that your son should really become
the Sun-Hero in deed and not only in name, let him go out into the
world and search for the Tree of the Sun, and when he has found it,
let him pluck a golden apple from it and bring it home.’
When the King and Queen had each related their dreams to the other,
they were much amazed that they should both have dreamt exactly the
same about their son, and the King said to his wife, ‘This is clearly
a sign from heaven that we should send our son out into the world in
order that he may come home the great Sun-Hero, as the Red Girl said,
not only in name but in deed.’
The Queen consented with many tears, and the King at once bade his son
set forth in search of the Tree of the Sun, from which he was to pluck
a golden apple. The Prince was delighted at the prospect, and set out
on his travels that very day.
[Footnote 27: From the Bukowinaer Tales and Legends. Von Wliolocki.]
For a long time he wandered all through the world, and it was not till
the ninety-ninth day after he started that he found an old man who was
able to tell him where the Tree of the Sun grew. He followed his
directions, and rode on his way, and after another ninety-nine days he
arrived at a golden castle, which stood in the middle of a vast
wilderness. He knocked at the door, which was opened noiselessly and
by invisible hands. Finding no one about, the Prince rode on, and came
to a great meadow, where the Sun-Tree grew. When he reached the tree
he put out his hand to pick a golden apple; but all of a sudden the
tree grew higher, so that he could not reach its fruit. Then he heard
some one behind him laughing. Turning round, he saw the girl in red
walking towards him, who addressed him in these words:
‘Do you really imagine, brave son of the earth, that you can pluck an
apple so easily from the Tree of the Sun? Before you can do that, you
have a difficult task before you. You must guard the tree for nine
days and nine nights from the ravages of two wild black wolves, who
will try to harm it. Do you think you can undertake this?’
[Illustration: The Sun-hero Guards the Apples of the Sun]
‘Yes,’ answered the Sun-Hero, ‘I will guard the Tree of the Sun nine
days and nine nights.’
Then the girl continued: ‘Remember, though, if you do not succeed the
Sun will kill you. Now begin your watch.’
With these words the Red Girl went back into the golden castle. She
had hardly left him when the two black wolves appeared: but the
Sun-Hero beat them off with his sword, and they retired, only,
however, to reappear in a very short time. The Sun-Hero chased them
away once more, but he had hardly sat down to rest when the two black
wolves were on the scene again. This went on for seven days and
nights, when the white horse, who had never done such a thing before,
turned to the Sun-Hero and said in a human voice: ‘Listen to what I am
going to say. A Fairy gave me to your mother in order that I might be
of service to you; so let me tell you, that if you go to sleep and let
the wolves harm the tree, the Sun will surely kill you. The Fairy,
foreseeing this, put everyone in the world under a spell, which
prevents their obeying the Sun’s command to take your life. But all
the same, she has forgotten one person, who will certainly kill you if
you fall asleep and let the wolves damage the tree. So watch and keep
the wolves away.’
Then the Sun-Hero strove with all his might and kept the black wolves
at bay, and conquered his desire to sleep; but on the eighth night his
strength failed him, and he fell fast asleep. When he awoke a woman in
black stood beside him, who said: ‘You have fulfilled your task very
badly, for you have let the two black wolves damage the Tree of the
Sun. I am the mother of the Sun, and I command you to ride away from
here at once, and I pronounce sentence of death upon you, for you
proudly let yourself be called the Sun-Hero without having done
anything to deserve the name.’
The youth mounted his horse sadly, and rode home. The people all
thronged round him on his return, anxious to hear his adventures, but
he told them nothing, and only to his mother did he confide what had
befallen him. But the old Queen laughed, and said to her son: ‘Don’t
worry, my child; you see, the Fairy has protected you so far, and the
Sun has found no one to kill you. So cheer up and be happy.’
After a time the Prince forgot all about his adventure, and married a
beautiful Princess, with whom he lived very happily for some time. But
one day when he was out hunting he felt very thirsty, and coming to a
stream he stooped down to drink from it, and this caused his death,
for a crab came swimming up, and with its claws tore out his tongue.
He was carried home in a dying condition, and as he lay on his
death-bed the black woman appeared and said: ‘So the Sun has, after
all, found someone, who was not under the Fairy’s spell, who has
caused your death. And a similar fate will overtake everyone under the
Sun who wrongfully assumes a title to which he has no right.’
Story DNA
Moral
Assuming a title or honor without earning it can lead to a tragic downfall, as fate will eventually catch up to those who live a lie.
Plot Summary
A prince, known as the Sun-Hero, is sent on a quest to pluck a golden apple from the Tree of the Sun to truly earn his title. He is tasked by a mysterious Red Girl to guard the tree from black wolves for nine nights, with a warning that failure means death by the Sun. Despite his magical horse's warning, he falls asleep on the eighth night, allowing the wolves to damage the tree, and is condemned by the Sun's Mother. Though he returns home and lives happily for a time, fate catches up to him when a crab attacks him while drinking from a stream, leading to his death, which the Sun's Mother confirms as divine retribution for his unearned pride.
Themes
Emotional Arc
hope to despair
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Bukowinaer tales often blend Slavic, German, and Romanian folklore elements, reflecting the region's diverse cultural heritage. The 'Sun-Hero' motif is common in Indo-European mythologies.
Plot Beats (13)
- A King and Queen have a clever, beautiful son, beloved and called the Sun-Hero, who wears golden garments and rides a magical white horse.
- Both parents have an identical dream of a Red Girl instructing them to send their son to find the Tree of the Sun and pluck a golden apple to earn his title.
- The Prince, eager for adventure, sets out on his quest.
- After a long journey, guided by an old man, he reaches a golden castle and the Tree of the Sun.
- The Red Girl appears, challenging him to guard the tree from two black wolves for nine days and nights, warning that failure means death by the Sun.
- The Prince fights the wolves for seven days and nights, growing weary.
- His magical white horse speaks, revealing it was given by a Fairy to protect him, and warns him of a forgotten person who could still kill him if he fails.
- On the eighth night, the Prince falls asleep, and the wolves damage the tree.
- The Sun's Mother, a woman in black, appears, condemns him for his failure and unearned title, and pronounces a death sentence.
- The Prince returns home, sad and silent about his failure, confiding only in his mother, who reassures him that the Fairy's protection holds.
- The Prince forgets his adventure, marries, and lives happily for a time.
- While hunting, he drinks from a stream, and a crab tears out his tongue, causing a mortal wound.
- As he lies dying, the Sun's Mother reappears, confirming his death as the Sun's judgment and a lesson against false pride.
Characters
Sun-Hero
Handsome, strong, but ultimately flawed
Attire: Golden garments that shine like the sun, princely attire
Brave, initially confident, ultimately falls short due to pride and weakness
King
Mighty, regal
Attire: Royal robes and crown
Proud, doting father, easily swayed by dreams
Queen
Loving, concerned
Attire: Queenly attire
Loving mother, initially hesitant but supportive
Red Girl
Mysterious, ethereal
Attire: Dressed entirely in red
Enigmatic, challenging, sets the hero's quest
White Horse
Pure white, fast as the wind, never sleeps
Loyal, helpful, magically gifted
Black Wolves
Wild, menacing, black fur
Relentless, destructive
Mother of the Sun
Stern, vengeful
Attire: Dressed in black
Judgmental, unforgiving, upholds cosmic justice
Crab
Small, seemingly insignificant, but deadly
Instinctive, deadly
Locations
Golden Castle in the Wilderness
A golden castle standing alone in a vast wilderness.
Mood: isolated, magical
The Sun-Hero arrives at the Tree of the Sun and is tasked with guarding it.
Meadow with the Sun-Tree
A great meadow where the Sun-Tree grows.
Mood: magical, dangerous
The Sun-Hero guards the tree for nine days and nights, ultimately failing.
Stream in the Hunting Grounds
A stream in the hunting grounds.
Mood: peaceful, deceptive
The Sun-Hero dies when a crab tears out his tongue as he drinks from the stream.