The Golden Crab
by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book
Original Story
the Golden Crab.
‘What! You can speak, can you, you ridiculous crab?’ she said, for she
was not quite pleased at the Crab’s remarks. Then she took him up and
placed him on a dish.
When her husband came home and they sat down to dinner, they presently
heard the Crab’s little voice saying, ‘Give me some too.’ They were
all very much surprised, but they gave him something to eat. When the
old man came to take away the plate which had contained the Crab’s
dinner, he found it full of gold, and as the same thing happened every
day he soon became very fond of the Crab.
One day the Crab said to the fisherman’s wife, ‘Go to the King and
tell him I wish to marry his younger daughter.’
[Footnote 5: ‘Prinz Krebs,’ from Griechische Mährchen. Schmidt.]
The old woman went accordingly, and laid the matter before the King,
who laughed a little at the notion of his daughter marrying a crab,
but did not decline the proposal altogether, because he was a prudent
monarch, and knew that the Crab was likely to be a prince in disguise.
He said, therefore, to the fisherman’s wife, ‘Go, old woman, and tell
the Crab I will give him my daughter if by to-morrow morning he can
build a wall in front of my castle much higher than my tower, upon
which all the flowers of the world must grow and bloom.’
The fisherman’s wife went home and gave this message.
[Illustration: Let down Let Down thy Petticoat That Lets thy Feet be
Seen]
Then the Crab gave her a golden rod, and said, ‘Go and strike with
this rod three times upon the ground on the place which the King
showed you, and to-morrow morning the wall will be there.’
The old woman did so and went away again.
The next morning, when the King awoke, what do you think he saw? The
wall stood there before his eyes, exactly as he had bespoken it!
Then the old woman went back to the King and said to him, ‘Your
Majesty’s orders have been fulfilled.’
‘That is all very well,’ said the King, ‘but I cannot give away my
daughter until there stands in front of my palace a garden in which
there are three fountains, of which the first must play gold, the
second diamonds, and the third brilliants.’
[Illustration: The fisherman brings the crab on the golden cushion]
So the old woman had to strike again three times upon the ground with
the rod, and the next morning the garden was there. The King now gave
his consent, and the wedding was fixed for the very next day.
Then the Crab said to the old fisherman, ‘Now take this rod; go and
knock with it on a certain mountain; then a black man[6] will come out
and ask you what you wish for. Answer him thus: “Your master, the
King, has sent me to tell you that you must send him his golden
garment that is like the sun.” Make him give you, besides, the queenly
robes of gold and precious stones which are like the flowery meadows,
and bring them both to me. And bring me also the golden cushion.’
[Footnote 6: Ein Mohr.]
The old man went and did his errand. When he had brought the precious
robes, the Crab put on the golden garment and then crept upon the
golden cushion, and in this way the fisherman carried him to the
castle, where the Crab presented the other garment to his bride. Now
the ceremony took place, and when the married pair were alone together
the Crab made himself known to his young wife, and told her how he was
the son of the greatest king in the world, and how he was enchanted,
so that he became a crab by day and was a man only at night; and he
could also change himself into an eagle as often as he wished. No
sooner had he said this than he shook himself, and immediately became
a handsome youth, but the next morning he was forced to creep back
again into his crab-shell. And the same thing happened every day. But
the Princess’s affection for the Crab, and the polite attention with
which she behaved to him, surprised the royal family very much. They
suspected some secret, but though they spied and spied, they could not
discover it. Thus a year passed away, and the Princess had a son, whom
she called Benjamin. But her mother still thought the whole matter
very strange. At last she said to the King that he ought to ask his
daughter whether she would not like to have another husband instead of
the Crab? But when the daughter was questioned she only answered:
‘I am married to the Crab, and him only will I have.’
Then the King said to her, ‘I will appoint a tournament in your
honour, and I will invite all the princes in the world to it, and if
any one of them pleases you, you shall marry him.’
In the evening the Princess told this to the Crab, who said to her,
‘Take this rod, go to the garden gate and knock with it, then a black
man will come out and say to you, “Why have you called me, and what do
you require of me?” Answer him thus: “Your master the King has sent me
hither to tell you to send him his golden armour and his steed and the
silver apple.” And bring them to me.’
The Princess did so, and brought him what he desired.
The following evening the Prince dressed himself for the tournament.
Before he went he said to his wife, ‘Now mind you do not say when you
see me that I am the Crab. For if you do this evil will come of it.
Place yourself at the window with your sisters; I will ride by and
throw you the silver apple. Take it in your hand, but if they ask you
who I am, say that you do not know.’ So saying, he kissed her,
repeated his warning once more, and went away.
The Princess went with her sisters to the window and looked on at the
tournament. Presently her husband rode by and threw the apple up to
her. She caught it in her hand and went with it to her room, and
by-and-by her husband came back to her. But her father was much
surprised that she did not seem to care about any of the Princes; he
therefore appointed a second tournament.
The Crab then gave his wife the same directions as before, only this
time the apple which she received from the black man was of gold. But
before the Prince went to the tournament he said to his wife, ‘Now I
know you will betray me to-day.’
But she swore to him that she would not tell who he was. He then
repeated his warning and went away.
In the evening, while the Princess, with her mother and sisters, was
standing at the window, the Prince suddenly galloped past on his steed
and threw her the golden apple.
Then her mother flew into a passion, gave her a box on the ear, and
cried out, ‘Does not even that prince please you, you fool?’
The Princess in her fright exclaimed, ‘That is the Crab himself!’
Her mother was still more angry because she had not been told sooner,
ran into her daughter’s room where the crab-shell was still lying,
took it up and threw it into the fire. Then the poor Princess cried
bitterly, but it was of no use; her husband did not come back.
Now we must leave the Princess and turn to the other persons in the
story. One day an old man went to a stream to dip in a crust of bread
which he was going to eat, when a dog came out of the water, snatched
the bread from his hand, and ran away. The old man ran after him, but
the dog reached a door, pushed it open, and ran in, the old man
following him. He did not overtake the dog, but found himself above a
staircase, which he descended. Then he saw before him a stately
palace, and, entering, he found in a large hall a table set for twelve
persons. He hid himself in the hall behind a great picture, that he
might see what would happen. At noon he heard a great noise, so that
he trembled with fear. When he took courage to look out from behind
the picture, he saw twelve eagles flying in. At this sight his fear
became still greater. The eagles flew to the basin of a fountain that
was there and bathed themselves, when suddenly they were changed into
twelve handsome youths. Now they seated themselves at the table, and
one of them took up a goblet filled with wine, and said, ‘A health to
my father!’ And another said, ‘A health to my mother!’ and so the
healths went round. Then one of them said:
‘A health to my dearest lady,
Long may she live and well!
But a curse on the cruel mother
That burnt my golden shell!’
[Illustration: The Prince Throws the Apple To the Princess]
And so saying he wept bitterly. Then the youths rose from the table,
went back to the great stone fountain, turned themselves into eagles
again, and flew away.
Then the old man went away too, returned to the light of day, and went
home. Soon after he heard that the Princess was ill, and that the only
thing that did her good was having stories told to her. He therefore
went to the royal castle, obtained an audience of the Princess, and
told her about the strange things he had seen in the underground
palace. No sooner had he finished than the Princess asked him whether
he could find the way to that palace.
‘Yes,’ he answered, ‘certainly.’
And now she desired him to guide her thither at once. The old man did
so, and when they came to the palace he hid her behind the great
picture and advised her to keep quite still, and he placed himself
behind the picture also. Presently the eagles came flying in, and
changed themselves into young men, and in a moment the Princess
recognised her husband amongst them all, and tried to come out of her
hiding-place; but the old man held her back. The youths seated
themselves at the table; and now the Prince said again, while he took
up the cup of wine:
‘A health to my dearest lady,
Long may she live and well!
But a curse on the cruel mother
That burnt my golden shell!’
Then the Princess could restrain herself no longer, but ran forward
and threw her arms round her husband. And immediately he knew her
again, and said:
‘Do you remember how I told you that day that you would betray me? Now
you see that I spoke the truth. But all that bad time is past. Now
listen to me: I must still remain enchanted for three months. Will you
stay here with me till that time is over?’
So the Princess stayed with him, and said to the old man, ‘Go back to
the castle and tell my parents that I am staying here.’
Her parents were very much vexed when the old man came back and told
them this, but as soon as the three months of the Prince’s enchantment
were over, he ceased to be an eagle and became once more a man, and
they returned home together. And then they lived happily, and we who
hear the story are happier still.
THE IRON STOVE[7]
Once upon a time when wishes came true there was a king’s son who was
enchanted by an old witch, so that he was obliged to sit in a large
iron stove in a wood. There he lived for many years, and no one could
free him. At last a king’s daughter came into the wood; she had lost
her way, and could not find her father’s kingdom again. She had been
wandering round and round for nine days, and she came at last to the
iron case. A voice came from within and asked her, ‘Where do you come
from, and where do you want to go?’ She answered, ‘I have lost my way
to my father’s kingdom, and I shall never get home again.’ Then the
voice from the iron stove said, ‘I will help you to find your home
again, and that in a very short time, if you will promise to do what I
ask you. I am a greater prince than you are a princess, and I will
marry you.’ Then she grew frightened, and thought, ‘What can a young
lassie do with an iron stove?’ But as she wanted very much to go home
to her father, she promised to do what he wished. He said, ‘You must
come again, and bring a knife with you to scrape a hole in the iron.’
[Footnote 7: Grimm.]
Then he gave her someone for a guide, who walked near her and said
nothing, but he brought her in two hours to her house. There was great
joy in the castle when the Princess came back, and the old King fell
on her neck and kissed her. But she was very much troubled, and said,
‘Dear father, listen to what has befallen me! I should never have come
home again out of the great wild wood if I had not come to an iron
stove, to whom I have had to promise that I will go back to free him
and marry him!’ The old King was so frightened that he nearly fainted,
for she was his only daughter. So they consulted together, and
determined that the miller’s daughter, who was very beautiful, should
take her place. They took her there, gave her a knife, and said she
must scrape at the iron stove. She scraped for twenty-four hours, but
did not make the least impression. When the day broke, a voice called
from the iron stove, ‘It seems to me that it is day outside.’ Then she
answered, ‘It seems so to me; I think I hear my father’s mill
rattling.’
[Illustration: You Are Mine & I Am Thine—The Iron Stove]
‘So you are a miller’s daughter! Then go away at once, and tell the
King’s daughter to come.’
Then she went away, and told the old King that the thing inside the
iron stove would not have her, but wanted the Princess. The old King
was frightened, and his daughter wept. But they had a swineherd’s
daughter who was even more beautiful than the miller’s daughter, and
they gave her a piece of gold to go to the iron stove instead of the
Princess. Then she was taken out, and had to scrape for
four-and-twenty hours, but she could make no impression. As soon as
the day broke the voice from the stove called out, ‘It seems to be
daylight outside.’ Then she answered, ‘It seems so to me too; I think
I hear my father blowing his horn.’ ‘So you are a swineherd’s
daughter! Go away at once, and let the King’s daughter come. And say
to her that what I foretell shall come to pass, and if she does not
come everything in the kingdom shall fall into ruin, and not one stone
shall be left upon another.’ When the Princess heard this she began to
cry, but it was no good; she had to keep her word. She took leave of
her father, put a knife in her belt, and went to the iron stove in the
wood. As soon as she reached it she began to scrape, and the iron gave
way and before two hours had passed she had made a little hole. Then
she peeped in and saw such a beautiful youth all shining with gold and
precious stones that she fell in love with him on the spot. So she
scraped away harder than ever, and made the hole so large that he
could get out. Then he said, ‘You are mine, and I am thine; you are my
bride and have set me free!’ He wanted to take her with him to his
kingdom, but she begged him just to let her go once more to her
father; and the Prince let her go, but told her not to say more than
three words to her father, then to come back again. So she went home,
but alas! she said more than three words; and immediately the iron
stove vanished and went away over a mountain of glass and sharp
swords. But the Prince was free, and was no longer shut up in it. Then
she said good-bye to her father, and took a little money with her, and
went again into the great wood to look for the iron stove; but she
could not find it. She sought it for nine days, and then her hunger
became so great that she did not know how she could live any longer.
And when it was evening she climbed a little tree and wished that the
night would not come, because she was afraid of the wild beasts. When
midnight came she saw afar off a little light, and thought, ‘Ah! if
only I could reach that!’ Then she got down from the tree and went
towards the light. She came to a little old house with a great deal of
grass growing round, and stood in front of a little heap of wood. She
thought, ‘Alas! what am I coming to?’ and peeped through the window;
but she saw nothing inside except big and little toads, and a table
beautifully spread with roast meats and wine, and all the dishes and
drinking-cups were of silver. Then she took heart and knocked. Then a
fat toad called out:
‘Little green toad with leg like crook,
Open wide the door, and look
Who it was the latch that shook.’
And a little toad came forward and let her in. When she entered they
all bid her welcome, and made her sit down. They asked her how she
came there and what she wanted. Then she told everything that had
happened to her, and how, because she had exceeded her permission only
to speak three words, the stove had disappeared with the Prince; and
how she had searched a very long time, and must wander over mountain
and valley till she found him.
Then the old toad said:
‘Little green toad whose leg doth twist,
Go to the corner of which you wist,
And bring to me the large old kist.’
And the little toad went and brought out a great chest. Then they gave
her food and drink, and led her to a beautifully made bed of silk and
samite, on which she lay down and slept soundly. When the day dawned
she arose, and the old toad gave her three things out of the huge
chest to take with her. She would have need of them, for she had to
cross a high glass mountain, three cutting swords, and a great lake.
When she had passed these she would find her lover again. So she was
given three large needles, a plough-wheel, and three nuts, which she
was to take great care of. She set out with these things, and when she
came to the glass mountain which was so slippery she stuck the three
needles behind her feet and then in front, and so got over it, and
when she was on the other side put them carefully away.
Then she reached the three cutting swords, and got on her plough-wheel
and rolled over them. At last she came to a great lake, and, when she
had crossed that, arrived at a beautiful castle. She went in and gave
herself out as a servant, a poor maid who would gladly be engaged. But
she knew that the Prince whom she had freed from the iron stove in the
great wood was in the castle. So she was taken on as a kitchenmaid for
very small wages. Now the Prince was about to marry another princess,
for he thought she was dead long ago.
[Illustration: ‘Then she reached the three cutting swords, and got on
her plough-wheel and rolled over them’]
In the evening, when she had washed up and was ready, she felt in her
pocket and found the three nuts which the old toad had given her. She
cracked one and was going to eat the kernel, when behold! there was a
beautiful royal dress inside it! When the bride heard of this, she
came and begged for the dress, and wanted to buy it, saying that it
was not a dress for a serving-maid. Then she said she would not sell
it unless she was granted one favour—namely, to sleep by the Prince’s
door. The bride granted her this, because the dress was so beautiful
and she had so few like it. When it was evening she said to her
bridegroom, ‘That stupid maid wants to sleep by your door.’
‘If you are contented, I am,’ he said. But she gave him a glass of
wine in which she had poured a sleeping-draught. Then they both went
to his room, but he slept so soundly that she could not wake him. The
maid wept all night long, and said, ‘I freed you in the wild wood out
of the iron stove; I have sought you, and have crossed a glassy
mountain, three sharp swords, and a great lake before I found you, and
will you not hear me now?’ The servants outside heard how she cried
the whole night, and they told their master in the morning.
When she had washed up the next evening she bit the second nut, and
there was a still more beautiful dress inside. When the bride saw it
she wanted to buy it also. But the maid did not want money, and asked
that she should sleep again by the Prince’s door. The bride, however,
gave him a sleeping-draught, and he slept so soundly that he heard
nothing. But the kitchenmaid wept the whole night long, and said, ‘I
have freed you in a wood and from an iron stove; I sought you and have
crossed a glassy mountain, three sharp swords, and a great lake to
find you, and now you will not hear me!’ The servants outside heard
how she cried the whole night, and in the morning they told their
master. And when she had washed up on the third night she bit the
third nut, and there was a still more beautiful dress inside that was
made of pure gold. When the bride saw it she wanted to have it, but
the maid would only give it her on condition that she should sleep for
the third time by the Prince’s door. But the Prince took care not to
drink the sleeping-draught. When she began to weep and to say,
‘Dearest sweetheart, I freed you in the horrible wild wood, and from
an iron stove,’ he jumped up and said, ‘You are right. You are mine,
and I am thine.’ Though it was still night, he got into a carriage
with her, and they took the false bride’s clothes away, so that she
could not follow them. When they came to the great lake they rowed
across, and when they reached the three sharp swords they sat on the
plough-wheel, and on the glassy mountain they stuck the three needles
in. So they arrived at last at the little old house, but when they
stepped inside it turned into a large castle. The toads were all
freed, and were beautiful King’s children, running about for joy.
There they were married, and they remained in the castle, which was
much larger than that of the Princess’s father’s. But because the old
man did not like being left alone, they went and fetched him. So they
had two kingdoms and lived in great wealth.
A mouse has run,
My story’s done.
Story DNA
Moral
True love and perseverance can overcome enchantments and obstacles, but heed warnings, for words can have powerful, unforeseen consequences.
Plot Summary
A golden crab, an enchanted prince, proposes marriage to a king's daughter and fulfills impossible tasks to win her. He reveals his human form at night, warning her not to betray his secret. When she accidentally does, his crab-shell is destroyed, and he disappears, becoming an eagle. The Princess embarks on a long, arduous quest, guided by magical toads, overcoming perilous obstacles to find him. Disguised as a kitchenmaid, she uses magical dresses to gain access to the Prince, who is about to marry another, and on the third night, breaks his enchantment, leading to their reunion, marriage, and a life of wealth in a transformed castle.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang collected this tale, 'Prinz Krebs,' from 'Griechische Mährchen' by Schmidt, indicating a potential Greek origin or influence, though it shares common motifs with German and other European fairy tales.
Plot Beats (17)
- A fisherman's wife finds a talking crab that produces gold, making them rich.
- The Crab asks the King for his younger daughter's hand in marriage, and the King sets impossible tasks.
- The Crab uses a golden rod to magically build a wall and a garden, fulfilling the King's demands.
- The Crab, carried on a golden cushion, marries the Princess and reveals he is an enchanted prince, human at night, warning her not to reveal his secret.
- A year passes, they have a son, and the King, suspicious, arranges a tournament for his daughter to choose a new husband.
- The Prince participates in the tournament in human form, throwing a silver apple to his wife, warning her not to reveal his identity.
- During a second tournament, the Prince throws a golden apple, and the Princess, pressured by her mother, accidentally reveals he is the Crab.
- The Queen throws the crab-shell into the fire, causing the Prince to disappear, leaving the Princess heartbroken.
- An old man, following a dog, discovers a palace where twelve eagles transform into youths, one of whom is the Prince, now enchanted to be an eagle.
- The Princess, now a swineherd's daughter, is summoned by the Prince (still an eagle) and told to free him from an iron stove.
- The Princess scrapes at the iron stove, freeing the Prince, but then disobeys his warning not to speak more than three words to her father, causing the stove to vanish with the Prince still inside.
- The Princess embarks on a nine-day search, finds a house of toads, and receives magical items (needles, plough-wheel, nuts) to overcome obstacles.
- She crosses a glass mountain, three cutting swords, and a lake, arriving at a castle where the Prince is about to marry another princess.
- Disguised as a kitchenmaid, she uses the magical nuts to produce three increasingly beautiful dresses, each time requesting to sleep by the Prince's door.
- On the third night, the Prince avoids the sleeping-draught, hears her lament, recognizes her, and they escape together.
- They return to the toad house, which transforms into a grand castle, and the toads become freed royal children.
- The Prince and Princess marry, fetch her father, and live happily ever after, ruling two kingdoms.
Characters
The Golden Crab
A golden crab that transforms into a handsome youth and an eagle.
Attire: Golden garment like the sun, queenly robes of gold and precious stones, golden armor, and fine princely attire when in human form.
Enchanted, regal, resourceful, loving.
The Princess
Not explicitly described, but implied to be beautiful as a princess.
Attire: Royal gowns, wedding dress, and eventually the golden garment from the Crab.
Loyal, loving, patient, obedient (initially).
The Fisherman's Wife
Old and likely wrinkled from a life of labor.
Attire: Simple peasant dress, likely made of coarse fabric in muted colors.
Obedient, helpful, somewhat surprised by the magical events.
The King
Not explicitly described, but implied to be regal.
Attire: Royal robes and crown.
Prudent, skeptical, concerned with appearances.
Benjamin
Baby
Attire: Baby
Baby
Locations
Fisherman's Cottage
A simple dwelling where the fisherman and his wife live. It becomes filled with gold due to the crab.
Mood: humble, later prosperous
The crab is brought home and begins producing gold.
King's Castle
A grand castle with a high tower. It is surrounded by a wall covered in flowers, and a garden with fountains of gold, diamonds, and brilliants.
Mood: royal, demanding, magical
The crab fulfills the King's impossible tasks to win his daughter's hand.
Little Old House (Toad's House)
A small, unassuming house covered in grass, initially appearing poor. Inside, it is lavishly furnished with silver dishes and populated by toads.
Mood: deceptive, magical, welcoming
The princess receives magical items to help her rescue the prince.
Glass Mountain
A tall, slippery mountain made of glass.
Mood: treacherous, magical
The princess uses needles to climb the mountain.
Castle of the Enchanted Prince
A castle where the prince is about to marry another princess, with a kitchen where the main character works as a kitchen maid.
Mood: deceptive, tense
The princess reveals herself and breaks the enchantment.