The Swineherd
by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book
Original Story
THE SWINEHERD
There was once a poor Prince. He possessed a kingdom which, though
small, was yet large enough for him to marry on, and married he wished
to be.
Now it was certainly a little audacious of him to venture to say to
the Emperor’s daughter, ‘Will you marry me?’ But he did venture to say
so, for his name was known far and wide. There were hundreds of
princesses who would gladly have said ‘Yes,’ but would she say the
same?
Well, we shall see.
On the grave of the Prince’s father grew a rose-tree, a very beautiful
rose-tree. It only bloomed every five years, and then bore but a
single rose, but oh, such a rose! Its scent was so sweet that when you
smelt it you forgot all your cares and troubles. And he had also a
nightingale which could sing as if all the beautiful melodies in the
world were shut up in its little throat. This rose and this
nightingale the Princess was to have, and so they were both put into
silver caskets and sent to her.
The Emperor had them brought to him in the great hall, where the
Princess was playing ‘Here comes a duke a-riding’ with her
ladies-in-waiting. And when she caught sight of the big caskets which
contained the presents, she clapped her hands for joy.
‘If only it were a little pussy-cat!’ she said. But the rose-tree with
the beautiful rose came out.
‘But how prettily it is made!’ said all the ladies-in-waiting.
‘It is more than pretty,’ said the Emperor, ‘it is charming!’
But the Princess felt it, and then she almost began to cry.
‘Ugh! Papa,’ she said, ‘it is not artificial, it is real!’
‘Ugh!’ said all the ladies-in-waiting, ‘it is real!’
‘Let us see first what is in the other casket before we begin to be
angry,’ thought the Emperor, and there came out the nightingale. It
sang so beautifully that one could scarcely utter a cross word against
it.
‘Superbe! charmant!’ said the ladies-in-waiting, for they all
chattered French, each one worse than the other.
‘How much the bird reminds me of the musical snuff-box of the late
Empress!’ said an old courtier. ‘Ah, yes, it is the same tone, the
same execution!’
‘Yes,’ said the Emperor; and then he wept like a little child.
‘I hope that this, at least, is not real?’ asked the Princess.
‘Yes, it is a real bird,’ said those who had brought it.
‘Then let the bird fly away,’ said the Princess; and she would not on
any account allow the Prince to come.
But he was nothing daunted. He painted his face brown and black, drew
his cap well over his face, and knocked at the door. ‘Good-day,
Emperor,’ he said. ‘Can I get a place here as servant in the castle?’
‘Yes,’ said the Emperor, ‘but there are so many who ask for a place
that I don’t know whether there will be one for you; but, still, I
will think of you. Stay, it has just occurred to me that I want
someone to look after the swine, for I have so very many of them.’
And the Prince got the situation of Imperial Swineherd. He had a
wretched little room close to the pigsties; here he had to stay, but
the whole day he sat working, and when evening was come he had made a
pretty little pot. All round it were little bells, and when the pot
boiled they jingled most beautifully and played the old tune—
‘Where is Augustus dear?
Alas! he’s not here, here, here!’
But the most wonderful thing was, that when one held one’s finger in
the steam of the pot, then at once one could smell what dinner was
ready in any fire-place in the town. That was indeed something quite
different from the rose.
Now the Princess came walking past with all her ladies-in-waiting, and
when she heard the tune she stood still and her face beamed with joy,
for she also could play ‘Where is Augustus dear?’
It was the only tune she knew, but that she could play with one
finger.
[Illustration: The Swineherd Takes the Ten Kisses]
‘Why, that is what I play!’ she said. ‘He must be a most accomplished
Swineherd! Listen! Go down and ask him what the instrument costs.’
And one of the ladies-in-waiting had to go down; but she put on wooden
clogs. ‘What will you take for the pot?’ asked the lady-in-waiting.
‘I will have ten kisses from the Princess,’ answered the Swineherd.
‘Heaven forbid!’ said the lady-in-waiting.
‘Yes, I will sell it for nothing less,’ replied the Swineherd.
‘Well, what does he say?’ asked the Princess.
‘I really hardly like to tell you,’ answered the lady-in-waiting.
‘Oh, then you can whisper it to me.’
‘He is disobliging!’ said the Princess, and went away. But she had
only gone a few steps when the bells rang out so prettily—
‘Where is Augustus dear?
Alas! he’s not here, here, here.’
‘Listen!’ said the Princess. ‘Ask him whether he will take ten kisses
from my ladies-in-waiting.’
‘No, thank you,’ said the Swineherd. ‘Ten kisses from the Princess, or
else I keep my pot.’
‘That is very tiresome!’ said the Princess. ‘But you must put
yourselves in front of me, so that no one can see.’
And the ladies-in-waiting placed themselves in front and then spread
out their dresses; so the Swineherd got his ten kisses, and she got
the pot.
What happiness that was! The whole night and the whole day the pot was
made to boil; there was not a fire-place in the whole town where they
did not know what was being cooked, whether it was at the chancellor’s
or at the shoemaker’s.
The ladies-in-waiting danced and clapped their hands.
‘We know who is going to have soup and pancakes; we know who is going
to have porridge and sausages—isn’t it interesting?’
‘Yes, very interesting!’ said the first lady-in-waiting.
‘But don’t say anything about it, for I am the Emperor’s daughter.’
‘Oh, no, of course we won’t!’ said everyone.
The Swineherd—that is to say, the Prince (though they did not know he
was anything but a true Swineherd)—let no day pass without making
something, and one day he made a rattle which, when it was turned
round, played all the waltzes, galops, and polkas which had ever been
known since the world began.
‘But that is superbe!’ said the Princess as she passed by. ‘I have
never heard a more beautiful composition. Listen! Go down and ask him
what this instrument costs; but I won’t kiss him again.’
‘He wants a hundred kisses from the Princess,’ said the
lady-in-waiting who had gone down to ask him.
‘I believe he is mad!’ said the Princess, and then she went on; but
she had only gone a few steps when she stopped.
‘One ought to encourage art,’ she said. ‘I am the Emperor’s daughter!
Tell him he shall have, as before, ten kisses; the rest he can take
from my ladies-in-waiting.’
‘But we don’t at all like being kissed by him,’ said the
ladies-in-waiting.
‘That’s nonsense,’ said the Princess; ‘and if I can kiss him, you can
too. Besides, remember that I give you board and lodging.’
So the ladies-in-waiting had to go down to him again.
‘A hundred kisses from the Princess,’ said he, ‘or each keeps his
own.’
‘Put yourselves in front of us,’ she said then; and so all the
ladies-in-waiting put themselves in front, and he began to kiss the
Princess.
‘What can that commotion be by the pigsties?’ asked the Emperor, who
was standing on the balcony. He rubbed his eyes and put on his
spectacles. ‘Why those are the ladies-in-waiting playing their games;
I must go down to them.’
So he took off his shoes, which were shoes though he had trodden them
down into slippers. What a hurry he was in, to be sure!
As soon as he came into the yard he walked very softly, and the
ladies-in-waiting were so busy counting the kisses and seeing fair
play that they never noticed the Emperor. He stood on tip-toe.
‘What is that?’ he said, when he saw the kissing; and then he threw
one of his slippers at their heads just as the Swineherd was taking
his eighty-sixth kiss.
‘Be off with you!’ said the Emperor, for he was very angry. And the
Princess and the Swineherd were driven out of the empire.
Then she stood still and wept; the Swineherd was scolding, and the
rain was streaming down.
‘Alas, what an unhappy creature I am!’ sobbed the Princess. ‘If only I
had taken the beautiful Prince! Alas, how unfortunate I am!’
And the Swineherd went behind a tree, washed the black and brown off
his face, threw away his old clothes, and then stepped forward in his
splendid dress, looking so beautiful that the Princess was obliged to
courtesy.
‘I now come to this. I despise you!’ he said. ‘You would have nothing
to do with a noble Prince; you did not understand the rose or the
nightingale, but you could kiss the Swineherd for the sake of a toy.
This is what you get for it!’ And he went into his kingdom and shut
the door in her face, and she had to stay outside singing—
‘Where’s my Augustus dear?
Alas! he’s not here, here, here!’
Story DNA
Moral
True worth and beauty lie not in artificiality or material possessions, but in genuine qualities and appreciation for nature, and superficiality leads to regret.
Plot Summary
A noble but poor Prince sends a vain Princess precious natural gifts, a magical rose and nightingale, which she rejects for being 'real.' He then disguises himself as a swineherd and creates magical toys—a pot that smells food and a rattle that plays all dances—which the Princess eagerly trades kisses for. The Emperor discovers her kissing the swineherd and banishes them both. The Prince then reveals his true identity, scolds the Princess for her superficiality, and abandons her, leaving her to regret her choices and the loss of true love.
Themes
Emotional Arc
pride to humility
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Hans Christian Andersen's tales often critiqued societal vanity and superficiality prevalent in 19th-century European aristocracy, though this particular version is by Andrew Lang.
Plot Beats (14)
- A poor Prince, despite his small kingdom, decides to propose to an Emperor's daughter.
- He sends her two precious, natural gifts: a magical rose that blooms rarely and a nightingale with a beautiful song.
- The Princess and her ladies-in-waiting express disgust for the real, natural gifts, preferring artificiality.
- The Prince, undeterred, disguises himself as a swineherd and gets a job in the Emperor's castle.
- He creates a magical pot that plays a tune and can smell what's cooking in any house in town.
- The Princess, recognizing the pot's tune as the only one she knows, desires it and trades ten kisses with the Swineherd for it, using her ladies-in-waiting as a screen.
- The Swineherd then creates a magical rattle that plays all known dances.
- The Princess, enchanted by the rattle, desires it and agrees to trade a hundred kisses for it, again using her ladies-in-waiting as a screen.
- The Emperor, observing from his balcony, discovers the kissing by the pigsties.
- Enraged, the Emperor banishes both the Princess and the Swineherd from his empire.
- The Princess weeps, regretting her choices and wishing she had accepted the Prince.
- The Prince reveals his true identity, having washed off his disguise and changed into splendid clothes.
- He scolds the Princess for valuing superficial toys over genuine gifts and noble love.
- The Prince returns to his own kingdom, shutting the door on the Princess, leaving her abandoned and remorseful.
Characters
The Prince
Handsome, initially disguised with a painted face
Attire: Initially fine princely attire (unseen), then ragged swineherd's clothes, finally revealed in splendid princely dress
Resourceful, persistent, ultimately judgmental and scornful
The Princess
Not explicitly described, but implied to be attractive due to her status
Attire: Elegant princess gown, jewelry
Frivolous, shallow, easily amused by trinkets, spoiled
The Emperor
Not explicitly described
Attire: Emperor's robes, slippers
Easily swayed, sentimental, oblivious
The Nightingale
Small bird with a beautiful singing voice
Melodious
Ladies-in-waiting
Not explicitly described
Attire: Elegant gowns, jewelry
Gullible, gossipy, obedient
Locations
Prince's Father's Grave
A grave where a rose-tree grows, blooming only every five years and bearing a single, fragrant rose.
Mood: peaceful, melancholic
Origin of the magical rose that the Prince sends to the Princess.
Emperor's Great Hall
A grand hall where the Princess plays with her ladies-in-waiting.
Mood: formal, opulent
The Princess receives the Prince's gifts and rejects them.
Wretched Room by the Pigsties
A small, unpleasant room located near the pigsties where the Prince (as the swineherd) lives.
Mood: desolate, humble
The Prince creates the magical pot and rattle to win the Princess's affection.
Castle Yard by the Pigsties
The area near the pigsties where the Princess and her ladies-in-waiting interact with the swineherd.
Mood: playful, secretive
The Princess kisses the swineherd for the pot and rattle, and the Emperor discovers them.
Outside the Prince's Kingdom
A desolate area outside the Prince's kingdom, where the Princess is left after being rejected.
Mood: desolate, despairing
The Prince reveals his true identity and rejects the Princess, leaving her alone and regretful.