The White Duck
by Andrew Lang · from The Yellow Fairy Book
Original Story
THE WHITE DUCK
Once upon a time a great and powerful King married a lovely Princess.
No couple were ever so happy; but before their honeymoon was over they
were forced to part, for the King had to go on a warlike expedition to
a far country, and leave his young wife alone at home. Bitter were the
tears she shed, while her husband sought in vain to soothe her with
words of comfort and counsel, warning her, above all things, never to
leave the castle, to hold no intercourse with strangers, to beware of
evil counsellors, and especially to be on her guard against strange
women. And the Queen promised faithfully to obey her royal lord and
master in these four matters.
So when the King set out on his expedition she shut herself up with
her ladies in her own apartments, and spent her time in spinning and
weaving, and in thinking of her royal husband. Often she was very sad
and lonely, and it happened that one day while she was seated at the
window, letting salt tears drop on her work, an old woman, a kind,
homely-looking old body, stepped up to the window, and, leaning upon
her crutch, addressed the Queen in friendly, flattering tones, saying:
‘Why are you sad and cast down, fair Queen? You should not mope all
day in your rooms, but should come out into the green garden, and hear
the birds sing with joy among the trees, and see the butterflies
fluttering above the flowers, and hear the bees and insects hum, and
watch the sunbeams chase the dew-drops through the rose-leaves and in
the lily-cups. All the brightness outside would help to drive away
your cares, O Queen.’
[Illustration: The Witch persuades the Queen to bathe]
For long the Queen resisted her coaxing words, remembering the promise
she had given the King, her husband; but at last she thought to
herself: After all, what harm would it do if I were to go into the
garden for a short time and enjoy myself among the trees and flowers,
and the singing birds and fluttering butterflies and humming insects,
and look at the dew-drops hiding from the sunbeams in the hearts of
the roses and lilies, and wander about in the sunshine, instead of
remaining all day in this room? For she had no idea that the
kind-looking old woman leaning on her crutch was in reality a wicked
witch, who envied the Queen her good fortune, and was determined to
ruin her. And so, in all ignorance, the Queen followed her out into
the garden and listened to her smooth, flattering words. Now, in the
middle of the garden there was a pond of water, clear as crystal, and
the old woman said to the Queen:
‘The day is so warm, and the sun’s rays so scorching, that the water
in the pond looks very cool and inviting. Would you not like to bathe
in it, fair Queen?’
‘No, I think not,’ answered the Queen; but the next moment she
regretted her words, and thought to herself: Why shouldn’t I bathe in
that cool, fresh water? No harm could come of it. And, so saying, she
slipped off her robes and stepped into the water. But scarcely had her
tender feet touched the cool ripples when she felt a great shove on
her shoulders, and the wicked witch had pushed her into the deep
water, exclaiming:
‘Swim henceforth, White Duck!’
And the witch herself assumed the form of the Queen, and decked
herself out in the royal robes, and sat among the Court ladies,
awaiting the King’s return. And suddenly the tramp of horses’ hoofs
was heard, and the barking of dogs, and the witch hastened forward to
meet the royal carriages, and, throwing her arms round the King’s
neck, kissed him. And in his great joy the King did not know that the
woman he held in his arms was not his own dear wife, but a wicked
Story DNA
Moral
Disobeying wise counsel, even for seemingly harmless reasons, can lead to dire consequences.
Plot Summary
A newlywed Queen is left alone when her King goes to war, with strict instructions to stay within the castle and avoid strangers. A wicked witch, disguised as a kind old woman, tempts the lonely Queen to venture into the garden and then to bathe in a pond. Despite her initial hesitation, the Queen disobeys her husband's warnings, and as she enters the water, the witch transforms her into a white duck and assumes her identity. The story ends with the King returning and unknowingly embracing the deceptive witch.
Themes
Emotional Arc
joy to sorrow
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Andrew Lang's collections were compilations of folk and fairy tales from various European and global sources, often adapted for a Victorian English audience. This particular tale reflects common European folklore motifs of deceptive witches and magical transformations.
Plot Beats (10)
- A King and Princess marry happily, but the King must leave for war.
- The King warns his Queen to stay in the castle, avoid strangers, and beware of strange women.
- The Queen, lonely, stays in her apartments, but an old woman approaches her window.
- The old woman, a disguised witch, flatters the Queen and coaxes her to come into the garden.
- The Queen, despite her promise, rationalizes that a short walk in the garden would be harmless and follows the witch.
- In the garden, the witch suggests the Queen bathe in a clear pond, citing the warm day.
- The Queen again hesitates but decides to bathe, believing no harm will come of it.
- As the Queen enters the water, the witch shoves her, transforms her into a white duck, and takes her form.
- The witch, disguised as the Queen, awaits the King's return.
- The King returns, and the witch embraces him, successfully deceiving him.
Characters
King
Strong, capable, returning from a warlike expedition
Attire: Royal attire, armor from battle
Loving, trusting, easily deceived
Queen
Lovely, fair
Attire: Royal robes, spinning clothes
Lonely, obedient, naive
Witch
Hag-like, initially disguised as a kind old woman
Attire: Initially, simple, homely clothes; later, the Queen's royal robes
Envious, deceitful, wicked
White Duck
Pure white plumage
Distressed, yearning for her human form
Locations
Castle Apartments
Queen's private rooms where she spins and weaves, filled with thoughts of her husband.
Mood: lonely, sad
The Queen initially resists the witch's temptations while in her apartments.
Green Garden
A vibrant garden filled with trees, flowers, butterflies, bees, and insects.
Mood: inviting, deceptive
The witch coaxes the Queen into the garden with promises of beauty and joy.
Pond in the Garden
A pond of water, clear as crystal, located in the middle of the garden.
Mood: deceptive, dangerous
The witch pushes the Queen into the pond, transforming her into a white duck.