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Jack and His Master

by Joseph Jacobs

Jack and His Master

Clever Jack and the Mean Master

CEFR A1 Age 5 600 words 3 min Canon 92/100

Once, there was a boy named Jack. Jack has two brothers. Jack has a kind mother. His brothers say, "Fool Jack." Jack is clever. He is kind.

Eldest Brother goes to work for Mr. Grey. Mr. Grey is very mean. He gives little food. He makes Eldest Brother work hard. Eldest Brother is so tired. He says, "I am sorry!" Mr. Grey takes his shiny coin. Eldest Brother comes home sad. "Mr. Grey was mean," he says.

Second Brother goes to Mr. Grey too. He wants to help. But Mr. Grey is mean again. Second Brother works and works. He gets very tired. He says, "I am sorry!" Mr. Grey takes his coin too. Second Brother comes home sad and tired.

Mother says, "Be safe, Jack." But Jack smiles. Jack goes to Mr. Grey. "I will work for you," Jack says. They make a deal. Jack adds a rule. "If you blame me, say sorry. If you stop me, give a treat." Mr. Grey laughs. "Fine," he says. Jack smiles. He has a plan.

Mr. Grey says, "Eat up." Jack eats all three. Then Jack eats lunch. Then Jack eats supper. He eats it all at once! Mr. Grey is mad. "Jack! Stop that!" Jack smiles. "You said eat my meals. Do you blame me?" Mr. Grey says, "Sorry." Jack gets a cookie.

Mr. Grey says, "Hold it." Jack keeps it still. He hugs it tight. The plough does not move. Mr. Grey is mad. "Move the plough, Jack!" Jack smiles. "You said hold it. Do you blame me?" Mr. Grey says, "Sorry."

Mr. Grey says, "Watch them." Jack watches one cow. Her name is Browney. The other cows walk away. Mr. Grey is mad. "Watch all the cows!" Jack smiles. "You said watch the cows. I watched Browney. Do you blame me?" Mr. Grey says, "Sorry." Jack smiles big.

The cows are lost. Mr. Grey says, "Look around!" Jack looks up high. He looks in a bucket. He looks in a boot. Mr. Grey is mad. "Not there!" Jack smiles. "You said all places. Do you blame me?" Mr. Grey says, "Sorry."

Mr. Grey says, "Make a path for the sheep." Jack draws a path with sticks. He puts sticks by the sheep's feet. Mr. Grey is mad. "Not with sticks!" Jack smiles. "You said make a path. Do you blame me?" Mr. Grey says, "Sorry." Jack gets a treat.

Mr. Grey goes to a party. He says, "Throw a thing to remind me you are here." Jack throws a little flower. It lands on Mr. Grey's nose. Jack throws one more flower. It lands in Mr. Grey's soup. Mr. Grey is very mad. Jack smiles. "You said throw a thing!"

Mr. Grey is so mad now. His face is red. "I am sorry I met you!" he shouts. Jack smiles big. "You said sorry! The rule says you lose!" They all laugh.

Jack says, "Give treats for my brothers. Give extra cookies for Mother. Or I take your best hat!" Mr. Grey looks at his hat. He loves that hat. He holds it tight. "Fine!" he says. "Take the treats!"

Mr. Grey gives Jack a big basket. It is full of cookies and cakes. "I used toy flowers," Jack says. "Not real ones!" They all laugh. Mr. Grey shakes his head. Even he smiles a little.

Jack goes home. Mother is happy. His brothers are happy. They eat cookies and cakes as one. "Clever Jack saved the day!" they all say. Jack smiles. "Being clever and kind helps!" And the home laughs and eats treats all day long.

Original Story 2597 words · 12 min read

JACK AND HIS MASTER poor woman had three sons. The eldest and second eldest were cunning, clever fellows, but they called the youngest Jack the Fool, because they thought he was no better than a simpleton. The eldest got tired of staying at home, and said he'd go look for service. He stayed away a whole year, and then came back one day, dragging one foot after the other, and a poor wizened face on him, and he as cross as two sticks. When he was rested and got something to eat, he told them how he got service with the Grey Churl of the Townland of Mischance, and that the agreement was, whoever would first say he was sorry for his bargain, should get an inch wide of the skin of his back, from shoulder to hips, taken off. If it was the master, he should also pay double wages; if it was the servant, he should get no wages at all. "But the thief," says he, "gave me so little to eat, and kept me so hard at work, that flesh and blood couldn't stand it; and when he asked me once, when I was in a passion, if I was sorry for my bargain, I was mad enough to say I was, and here I am disabled for life." [199] Vexed enough were the poor mother and brothers; and the second eldest said on the spot he'd go and take service with the Grey Churl, and punish him by all the annoyance he'd give him till he'd make him say he was sorry for his agreement. "Oh, won't I be glad to see the skin coming off the old villain's back!" said he. All they could say had no effect: he started off for the Townland of Mischance, and in a twelvemonth he was back just as miserable and helpless as his brother. All the poor mother could say didn't prevent Jack the Fool from starting to see if he was able to regulate the Grey Churl. He agreed with him for a year for twenty pounds, and the terms were the same. "Now, Jack," said the Grey Churl, "if you refuse to do anything you are able to do, you must lose a month's wages." "I'm satisfied," said Jack; "and if you stop me from doing a thing after telling me to do it, you are to give me an additional month's wages." "I am satisfied," said the master. "Or if you blame me for obeying your orders, you must give the same." "I am satisfied," said the master again. The first day that Jack served he was fed very poorly, and was worked to the saddleskirts. Next day he came in just before the dinner was served up to the parlour. They were taking the goose off the spit, but well becomes Jack he whips a knife off the dresser, and cuts off one side of the breast, one leg [200] and thigh, and one wing, and fell to. In came the master, and began to abuse him for his assurance. "Oh, you know, master, you're to feed me, and wherever the goose goes won't have to be filled again till supper. Are you sorry for our agreement?" The master was going to cry out he was, but he bethought himself in time. "Oh, no, not at all," said he. "That's well," said Jack. Next day Jack was to go clamp turf on the bog. They weren't sorry to have him away from the kitchen at dinner time. He didn't find his breakfast very heavy on his stomach; so he said to the mistress, "I think, ma'am, it will be better for me to get my dinner now, and not lose time coming home from the bog." "That's true, Jack," said she. So she brought out a good cake, and a print of butter, and a bottle of milk, thinking he'd take them away to the bog. But Jack kept his seat, and never drew rein till bread, butter, and milk went down the red lane. "Now, mistress," said he, "I'll be earlier at my work to-morrow if I sleep comfortably on the sheltry side of a pile of dry peat on dry grass, and not be coming here and going back. So you may as well give me my supper, and be done with the day's trouble." She gave him that, thinking he'd take it to the bog; but he fell to on the spot, and did not leave a scrap to tell tales on him; and the mistress was a little astonished. He called to speak to the master in the haggard [201] and said he, "What are servants asked to do in this country after aten their supper?" "Nothing at all, but to go to bed." "Oh, very well, sir." He went up on the stable-loft, stripped, and lay down, and some one that saw him told the master. He came up. "Jack, you anointed scoundrel, what do you mean?" "To go to sleep, master. The mistress, God bless her, is after giving me my breakfast, dinner, and supper, and yourself told me that bed was the next thing. Do you blame me, sir?" "Yes, you rascal, I do." "Hand me out one pound thirteen and fourpence, if you please, sir." "One divil and thirteen imps, you tinker! what for?" "Oh, I see, you've forgot your bargain. Are you sorry for it?" "Oh, ya—no, I mean. I'll give you the money after your nap." Next morning early, Jack asked how he'd be employed that day. "You are to be holding the plough in that fallow, outside the paddock." The master went over about nine o'clock to see what kind of a ploughman was Jack, and what did he see but the little boy driving the bastes, and the sock and coulter of the plough skimming along the sod, and Jack pulling ding-dong again' the horses. "What are you doing, you contrary thief?" said the master. "An' ain't I strivin' to hold this divil of a plough, [202] as you told me; but that ounkrawn of a boy keeps whipping on the bastes in spite of all I say; will you speak to him?" "No, but I'll speak to you. Didn't you know, you bosthoon, that when I said 'holding the plough,' I meant reddening the ground." "Faith, an' if you did, I wish you had said so. Do you blame me for what I have done?" The master caught himself in time, but he was so stomached, he said nothing. "Go on and redden the ground now, you knave, as other ploughmen do." "An' are you sorry for our agreement?" "Oh, not at all, not at all!" Jack ploughed away like a good workman all the rest of the day. In a day or two the master bade him go and mind the cows in a field that had half of it under young corn. "Be sure, particularly," said he, "to keep Browney from the wheat; while she's out of mischief there's no fear of the rest." About noon, he went to see how Jack was doing his duty, and what did he find but Jack asleep with his face to the sod, Browney grazing near a thorn-tree, one end of a long rope round her horns, and the other end round the tree, and the rest of the beasts all trampling and eating the green wheat. Down came the switch on Jack. "Jack, you vagabone, do you see what the cows are at?" "And do you blame me, master?" [203] "To be sure, you lazy sluggard, I do?" "Hand me out one pound thirteen and fourpence, master. You said if I only kept Browney out of mischief, the rest would do no harm. There she is as harmless as a lamb. Are you sorry for hiring me, master?" "To be—that is, not at all. I'll give you your money when you go to dinner. Now, understand me; don't let a cow go out of the field nor into the wheat the rest of the day." "Never fear, master!" and neither did he. But the churl would rather than a great deal he had not hired him. The next day three heifers were missing, and the master bade Jack go in search of them. "Where will I look for them?" said Jack. "Oh, every place likely and unlikely for them all to be in." The churl was getting very exact in his words. When he was coming into the bawn at dinnertime, what work did he find Jack at but pulling armfuls of the thatch off the roof, and peeping into the holes he was making? [204] "What are you doing there, you rascal?" "Sure, I'm looking for the heifers, poor things?" "What would bring them there?" "I don't think anything could bring them in it; but I looked first into the likely places, that is, the cow-houses, and the pastures, and the fields next 'em, and now I'm looking in the unlikeliest place I can think of. Maybe it's not pleasing to you it is." "And to be sure it isn't pleasing to me, you aggravating goose-cap!" "Please, sir, hand me one pound thirteen and fourpence before you sit down to your dinner. I'm afraid it's sorrow that's on you for hiring me at all." "May the div—oh no; I'm not sorry. Will you begin, if you please, and put in the thatch again, just as if you were doing it for your mother's cabin?" "Oh, faith I will, sir, with a heart and a half"; and by the time the farmer came out for his dinner, Jack had the roof better than it was before, for he made the boy give him new straw. Says the master when he came out, "Go, Jack, and look for the heifers, and bring them home." "And where will I look for 'em?" "Go and search for them as if they were your own." The heifers were all in the paddock before sunset. Next morning says the master, "Jack, the path across the bog to the pasture is very bad; the sheep does be sinking in it every step; go and make the sheep's feet a good path." About an hour after he came to the edge of the bog, and what did he find [205] Jack at but sharpening a carving knife, and the sheep standing or grazing around. "Is this the way you are mending the path, Jack?" said he. "Everything must have a beginning master," said Jack, "and a thing well begun is half done. I am sharpening the knife, and I'll have the feet off every sheep in the flock while you'd be blessing yourself." "Feet off my sheep, you anointed rogue! and what would you be taking their feet off for?" "An' sure to mend the path as you told me. Says you, 'Jack, make a path with the foot of the sheep.'" "Oh, you fool, I meant make good the path for the sheep's feet." "It's a pity you didn't say so, master. Hand me out, one pound thirteen and fourpence if you don't like me to finish my job." "Divil do you good with your one pound thirteen and fourpence!" "It's better pray than curse, master. Maybe you're sorry for your bargain?" "And to be sure I am—not yet, any way." The next night the master was going to a wedding; and says he to Jack, before he set out: "I'll leave at midnight, and I wish you to come and be with me home, for fear I might be overtaken with the drink. If you're there before, you may throw a sheep's eye at me, and I'll be sure to see that they'll give you something for yourself." About eleven o'clock, while the master was in great spirits, he felt something clammy hit him on the cheek. [206] It fell beside his tumbler, and when he looked at it what was it but the eye of a sheep. Well, he couldn't imagine who threw it at him, or why it was thrown at him. After a little he got a blow on the other cheek, and still it was by another sheep's eye. Well, he was very vexed, but he thought better to say nothing. In two minutes more, when he was opening his mouth to take a sup, another sheep's eye was slapped into it. He sputtered it out, and cried, "Man o' the house, isn't it a great shame for you to have any one in the room that would do such a nasty thing?" "Master," says Jack, "don't blame the honest man. Sure it's only myself that was throwin' them sheep's eyes at you, to remind you I was here, and that I wanted to drink the bride and bridegroom's health. You know yourself bade me." "I know that you are a great rascal; and where did you get the eyes?" "An' where would I get em' but in the heads of your own sheep? Would you have me meddle with the bastes of any neighbour, who might put me in the Stone Jug for it?" "Sorrow on me that ever I had the bad luck to meet with you." "You're all witness," said Jack, "that my master says he is sorry for having met with me. My time is up. Master, hand me over double wages, and come into the next room, and lay yourself out like a man that has some decency in him, till I take a strip of skin an inch broad from your shoulder to your hip." [207] Every one shouted out against that; but, says Jack, "You didn't hinder him when he took the same strips from the backs of my two brothers, and sent them home in that state, and penniless, to their poor mother." When the company heard the rights of the business, they were only too eager to see the job done. The master bawled and roared, but there was no help at hand. He was stripped to his hips, and laid on the floor in the next room, and Jack had the carving knife in his hand ready to begin. "Now you cruel old villain," said he, giving the knife a couple of scrapes along the floor, "I'll make you an offer. Give me, along with my double wages, two hundred guineas to support my poor brothers, and I'll do without the strip." "No!" said he, "I'd let you skin me from head to foot first." "Here goes then," said Jack with a grin, but the first little scar he gave, Churl roared out, "Stop your hand; I'll give the money." "Now, neighbours," said Jack, "you mustn't think worse of me than I deserve. I wouldn't have the heart to take an eye out of a rat itself; I got half a dozen of them from the butcher, and only used three of them." So all came again into the other room, and Jack was made sit down, and everybody drank his health, and he drank everybody's health at one offer. And six stout fellows saw himself and the master home, and waited in the parlour while he went up and brought down the two hundred guineas, and double [208] wages for Jack himself. When he got home, he brought the summer along with him to the poor mother and the disabled brothers; and he was no more Jack the Fool in the people's mouths, but "Skin Churl Jack." [209]

Moral of the Story

Cleverness and wit can overcome cruelty and injustice, especially when dealing with those who exploit others through rigid, unfair rules.


Characters 6 characters

Jack ★ protagonist

human young adult male

Implied to be physically capable despite being called 'the Fool'.

Attire: Simple, practical clothing suitable for farm work in rural Ireland.

Clever, cunning, resourceful, determined, just.

The Grey Churl ⚔ antagonist

human adult male

Described as 'the old villain' and having a back that can be skinned.

Attire: Clothing of a master or landowner, likely practical but of better quality than his servants.

Cruel, miserly, deceitful, stubborn, easily angered.

Jack's Mother ◆ supporting

human adult female

Described as 'poor woman'.

Attire: Simple, worn peasant dress.

Worried, caring, long-suffering.

Jack's Eldest Brother ○ minor

human young adult male

Returned 'dragging one foot after the other, and a poor wizened face on him, and he as cross as two sticks'. Disabled for life.

Attire: Tattered clothing, indicative of his poor state.

Cunning (initially), bitter, defeated.

Jack's Second Eldest Brother ○ minor

human young adult male

Returned 'just as miserable and helpless as his brother'.

Attire: Tattered clothing, indicative of his poor state.

Cunning (initially), vengeful, defeated.

The Mistress ○ minor

human adult female

No specific description, but implied to be the wife of the Grey Churl.

Attire: Practical, modest dress of a farmer's wife.

Somewhat naive, easily manipulated by Jack's logic, astonished by his actions.

Locations 5 locations
Jack's Home

Jack's Home

indoor Implied to be a place of struggle, but no specific weather mentioned.

A poor home where Jack lives with his mother and two older brothers. It is a place of initial hardship and where the brothers return after their ill-fated service.

Mood: Somber, anxious, later joyful and prosperous.

The initial setting where the family's poverty is established and the brothers' failures are recounted. Jack returns here with his winnings.

poor womanthree sonsreturning disabled brothers
The Grey Churl's House (Parlour)

The Grey Churl's House (Parlour)

indoor dinner time Not specified, but likely typical for a working farm.

The master's house, specifically the parlour where meals are served. It's a place of tension and Jack's clever defiance.

Mood: Tense, confrontational, subtly humorous due to Jack's antics.

Jack's first act of defiance, cutting and eating a large portion of the goose, challenging the master's authority.

goose on a spitdresserknifemaster and mistress
The Bog

The Bog

outdoor daytime, then night for sleeping Implied to be damp and potentially cold, given the need for dry peat for sleeping.

A marshy area where turf is cut and sheep graze. It has a 'shetry side' for sleeping and a bad path.

Mood: Working, isolated, later a scene of Jack's literal interpretation of orders.

Jack eats his meals there, sleeps there, and later attempts to 'mend the path' by cutting off the sheep's feet.

turfdry peatdry grassbad pathsheep
The Wedding

The Wedding

indoor night, around eleven o'clock Not specified, but likely a comfortable indoor setting.

A festive gathering with many people, food, and drink, where the master is a guest.

Mood: Festive, lively, then abruptly disrupted and tense.

The climax where Jack forces the master to admit he is 'sorry' by throwing sheep's eyes at him, leading to the resolution of their bargain.

tumblersheep's eyemany guestsbride and bridegroom
The Next Room (at the Wedding)

The Next Room (at the Wedding)

indoor night Not specified.

A separate room adjacent to the main wedding celebration, used for the final confrontation.

Mood: Tense, confrontational, dramatic, then relieved.

The final scene where Jack prepares to take his due from the master, ultimately securing his brothers' compensation and his own double wages.

stripped mastercarving knifeflooronlookers

Story DNA fairy tale · humorous

Moral

Cleverness and wit can overcome cruelty and injustice, especially when dealing with those who exploit others through rigid, unfair rules.

Plot Summary

Two older, seemingly clever brothers are exploited and injured by the cruel Grey Churl due to a harsh employment contract. Their younger brother, Jack the Fool, takes service with the Churl, but negotiates additional clauses to the contract. Jack then systematically outwits the Churl by literally interpreting every instruction, causing chaos and forcing the master to pay penalties for blaming him or stopping him. After numerous frustrating incidents, including throwing sheep's eyes at the master at a wedding, the Churl finally declares he is 'sorry for having met with me.' Jack then demands double wages and compensation for his brothers, threatening to take a strip of skin from the Churl's back as per the contract. Terrified, the Churl pays, and Jack returns home a hero, no longer a fool.

Themes

cleverness over brute forcejustice and retributionthe value of the underdogliteralism vs. intent

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: brisk
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: literal interpretation of instructions, rule of three (brothers' attempts), direct address to characters

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs person
Ending: moral justice
the contract (symbol of unfair power dynamics)the carving knife (symbol of Jack's leverage and the master's fear)sheep's eyes (symbol of literal interpretation and trickery)

Cultural Context

Origin: Irish
Era: timeless fairy tale

Joseph Jacobs collected this tale, likely from oral tradition, in the late 19th century. It reflects common folk tale themes of the clever underdog outwitting a cruel authority figure, often through literal interpretation of language.

Plot Beats (14)

  1. A poor woman has three sons; the eldest and second eldest are clever, but the youngest is called Jack the Fool.
  2. The eldest brother takes service with the cruel Grey Churl under a contract where the first to express regret loses skin or pays double wages; he is exploited and returns injured.
  3. The second brother attempts to get revenge on the Grey Churl but also returns exploited and injured.
  4. Jack the Fool, against his mother's wishes, takes service with the Grey Churl under the same contract, but adds clauses penalizing the master for blaming him or stopping him from following orders.
  5. Jack literally interprets instructions, first by eating a large portion of a goose at dinner, then by consuming all his meals (breakfast, dinner, supper) at once, forcing the master to pay a penalty for blaming him.
  6. Jack 'holds' the plough by pulling against it, again forcing the master to clarify and pay a penalty for blaming him.
  7. Jack keeps only Browney out of mischief, allowing other cows to destroy crops, and again forces the master to pay for blaming him.
  8. Jack searches for missing heifers in the roof thatch, interpreting 'every place likely and unlikely' literally, and the master is forced to pay for his anger.
  9. Jack prepares to 'make a path with the sheep's feet' by sharpening a knife to cut off their feet, forcing the master to concede and pay.
  10. At a wedding, Jack throws sheep's eyes at the master, literally fulfilling an instruction to remind him of his presence.
  11. The master, enraged by Jack's actions, finally declares he is 'sorry for having met with me,' triggering the contract's penalty clause.
  12. Jack demands double wages and two hundred guineas for his brothers, threatening to take the strip of skin from the master's back as per the contract.
  13. The master, terrified, agrees to pay the money after Jack makes a small cut, revealing he had used butcher's eyes, not the master's sheep's eyes.
  14. Jack returns home with the money, bringing prosperity to his mother and brothers, and is celebrated as 'Skin Churl Jack'.

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