The Legend of Knockgrafton.
by Joseph Jacobs · from Collected Folk Tales
Adapted Version
The three fixes are straightforward — each sentence is 9 words and needs to be reduced to 8:
1. `"Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday too!" The song sounds better now.` → drop "now" 2. `"Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday too!" The song is so pretty.` → drop "so" 3. `"AND THURSDAY AND FRIDAY TOO!" He sounds very rude.` → drop "very"
Here's the revised story:
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Lusmore is a kind little man. He has a big bump on his back. But he always smiles. His hat has a pretty purple flower.
One day Lusmore walks a long way. He is very tired. He sits down by a big green hill. It is a nice, quiet place.
Then Lusmore hears something. Tiny voices sing inside the hill. "Monday, Tuesday! Monday, Tuesday!" they sing. The song is so sweet. It is so pretty. Lusmore listens and listens.
But the song repeats and repeats. Lusmore wants to help. The voices stop for a moment. Lusmore sings in a happy voice. "And Wednesday too!" he says. Then the voices sing again. "Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday too!" The song sounds better.
The fairies inside the hill love it! They clap their tiny hands. They giggle and spin. Sparkles fly all around. Then whoosh! They carry Lusmore inside the hill. It feels like magic. Everything glows bright and warm.
The fairies smile at Lusmore. "We like your song!" they say. "Thank you, kind Lusmore!" They wave tiny hands. Sparkles float around him. Poof! The bump on his back is gone. They give him new clothes too. Lusmore feels so light and so happy.
Lusmore wakes up by the green hill. The sun shines bright. He touches his back. No bump! He jumps up. He runs home with a big smile. Everyone is so happy to see him.
An old woman hears the story. She walks a long way to find Lusmore. "Can you help?" she asks. "A man named Jack has a bump too."
Lusmore smiles at her. "I sang with the fairies," he says. "Be kind. They will be kind to you."
Jack goes to the big green hill. But Jack is not kind like Lusmore. Jack is grumpy. He wants everything for himself.
Jack sits by the hill. He hears the fairies sing. "Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday too!" The song is pretty.
But Jack does not wait. He does not listen. He shouts very loud. "AND THURSDAY AND FRIDAY TOO!" He sounds so rude. He wants more presents than Lusmore got. He wants two sets of new clothes.
The fairies are very, very angry. Jack ruined their pretty song! He was so rude! They pull him inside the hill.
"You were rude and greedy!" the fairies say. They put a second bump on Jack's back. Now Jack has two bumps. He was not kind. So the fairies were not kind to him.
Jack goes home very sad. He has two bumps now. He wishes he was kind like Lusmore.
Be kind, and good things will come.
Original Story
THE LEGEND OF KNOCKGRAFTON.
here was once a poor man who lived in the fertile glen of Aherlow, at the foot of the gloomy Galtee mountains, and he had a great hump on his back: he looked just as if his body had been rolled up and placed upon his shoulders; and his head was pressed down with the weight so much that his chin, when he was sitting, used to rest upon his knees for support. The country people were rather shy of meeting him in any lonesome place, for though, poor creature, he was as harmless and as inoffensive as a new-born infant, yet his deformity was so great that he scarcely appeared to be a human creature, and some ill-minded persons had set strange stories about him afloat. He was said to have a great knowledge of herbs and charms; but certain it was that he had a mighty skilful hand in plaiting straw and rushes into [157] hats and baskets, which was the way he made his livelihood.
Lusmore, for that was the nickname put upon him by reason of his always wearing a sprig of the fairy cap, or lusmore (the foxglove), in his little straw hat, would ever get a higher penny for his plaited work than any one else, and perhaps that was the reason why some one, out of envy, had circulated the strange stories about him. Be that as it may, it happened that he was returning one evening from the pretty town of Cahir towards Cappagh, and as little Lusmore walked very slowly, on account of the great hump upon his back, it was quite dark when he came to the old moat of Knockgrafton, which stood on the right-hand side of his road. Tired and weary was he, and noways comfortable in his own mind at thinking how much farther he had to travel, and that he should be walking all the night; so he sat down under the moat to rest himself, and began looking mournfully enough upon the moon.
Presently there rose a wild strain of unearthly melody upon the ear of little Lusmore; he listened, and he thought that he had never heard such ravishing music before. It was like the sound of many voices, each mingling and blending with the other so strangely that they seemed to be one, though all singing different strains, and the words of the song were these—
Da Luan, Da Mort, Da Luan, Da Mort, Da Luan, Da Mort;
when there would be a moment's pause, and then the round of melody went on again.
Lusmore listened attentively, scarcely drawing his breath [158] lest he might lose the slightest note. He now plainly perceived that the singing was within the moat; and though at first it had charmed him so much, he began to get tired of hearing the same round sung over and over so often without any change; so availing himself of the pause when the Da Luan, Da Mort , had been sung three times, he took up the tune, and raised it with the words augus Da Cadine , and then went on singing with the voices inside of the moat, Da Luan, Da Mort , finishing the melody, when the pause again came, with augus Da Cadine .
The fairies within Knockgrafton, for the song was a fairy melody, when they heard this addition to the tune, were so much delighted that, with instant resolve, it was determined [159] to bring the mortal among them, whose musical skill so far exceeded theirs, and little Lusmore was conveyed into their company with the eddying speed of a whirlwind.
Glorious to behold was the sight that burst upon him as he came down through the moat, twirling round and round, with the lightness of a straw, to the sweetest music that kept time to his motion. The greatest honour was then paid him, for he was put above all the musicians, and he had servants tending upon him, and everything to his heart's content, and a hearty welcome to all; and, in short, he was made as much of as if he had been the first man in the land.
Presently Lusmore saw a great consultation going forward among the fairies, and, notwithstanding all their civility, he felt very much frightened, until one stepping out from the rest came up to him and said,—
"Lusmore! Lusmore!
Doubt not, nor deplore,
For the hump which you bore
On your back is no more;
Look down on the floor,
And view it, Lusmore!"
When these words were said, poor little Lusmore felt himself so light, and so happy, that he thought he could have bounded at one jump over the moon, like the cow in the history of the cat and the fiddle; and he saw, with inexpressible pleasure, his hump tumble down upon the ground from his shoulders. He then tried to lift up his head, and he did so with becoming caution, fearing that he might knock it against the ceiling of the grand hall, where he was; he looked round and round again with greatest wonder and delight upon everything, which appeared more [160] and more beautiful; and, overpowered at beholding such a resplendent scene, his head grew dizzy, and his eyesight became dim. At last he fell into a sound sleep, and when he awoke he found that it was broad daylight, the sun shining brightly, and the birds singing sweetly; and that he was lying just at the foot of the moat of Knockgrafton, with the cows and sheep grazing peacefully round about him. The first thing Lusmore did, after saying his prayers, was to put his hand behind to feel for his hump, but no sign of one was there on his back, and he looked at himself with great pride, for he had now become a well-shaped dapper little fellow, and more than that, found himself in a full suit of new clothes, which he concluded the fairies had made for him.
Towards Cappagh he went, stepping out as lightly, and springing up at every step as if he had been all his life a dancing-master. Not a creature who met Lusmore knew him without his hump, and he had a great work to persuade every one that he was the same man—in truth he was not, so far as outward appearance went.
Of course it was not long before the story of Lusmore's hump got about, and a great wonder was made of it. Through the country, for miles round, it was the talk of every one, high and low.
One morning, as Lusmore was sitting contented enough, at his cabin door, up came an old woman to him, and asked him if he could direct her to Cappagh.
"I need give you no directions, my good woman," said Lusmore, "for this is Cappagh; and whom may you want here?"
"I have come," said the woman, "out of Decie's country, [161] in the county of Waterford looking after one Lusmore, who, I have heard tell, had his hump taken off by the fairies; for there is a son of a gossip of mine who has got a hump on him that will be his death; and maybe if he could use the same charm as Lusmore, the hump may be taken off him. And now I have told you the reason of my coming so far: 'tis to find out about this charm, if I can."
Lusmore, who was ever a good-natured little fellow, told the woman all the particulars, how he had raised the tune for the fairies at Knockgrafton, how his hump had been removed from his shoulders, and how he had got a new suit of clothes into the bargain.
The woman thanked him very much, and then went away quite happy and easy in her own mind. When she came back to her gossip's house, in the county of Waterford, she told her everything that Lusmore had said, and they put the little hump-backed man, who was a peevish and cunning creature from his birth, upon a car, and took him all the way across the country. It was a long journey, but they did not care for that, so the hump was taken from off him; and they brought him, just at nightfall, and left him under the old moat of Knockgrafton.
Jack Madden, for that was the humpy man's name, had not been sitting there long when he heard the tune going on within the moat much sweeter than before; for the fairies were singing it the way Lusmore had settled their music for them, and the song was going on; Da Luan, Da Mort, Da Luan, Da Mort, Da Luan, Da Mort, augus Da Cadine , without ever stopping. Jack Madden, who was in a great hurry to get quit of his hump, never thought of [162] waiting until the fairies had done, or watching for a fit opportunity to raise the tune higher again than Lusmore had; so having heard them sing it over seven times without stopping, out he bawls, never minding the time or the humour of the tune, or how he could bring his words in properly, augus Da Cadine, augus Da Hena , thinking that if one day was good, two were better; and that if Lusmore had one new suit of clothes given him, he should have two.
No sooner had the words passed his lips than he was taken up and whisked into the moat with prodigious force; and the fairies came crowding round about him with great anger, screeching, and screaming, and roaring out, "Who spoiled our tune? who spoiled our tune?" and one stepped up to him, above all the rest and said:
"Jack Madden! Jack Madden!
Your words came so bad in
The tune we felt glad in;—
This castle you're had in,
That your life we may sadden;
Here's two humps for Jack Madden!"
And twenty of the strongest fairies brought Lusmore's hump and put it down upon poor Jack's back, over his own, where it became fixed as firmly as if it was nailed on with twelve-penny nails, by the best carpenter that ever drove one. Out of their castle they then kicked him; and, in the morning, when Jack Madden's mother and her gossip came to look after their little man, they found him half dead, lying at the foot of the moat, with the other hump upon his back. Well to be sure, how they did look at each other! but they were afraid to say anything, lest a hump might be [163] put upon their own shoulders. Home they brought the unlucky Jack Madden with them, as downcast in their hearts and their looks as ever two gossips were; and what through the weight of his other hump, and the long journey, he died soon after, leaving they say his heavy curse to any one who would go to listen to fairy tunes again.
[164]
Story DNA
Moral
Kindness and humility are rewarded, while greed and presumption lead to misfortune.
Plot Summary
Lusmore, a kind but hump-backed man, adds a harmonious line to a fairy song he overhears, delighting the fairies who reward him by removing his hump and giving him new clothes. His transformation inspires Jack Madden, a greedy and peevish hump-backed man, to seek the same fortune. However, Jack rudely interrupts the fairies' song with an ill-conceived addition, angering them. As punishment, the fairies add Lusmore's old hump to Jack's existing one, leading to Jack's swift demise.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph for one character, and greed to tragedy for another
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects traditional Irish folklore beliefs about fairies, their power, and the consequences of disrespecting them or their customs. The names of the days of the week (Da Luan - Monday, Da Mort - Tuesday, Da Cadine - Wednesday, Da Hena - Thursday) are in Irish.
Plot Beats (15)
- Lusmore, a kind man with a large hump, makes a living plaiting straw and is nicknamed for his foxglove sprig.
- Returning home late, Lusmore rests by the old moat of Knockgrafton.
- He hears fairies inside the moat singing a repetitive tune ('Da Luan, Da Mort').
- Lusmore, finding the song monotonous, adds 'augus Da Cadine' to their melody during a pause.
- The fairies are overjoyed by his musical contribution and transport him into their gathering.
- The fairies reward Lusmore by removing his hump and giving him new clothes, then return him to the moat's foot.
- Lusmore wakes up transformed, without his hump, and joyfully returns home, surprising everyone.
- An old woman hears Lusmore's story and seeks him out to learn the 'charm' for her gossip's hump-backed son, Jack Madden.
- Lusmore kindly explains how he added to the fairies' song.
- Jack Madden, a peevish and greedy man, is brought to the moat to try and get rid of his hump.
- Jack Madden hears the fairies singing the extended song (including Lusmore's addition).
- Without waiting or considering, Jack Madden rudely shouts 'augus Da Cadine, augus Da Hena', hoping for even more reward.
- The fairies are enraged by his presumption and whisk him into the moat.
- The fairies punish Jack Madden by adding Lusmore's old hump on top of his own.
- Jack Madden is kicked out of the moat, found half-dead, and soon dies from the double burden.
Characters
Lusmore ★ protagonist
Initially had a great hump on his back, causing his head to be pressed down and his chin to rest on his knees when sitting. After the fairies, he became a well-shaped, dapper little fellow.
Attire: A little straw hat, always wearing a sprig of foxglove (lusmore) in it. After the fairies, he received a full suit of new clothes, period-appropriate for an Irish peasant.
Harmless, inoffensive, skilful, good-natured, attentive, musical.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young man in his late teens with a determined expression and short, tousled brown hair. He wears a simple, earth-toned tunic over dark trousers and sturdy leather boots, with a worn leather satchel slung across his shoulder. He stands in a sun-dappled forest clearing, one hand resting on the hilt of a simple shortsword at his belt, looking forward with a mixture of resolve and curiosity. The background is a soft-focus woodland with hints of wildflowers. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Jack Madden ⚔ antagonist
A little hump-backed man, who ends up with two humps on his back.
Attire: Not explicitly described, likely common peasant attire.
Peevish, cunning, impatient, greedy, disrespectful.
Image Prompt & Upload
A tall, gaunt man in his late forties with a sharp, angular face, thin lips twisted in a cold smirk, and deep-set eyes glinting with cruel intelligence. He wears a tailored black wool coat over a dark grey turtleneck, his posture rigid and imposing with hands clasped behind his back. His dark hair is slicked back severely, emphasizing a high forehead and prominent cheekbones. The figure stands with a predatory stillness, radiating menace and calculating authority. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Fairies of Knockgrafton ◆ supporting
Not explicitly described, but they are powerful enough to remove and add humps, and move mortals with whirlwind speed. They are numerous, with some being stronger than others (e.g., the twenty strongest fairies).
Attire: Not described, but they inhabit a 'grand hall' and are associated with music and magic.
Musical, appreciative of skill, generous (to Lusmore), easily angered, vengeful (to Jack Madden).
Image Prompt & Upload
A group of three small, luminous fairies hovering in a gentle circle. They have delicate, gossamer wings that shimmer with pastel colors, and wear flowing, layered gowns woven from petals and moonlight. Their hair is like spun silver or gold, floating weightlessly. They have youthful, ageless faces with serene smiles and bright, curious eyes. One fairy holds a tiny, glowing lantern, another cradles a miniature flower, and the third reaches out as if sprinkling dust. They are in a classic fairy pose, light on their feet, above a patch of soft moss and tiny mushrooms. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
The Old Woman ○ minor
An old woman.
Attire: Likely common peasant attire for the period, having traveled from County Waterford.
Concerned, hopeful, grateful, gossipy.
Image Prompt & Upload
An elderly woman with a deeply wrinkled face and kind, knowing eyes. She has silver hair pulled back in a practical bun beneath a simple linen headscarf. She wears a faded blue woolen dress with a patched apron, sturdy leather boots, and a thick shawl draped over her shoulders. She leans slightly on a gnarled wooden walking stick, her posture slightly stooped with age. Her hands are weathered and strong. She holds a small basket of wild herbs. Her expression is serene and wise. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Jack Madden's Mother ○ minor
Not described.
Attire: Likely common peasant attire.
Concerned, fearful, downcast.
Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged woman in her late 40s with kind, tired eyes and a gentle smile. Her hair is a soft brown, neatly pulled back into a practical bun. She wears a simple, modest dress of faded blue cotton, covered by a clean but well-worn white apron. Her posture is upright yet relaxed, with hands clasped gently in front of her. She has a warm, maternal presence. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations
Glen of Aherlow
Fertile glen at the foot of the gloomy Galtee mountains, where Lusmore lived.
Mood: Home, but also a place of isolation for Lusmore due to his deformity.
Lusmore's home and origin.
Image Prompt & Upload
Late afternoon under an overcast sky, the Galtee Mountains rise as dark, brooding silhouettes against a slate-grey sky. Their slopes are shrouded in deep purple heather and shadow. In the foreground, the fertile Glen of Aherlow is a vivid, emerald-green valley, its lush meadows dotted with clusters of wildflowers in soft yellows and whites. A narrow, winding stream reflects the muted light, cutting through the center of the glen. The air feels still and heavy with mist that clings to the lower slopes, creating a sense of ancient mystery. The scene is rendered in a rich, detailed illustration style with a focus on atmospheric depth and natural texture. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Old Moat of Knockgrafton
An old moat standing on the right-hand side of the road from Cahir to Cappagh. Lusmore sits under it to rest.
Mood: Mysterious, lonesome, magical, where the human and fairy worlds meet.
Lusmore first encounters the fairies and their music; later, Jack Madden is left here.
Image Prompt & Upload
Late afternoon sun filters through hazy clouds, casting long shadows across the crumbling stone walls of an ancient, moss-covered moat. The water within is still and dark, reflecting the golden light and the dense, overhanging trees. Wildflowers and ivy cling to the weathered stones. A narrow, well-trodden dirt road winds past the structure, disappearing into a misty, emerald-green forest. The atmosphere is quiet, still, and deeply enchanted. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Fairy Dwelling within Knockgrafton Moat
A grand hall, glorious and resplendent, within the moat. Lusmore is twirled into it with the speed of a whirlwind.
Mood: Magical, wondrous, initially welcoming and celebratory, later angry and punitive.
Lusmore's hump is removed; Jack Madden is punished and given a second hump.
Image Prompt & Upload
A grand subterranean hall within a circular stone moat at twilight. The vaulted ceiling is made of living roots and glowing crystals. A central whirlwind of golden and silver light spirals upward, scattering luminous petals and motes of dust. Polished marble floors reflect the glow from enchanted lanterns and a deep, still pool of water at the hall's center. Gnarled tree roots weave through the ancient stonework, dotted with bioluminescent fungi. The air is misty and charged with magic, colors are deep emerald, sapphire, and amber. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Lusmore's Cabin Door (in Cappagh)
The door of Lusmore's cabin in Cappagh, where he sits contented.
Mood: Peaceful, content, domestic, a place of sharing information.
Lusmore recounts his story to the old woman, leading to Jack Madden's journey.
Image Prompt & Upload
A twilight scene in the rural village of Cappagh, focusing on the weathered oak door of a small, thatched-roof stone cabin. The door is slightly ajar, spilling a warm, golden lantern light onto a mossy doorstep. The stone walls are covered in climbing ivy, and a gnarled hawthorn tree leans protectively over the roof. The surrounding air is still, filled with the soft blue hues of dusk. Fireflies begin to glow near a patch of glowing mushrooms at the base of the wall. The atmosphere is one of profound peace and quiet magic, with soft shadows and a gentle, inviting glow. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.