The Red Ettin

by Joseph Jacobs · from Collected Folk Tales

fairy tale transformation hopeful Ages 8-14 1684 words 8 min read
Cover: The Red Ettin

Adapted Version

CEFR A1 Age 5 514 words 3 min Canon 100/100

Once, a mother had two sons. She made a cake.

Her older son went for water. The can had a hole. He brought little water. His cake was small.

Mother said, "Take half with good words." The older son took all. Mother said sad words.

He gave his brother a magic knife. "If clean, okay. If rusty, trouble," he said. He left.

He walked long. He met a man with sheep. "Who owns these?" he asked. The man said, "A Red Giant has a princess and owns them."

The older son saw scary animals. He ran away. He found a castle. He went inside. An old woman was there.

"The Red Giant lives here," she said. "He has three heads. He is bad."

The giant came home. "I smell a man!" he said. He found the older son.

"Answer three questions," the giant said. "What has no end?" He didn't know. "What is small but dangerous?" He didn't know. "When does the dead carry the living?" He didn't know.

The giant made him into stone.

The next morning, the little brother looked at the knife. It was rusty! "My brother is in trouble," he said. "I must help."

He went for water. The can had a hole. He fixed the hole with clay. He brought lots of water.

His mother made a big cake. "Take half with good words," she said. The little brother took half. Mother said good words. His cake was big and nice.

He walked long. He met an old woman. "Can I have cake?" she asked. "Yes," he said. He shared his cake.

The old woman was a fairy! "You are kind," she said. "I will help." She gave him a magic stick. "The giant will ask three questions," she said. "A bowl has no end. A bridge is small but dangerous. A ship carries the living." She told him what to do. Then she left.

He met the man with sheep. The man said, "The Red Giant will be beaten. You are the hero!"

The little brother saw scary animals. He was brave. He used his magic stick. The animals ran away.

He went to the giant's castle. The old woman said, "Be careful! The giant is bad!" The little brother was not scared.

The giant came home. "I smell a man!" he said. He found the little brother.

"Answer three questions," the giant said. "What has no end?" "A bowl," said the little brother. "What is small but dangerous?" "A bridge," he said. "When does the dead carry the living?" "A ship carries people," he said.

The giant was angry. The little brother took an axe. He stopped the giant. The giant fell down.

He found the princess. He let her go. He used the magic stick on the stone. His brother became a person again!

They all went to the king's house. The little brother married the princess. His brother married another lady. They were happy.

Being good, brave, and smart helps you win. Being selfish and mean is bad. And they all lived happily ever after.

Original Story 1684 words · 8 min read

THE RED ETTIN

There was once a widow that lived on a small bit of ground, which she

  rented from a farmer. And she had two sons; and by-and-by it was time for


  the wife to send them away to seek their fortune. So she told her eldest


  son one day to take a can and bring her water from the well, that she


  might bake a cake for him; and however much or however little water he


  might bring, the cake would be great or small accordingly, and that cake


  was to be all that she could give him when he went on his travels.

The lad went away with the can to the well, and filled it with water, and

  then came away home again; but the can being broken, the most part of the


  water had run out before he got back. So his cake was very small; yet


  small as it was, his mother asked him if he was willing to take the half


  of it with her blessing, telling him that, if he chose rather to take the


  whole, he would only get it with her curse. The young man, thinking he


  might have to travel a far way, and not knowing when or how he might get


  other provisions, said he would like to have the whole cake, come of his


  mother's malison what like; so she gave him the whole cake, and her


  malison along with it. Then he took his brother aside, and gave him a


  knife to keep till he should come back, desiring him to look at it every


  morning, and as long as it continued to be clear, then he might be sure


  that the owner of it was well; but if it grew dim and rusty, then for


  certain some ill had befallen him.

So the young man went to seek his fortune. And he went all that day, and

  all the next day; and on the third day, in the afternoon, he came up to


  where a shepherd was sitting with a flock of sheep. And he went up to the


  shepherd and asked him who the sheep belonged to; and he answered:

“The Red Ettin of Ireland

Once lived in Ballygan,

And stole King Malcolm's daughter

The king of fair Scotland.

He beats her, he binds her,

He lays her on a band;

And every day he strikes her

With a bright silver wand.

Like Julian the Roman,

He's one that fears no man.

It's said there's one predestinate

To be his mortal foe;

But that man is yet unborn,

And long may it be so.”

This shepherd also told him to beware of the beasts he should next meet,

  for they were of a very different kind from any he had yet seen.

So the young man went on, and by-and-by he saw a multitude of very

  dreadful beasts, with two heads, and on every head four horns. And he was


  sore frightened, and ran away from them as fast as he could; and glad was


  he when he came to a castle that stood on a hillock, with the door


  standing wide open to the wall. And he went into the castle for shelter,


  and there he saw an old wife sitting beside the kitchen fire. He asked the


  wife if he might stay for the night, as he was tired with a long journey;


  and the wife said he might, but it was not a good place for him to be in,


  as it belonged to the Red Ettin, who was a very terrible beast, with three


  heads, that spared no living man it could get hold of. The young man would


  have gone away, but he was afraid of the beasts on the outside of the


  castle; so he beseeched the old woman to hide him as best she could, and


  not tell the Ettin he was there. He thought, if he could put over the


  night, he might get away in the morning, without meeting with the beasts,


  and so escape. But he had not been long in his hiding-hole, before the


  awful Ettin came in; and no sooner was he in, than he was heard crying:

“Snouk but and snouk ben,

I find the smell of an earthly man,

Be he living, or be he dead,

His heart this night shall kitchen my bread.”

The monster soon found the poor young man, and pulled him from his hole.

  And when he had got him out, he told him that if he could answer him three


  questions his life should be spared. So the first head asked: “A thing


  without an end, what's that?” But the young man knew not. Then the second


  head said: “The smaller, the more dangerous, what's that?” But the young


  man knew it not. And then the third head asked: “The dead carrying the


  living; riddle me that?” But the young man had to give it up. The lad not


  being able to answer one of these questions, the Red Ettin took a mallet


  and knocked him on the head, and turned him into a pillar of stone.

On the morning after this happened, the younger brother took out the knife

  to look at it, and he was grieved to find it all brown with rust. He told


  his mother that the time was now come for him to go away upon his travels


  also; so she requested him to take the can to the well for water, that she


  might make a cake for him. And he went, and as he was bringing home the


  water, a raven over his head cried to him to look, and he would see that


  the water was running out. And he was a young man of sense, and seeing the


  water running out, he took some clay and patched up the holes, so that he


  brought home enough water to bake a large cake. When his mother put it to


  him to take the half cake with her blessing, he took it in preference to


  having the whole with her malison; and yet the half was bigger than what


  the other lad had got.

So he went away on his journey; and after he had travelled a far way, he

  met with an old woman that asked him if he would give her a bit of his


  johnny-cake. And he said: “I will gladly do that,” and so he gave her a


  piece of the johnny-cake; and for that she gave him a magical wand, that


  she might yet be of service to him, if he took care to use it rightly.


  Then the old woman, who was a fairy, told him a great deal that would


  happen to him, and what he ought to do in all circumstances; and after


  that she vanished in an instant out of his sight. He went on a great way


  farther, and then he came up to the old man herding the sheep; and when he


  asked whose sheep these were, the answer was:

“The Red Ettin of Ireland

Once lived in Ballygan,

And stole King Malcolm's daughter,

The king of Fair Scotland.

“He beats her, he binds her,

He lays her on a band;

And every day he strikes her

With a bright silver wand.

Like Julian the Roman,

He's one that fears no man.

“But now I fear his end is near,

And destiny at hand;

And you're to be, I plainly see,

The heir of all his land.”

When he came to the place where the monstrous beasts were standing, he did

  not stop nor run away, but went boldly through amongst them. One came up


  roaring with open mouth to devour him, when he struck it with his wand,


  and laid it in an instant dead at his feet. He soon came to the Ettin's


  castle, where he knocked, and was admitted. The old woman who sat by the


  fire warned him of the terrible Ettin, and what had been the fate of his


  brother; but he was not to be daunted. The monster soon came in, saying:

“Snouk but and snouk ben,

I find the smell of an earthly man;

Be he living, or be he dead,

His heart shall be kitchen to my bread.”

He quickly espied the young man, and bade him come forth on the floor. And

  then he put the three questions to him; but the young man had been told


  everything by the good fairy, so he was able to answer all the questions.


  So when the first head asked, “What's the thing without an end?” he said:


  “A bowl.” And when the second head said: “The smaller the more dangerous;


  what's that?” he said at once, “A bridge.” And last, the third head said:


  “When does the dead carry the living, riddle me that?” Then the young man


  answered up at once and said: “When a ship sails on the sea with men


  inside her.” When the Ettin found this, he knew that his power was gone.


  The young man then took up an axe and hewed off the monster's three heads.


  He next asked the old woman to show him where the king's daughter lay; and


  the old woman took him upstairs, and opened a great many doors, and out of


  every door came a beautiful lady who had been imprisoned there by the


  Ettin; and one of the ladies was the king's daughter. She also took him


  down into a low room, and there stood a stone pillar, that he had only to


  touch with his wand, when his brother started into life. And the whole of


  the prisoners were overjoyed at their deliverance, for which they thanked


  the young man. Next day they all set out for the king's court, and a


  gallant company they made. And the king married his daughter to the young


  man that had delivered her, and gave a noble's daughter to his brother;


  and so they all lived happily all the rest of their days.

Story DNA fairy tale · hopeful

Moral

Good fortune often favors the wise, humble, and courageous, while arrogance and foolishness lead to ruin.

Plot Summary

A widow's eldest son, choosing greed and his mother's curse, embarks on a journey, encounters the monstrous Red Ettin, fails its riddles, and is turned to stone. His younger brother, guided by a rusted knife, chooses humility and his mother's blessing. He receives a magic wand and crucial advice from a fairy, allowing him to bravely confront the Ettin, answer its riddles, and slay the monster. The younger brother then frees his transformed brother and the king's daughter, leading to a joyous return and a double wedding.

Themes

wisdom vs. foolishnessconsequences of choicescourage and perseverancegood vs. evil

Emotional Arc

suffering to triumph

Writing Style

Voice: third person omniscient
Pacing: moderate
Descriptive: moderate
Techniques: rule of three, repetition of poetic verse, direct address to reader (implied)

Narrative Elements

Conflict: person vs supernatural
Ending: happy
Magic: magic knife that reflects owner's health, magic wand, fairy, monstrous beasts (two-headed), Red Ettin (three-headed giant), transformation into stone, restoration from stone
the cake (representing fate/blessing/curse)the knife (representing a bond and a life indicator)the Red Ettin (representing evil and obstacles)

Cultural Context

Origin: Scottish
Era: timeless fairy tale

Joseph Jacobs collected and retold this tale, which is part of the broader European tradition of 'Jack and the Beanstalk' type hero tales, often featuring giants or ogres and riddles.

Plot Beats (15)

  1. A widow prepares a cake for her eldest son's journey; he brings little water, gets a small cake, and chooses the whole cake with her curse.
  2. The elder son gives his brother a knife to monitor his well-being and departs.
  3. The elder son encounters a shepherd who warns him about the Red Ettin and its captive, King Malcolm's daughter.
  4. The elder son is terrified by two-headed beasts and seeks refuge in a castle, where an old woman warns him of the three-headed Red Ettin.
  5. The Red Ettin arrives, smells the man, finds him, and poses three riddles; the elder son fails and is turned to stone.
  6. The younger brother finds the knife rusted, indicating his brother's fate, and prepares for his own journey, carefully patching his water can.
  7. The younger brother chooses half a large cake with his mother's blessing, which is still larger than his brother's whole cake.
  8. The younger brother shares his cake with an old woman who reveals herself as a fairy, gives him a magic wand, and tells him the answers to the Ettin's riddles and what to do.
  9. The younger brother meets the shepherd, who now speaks of the Ettin's impending doom and the younger brother's destiny.
  10. The younger brother bravely confronts and kills the two-headed beasts with his magic wand.
  11. The younger brother enters the Ettin's castle, undaunted by the old woman's warnings.
  12. The Red Ettin arrives, smells the man, and poses the three riddles; the younger brother answers them correctly, thanks to the fairy's advice.
  13. The younger brother slays the Red Ettin with an axe.
  14. The younger brother frees the king's daughter and other imprisoned ladies, and restores his brother from stone with the magic wand.
  15. All the freed captives return to the king's court; the younger brother marries the king's daughter, and his brother marries a noble's daughter, living happily ever after.

Characters 7 characters

Younger Brother ★ protagonist

human young adult male

Not explicitly described, but implied to be capable and resourceful.

Attire: Simple peasant clothing, suitable for travel, likely homespun tunic and breeches.

Holding a magical wand, with a large johnny-cake.

Resourceful, kind, brave, sensible.

Image Prompt & Upload
A young boy, around ten years old, with messy chestnut brown hair and bright, curious eyes. He wears a simple, slightly oversized tunic of faded blue linen over brown trousers and worn leather boots. A small leather satchel is slung across his body. He stands in a slightly forward-leaning posture, one hand extended as if to catch floating, faintly glowing golden particles. His expression is one of wonder and determination. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

Red Ettin ⚔ antagonist

magical creature ageless non-human

A terrible beast with three heads.

Attire: No clothing mentioned, likely depicted as a large, red-skinned monster.

Three monstrous heads, red-skinned, holding a mallet.

Cruel, powerful, riddle-obsessed.

Image Prompt & Upload
A towering, hulking figure with two snarling heads atop broad, muscular shoulders. Its skin is a deep, mottled crimson, with coarse, dark hair sprouting from its scalps and forearms. It wears tattered, blackened leather armor studded with rusty iron, and a belt of heavy chain from which dangle crude tools and bones. Its eyes glow a faint, malevolent yellow, and its mouths are filled with jagged, broken teeth. The creature stands in a wide, aggressive stance, one massive hand gripping a gnarled, spiked club, the other clenched into a fist. Its posture is hunched and ready to strike, exuding raw menace. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

Eldest Brother ◆ supporting

human young adult male

Not explicitly described, but implied to be less resourceful than his brother.

Attire: Simple peasant clothing, suitable for travel, likely homespun tunic and breeches.

A pillar of stone, later restored to human form.

Selfish, less sensible, unfortunate.

Image Prompt & Upload
A young adult man in his late teens with a serious, responsible expression. He has short, neat brown hair and wears a practical, durable tunic of forest green over simple brown trousers and sturdy leather boots. A thick leather belt is cinched at his waist. He stands in a stable, grounded posture, leaning slightly forward with one hand extended as if ready to offer assistance. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

The Mother ○ minor

human adult female

A widow, likely showing signs of age and hard work.

Attire: Simple, practical widow's attire, likely a dark dress or skirt and bodice.

Baking a cake by a hearth.

Practical, stern, traditional.

Image Prompt & Upload
A gentle-faced woman in her late thirties with kind, tired eyes and a soft smile. Her long, chestnut brown hair is neatly braided and pinned up. She wears a simple, faded blue linen dress with a white apron, the sleeves rolled up to her elbows. Her posture is warm and welcoming, with one hand resting on her chest. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

The Fairy Woman ◆ supporting

magical creature elderly female

An old woman, but with magical abilities.

Attire: Simple, unassuming clothing that belies her magical nature, perhaps a dark cloak.

Vanishing into thin air, having just given a magical wand.

Wise, benevolent, magical.

Image Prompt & Upload
A young adult fairy woman with delicate, luminous skin and large, translucent dragonfly-like wings. She has long, flowing silver hair adorned with tiny glowing flowers, and her eyes are a soft, sparkling violet. Her expression is gentle and compassionate, with a slight, warm smile. She is wearing an elegant, layered gown made of iridescent petals and soft moss, cinched at the waist with a vine-like belt. Her posture is graceful and poised, standing lightly on her feet with one hand extended as if offering help or magic. She appears serene and supportive. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

King Malcolm's Daughter ◆ supporting

human young adult female

Beautiful, as she is a king's daughter.

Attire: Implied to be in distress, but likely still wearing remnants of fine clothing or simple garments provided by her captor.

Emerging from a locked door in the Ettin's castle.

Victimized, grateful.

Image Prompt & Upload
A young woman in her late teens with a gentle, observant expression. She has long, chestnut brown hair partially braided and adorned with small, seed pearl pins. She wears a modest yet elegant gown of dusty rose velvet with a square neckline and long, fitted sleeves, the bodice embroidered with delicate silver thread in a floral pattern. Her posture is poised but relaxed, standing with her hands lightly clasped before her. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.

The Old Woman (in the castle) ◆ supporting

human elderly female

An old wife, likely frail.

Attire: Simple, practical clothing of a servant or captive, likely a dark dress or apron.

Sitting by the kitchen fire in the Ettin's castle.

Fearful, cautious, helpful (within her limitations).

Image Prompt & Upload
Elderly woman in her late seventies with deep wrinkles and kind, tired eyes. Her long grey hair is neatly braided and pinned up. She wears a simple, faded blue wool dress with a white apron, sturdy leather boots, and a small silver brooch at her collar. Her posture is slightly stooped, standing with a gentle, knowing smile, hands clasped before her. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations 3 locations
No image yet

Widow's Cottage

indoor morning

A small dwelling on a rented bit of ground, where the widow lives with her two sons.

Mood: Humble, domestic, a place of departure

Both sons receive their cakes and blessings/curses before embarking on their journeys.

can well kitchen fire knife
Image Prompt & Upload
A small, weathered stone cottage with a thick thatched roof, nestled on a humble plot of land at twilight. The sky is a gradient of dusky purple and soft orange, with the first stars appearing. A warm, golden glow emanates from the small, slightly crooked windowpanes, casting long shadows on the overgrown wildflower garden and the worn dirt path leading to the wooden door. An old, gnarled oak tree stands sentinel beside it, its leaves rustling in the gentle breeze. The atmosphere is quiet, humble, and slightly melancholic, with a sense of resilience. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
No image yet

Shepherd's Pasture

outdoor afternoon

An open area where a shepherd sits with a flock of sheep, likely grassy and expansive.

Mood: Pastoral, informative, a place of warning

Both brothers encounter the shepherd who provides crucial information about the Red Ettin.

shepherd flock of sheep
Image Prompt & Upload
Rolling hills of lush green grass stretch into the distance under a soft, misty dawn sky. Golden light spills over the horizon, casting long shadows and illuminating dewdrops on clusters of wildflowers—poppies, daisies, and clover. A worn dirt footpath winds gently through the pasture, leading to a small, weathered stone shepherd's shed with a mossy thatched roof. Ancient, gnarled oak trees dot the landscape, their branches draped in lichen. In the far distance, low stone walls crisscross the hills, disappearing into the morning haze. The air is still and serene, filled with the soft colors of early morning. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
No image yet

Red Ettin's Castle

indoor night

A castle standing on a hillock, with its door standing wide open. Inside, there's a kitchen fire and an old woman. It also contains many rooms where ladies are imprisoned and a low room with a stone pillar.

Mood: Eerie, dangerous, foreboding, later triumphant

The first brother is turned to stone, the second brother defeats the Ettin, frees the prisoners, and revives his brother.

hillock wide-open door kitchen fire old woman three-headed Ettin stone pillar imprisoned ladies mallet axe
Image Prompt & Upload
A crimson-tinted stone castle perched on a mossy hillock under a stormy twilight sky. The massive wooden door stands wide open, emitting a warm, flickering glow from within that contrasts with the darkening exterior. Tall, jagged towers and battlements silhouette against the purple clouds, with narrow slit windows adding to the foreboding architecture. Mist swirls around the base, where twisted oaks and rocky bracken dot the landscape. The atmosphere is eerie and silent, bathed in dim, shadowy light. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration