The Story of the McAndrew Family
by Joseph Jacobs · from Collected Folk Tales
Adapted Version
Once, there were seven very silly brothers. They were always doing silly things. Their father, Father McAndrew, had many cows. He loved his sons very much. He was old. He gave each son a house and cows. Each house was big and strong. "I give you homes," he said. Then Father McAndrew went away. The brothers were on their own now. The seven silly brothers were happy. They laughed and played all day. They took their cows to the fair. The fair was busy and loud. Neighbor O'Toole saw them. O'Toole was a sneaky neighbor. "I will help you," he said. "These cows give no milk." "They are silly cows." The brothers believed him. O'Toole tricked the silly brothers. They sold their cows for little money. They got only a few coins. At the fair, the brothers spent their money. They bought hats and toys. They bought silly things. They bought big ribbons and shiny stones. They went home with no money. They had nothing left to spend. One brother, Con, went to town. He walked alone to the market. He saw a shiny thing. It was very bright and round. "A horse egg!" said a man. The man smiled at Con. Con gave all his money for it. He had no money now. He carried it home carefully. He held it with great care. His brothers saw it. They were very curious. "What is this?" asked Pat. Pat looked at the shiny thing. He took it. Pat held the egg. It rolled down a hill. It went down fast. A hare hopped out. The hare was quick and brown. "Look! A baby horse!" cried Con. Con was very excited. They chased the hare. They ran after it quickly. They could not catch it. The hare was too fast. The brothers traded their things for silly stuff. They made many bad trades. They traded a horse for shiny glass. The glass was not useful. They traded pigs for a ribbon. The ribbon was pretty but small. Another brother, Shamus, sat by the fire. Shamus felt very warm. He was too hot. He wanted to be cooler. "Can you help?" he asked Mason Giblin. Giblin was a clever mason. "Give me your land," said Giblin. Giblin wanted the field. "I will move the fire." Giblin promised to help. Giblin moved the chair. He moved it away. He did not move the fire. The fire stayed in place. "That is better," he said. Giblin smiled slyly. Shamus gave him his field. Shamus lost his land. Soon, the brothers had no fields. They had no land left. They all lived in one small house. It was very crowded. Neighbor O'Toole and Mason Giblin wanted the house. They wanted to take it. The wives of O'Toole and Giblin were kind. Katie and Judy were nice. They brought food to the silly brothers. They brought bread and soup. "Here is some food," said Katie. Katie gave them the food. One day, the brothers sat in a circle. They sat on the ground. Their feet were all together. Their feet were mixed up. "We can't get up," said Pat. Pat was confused. "We cannot find our feet." They could not stand up. Neighbor O'Toole saw them. O'Toole had an idea. "I will help you," he said. O'Toole wanted to trick them. "Give me your house." O'Toole asked for the house. The brothers said yes. They agreed to the deal. O'Toole made a loud noise. He clapped his hands loudly. The brothers jumped up. They were very surprised. They found their own feet. They stood up quickly. O'Toole took their house. O'Toole got the house. The brothers had nothing left. They had no home. They felt very silly. They were sad and silly. The brothers learned silliness can lose things. It is good to think carefully. Thinking is very important. The kind wives still brought them food. The wives helped them every day. The brothers started to think more. They began to use their heads.
Original Story
THE STORY OF THE MCANDREW FAMILY
long time ago, in the County Mayo, there lived a rich man of the name of McAndrew. He owned cows and horses without number, not to mention ducks and geese and pigs; and his land extended as far as the eye could reach on the four sides of you.
McAndrew was a lucky man, the neighbours all said; but as for himself, when he looked on his seven big sons growing up like weeds and with scarcely any more sense, he felt sore enough, for of all the stupid omadhauns the seven McAndrew brothers were the stupidest.
When the youngest grew to be a man, the father built a house for each of them, and gave every one a piece of land and a few cows, hoping to make men of them before he died, for, as the old man said: [98]
"While God spares my life, I'll be able to have an eye to them, and maybe they will learn from experience."
The seven young McAndrews were happy enough. Their fields were green, their cows were fat and sleek, and they thought they would never see a poor day.
All went well for a time, and the day of the Fair of Killalla was as fine a day as ever shone in Ireland, when the whole seven got ready to be off, bright and early, in the morning.
Each one of them drove before him three fine cows, and a finer herd, when they were all together, was never seen in the country far or near.
Now, there was a smart farmer, named O'Toole, whose fields were nearing on the McAndrews', and he had many a time set his heart on the fine cattle belonging to his easy-going neighbours; so when he saw them passing with their twenty-one cows he went out and hailed them.
"Where are ye going to, this fine morning?"
"It's to the Fair of Killalla we're going, to sell these fine cows our father gave us," they all answered together.
"And are ye going to sell cows that the Evil Eye has long been set on? Oh, Con and Shamus, I would never belave it of ye, even if that spalpeen of a Pat would do such a thing; any one would think that the spirit of the good mother that bore ye would stretch out a hand and kape ye from committing such a mortal sin."
This O'Toole said to the three eldest, who stood trembling, while the four younger ones stuck their knuckles into their eyes and began to cry.
"Oh, indade, Mr. O'Toole, we never knew that the cows were under the Evil Eye. How did ye find it out? Oh, [99] sorra the day when such a fine lot of cattle should go to the bad," answered Con.
"Indade ye may well ask it, whin it's meself that was always a good neighbour and kept watch on auld Judy, the witch, when she used to stand over there laughing at the ravens flying over the cows. Do ye mind the time yer father spoke ugly to her down by the cross-roads? She never forgot it, and now yer twenty-one fine cows will never be worth the hides on their backs."
"Worra, worra, worra," roared the seven McAndrews, so loud that pretty Katie O'Toole bobbed her head out of the window, and the hindermost cows began to caper like mad.
"The spell has come upon them!" cried Shamus. "Oh! what'll we do? What'll we do?"
"Hould yer whist, man alive," said O'Toole. "I'm a good neighbour, as I said before, so to give ye a lift in the world I'll take the risk on meself and buy the cows from ye for the price of their hides. Sure no harm can be done to the hides for making leather, so I'll give ye a shilling apiece, and that's better than nothing. Twenty-one bright shillings going to the fair may make yer fortune."
It seemed neck or nothing with the McAndrews, and they accepted the offer, thanking O'Toole for his generosity, and helped him drive the cows into his field. Then they set off for the fair. [100]
They had never been in a fair before, and when they saw the fine sights they forgot all about the cows, and only remembered that they had each a shilling to spend.
Every one knew the McAndrews, and soon a crowd gathered round them, praising their fine looks and telling them what a fine father they had to give them so much money, so that the seven omadhauns lost their heads entirely, and treated right and left until there wasn't a farthing left of the twenty-one shillings. Then they staggered home a little the worse for the fine whisky they drank with the boys.
It was a sorry day for old McAndrew when his seven sons came home without a penny of the price of their twenty-one fine cows, and he vowed he'd never give them any more.
So one day passed with another, and the seven young McAndrews were as happy as could be until the fine old father fell sick and died.
The eldest son came in for all the father had, so he felt like a lord. To see him strut and swagger was a sight to make a grum growdy laugh.
One day, to show how fine he could be, he dressed in his best, and with a purse filled with gold pieces started off for the market town.
When he got there, in he walked to a public-house, and called for the best of everything, and to make a fine fellow of himself he tripled the price of everything to the landlord. As soon as he got through his eye suddenly caught sight of a little keg, all gilded over to look like gold, that hung outside the door for a sign. Con had never heeded it before, and he asked the landlord what it was. [101]
Now the landlord, like many another, had it in mind that he might as well get all he could out of a McAndrew, and he answered quickly:
"You stupid omadhaun, don't you know what that is? It's a mare's egg."
"And will a foal come out of it?"
"Of course; what a question to ask a dacent man!"
"I niver saw one before," said the amazed McAndrew.
"Well, ye see one now, Con, and take a good look at it."
"Will ye sell it?"
"Och, Con McAndrew, do ye think I want to sell that fine egg afther kaping it so long hung up there before the sun—when it is ready to hatch out a foal that will be worth twenty good guineas to me?"
"I'll give ye twenty guineas for it," answered Con.
"Thin it's a bargain," said the landlord; and he took down the keg and handed it to Con, who handed out the twenty guineas, all the money he had.
"Be careful of it, and carry it as aisy as ye can, and when ye get home hang it up in the sun."
Con promised, and set off home with his prize.
Near the rise of a hill he met his brothers.
"What have ye, Con?"
"The most wonderful thing in the world—a mare's egg."
"Faith, what is it like?" asked Pat, taking it from Con.
"Go aisy, can't ye? It's very careful ye have to be."
But the brothers took no heed to Con, and before one could say, "whist," away rolled the keg down the hill, while all seven ran after it; but before any one could catch it, [102] it rolled into a clump of bushes, and in an instant out hopped a hare.
"Bedad, there's the foal," cried Con, and all seven gave chase; but there was no use trying to catch a hare.
"That's the foinest foal that ever was, if he was five year old the devil himself could not catch him," Con said; and with that the seven omadhauns gave up the chase and went quietly home.
As I said before, every one had it in mind to get all he could get out of the McAndrews.
Every one said, "One man might as well have it as another, for they're bound to spend every penny they have."
So their money dwindled away; then a fine horse would go for a few bits of glass they took for precious stones, and by-and-by a couple of pigs or a pair of fine geese for a bit of ribbon to tie on a hat; and at last their land began to go.
One day Shamus was sitting by his fireplace warming himself, and to make a good fire he threw on a big heap of turf so that by-and-by it got roaring hot, and instead [103] of feeling chilly as he had before, Shamus got as hot as a spare-rib on a spit. Just then in came his youngest brother.
"That's a great fire ye have here, Shamus."
"It is, indade, and too near it is to me; run like a good boy to Giblin, the mason, and see if he can't move the chimney to the other side of the room."
The youngest McAndrew did as he was bid, and soon in came Giblin, the mason.
"Ye're in a sad plight, Shamus, roasting alive; what can I do for ye?"
"Can ye move the chimney over beyant?"
"Faith, I can, but ye will have to move a bit; just go out for a walk with yer brother, and the job will be done when ye come back."
Shamus did as he was bid, and Giblin took the chair the omadhaun was sitting on and moved it away from the fire, and then sat down for a quiet laugh for himself and to consider on the price he'd charge for the job.
When Shamus came back, Giblin led him to the chair, saying:
"Now, isn't that a great deal better?"
"Ye're a fine man, Giblin, and ye did it without making a bit of dirt; what'll I give ye for so fine a job?"
"If ye wouldn't mind, I'd like the meadow field nearing on mine. It's little enough for a job like that."
"It's yours and welcome, Giblin"; and without another word the deed was drawn.
That was the finest of the McAndrew fields, and the only pasture land left to Shamus.
It was not long before it came about that first one and [104] then another lost the house he lived in, until all had to live together in the father's old place.
O'Toole and Giblin had encroached field by field, and there was nothing left but the old house and a strip of garden that none of them knew how to till.
It was hard times for the seven McAndrews, but they were happy and contented as long as they had enough to eat, and that they had surely, for the wives of the men who got away all their fine lands and cattle, had sore hearts when they saw their men enriched at the expense of the omadhauns, and every day, unbeknown to their husbands, they carried them meat and drink.
O'Toole and Giblin now had their avaricious eyes set on the house and garden, and they were on the watch for a chance to clutch them, when luck, or something worse, threw the chance in the way of O'Toole.
He was returning from town one day just in the cool of the afternoon, when he spied the seven brothers by the roadside, sitting in a circle facing each other.
"What may ye be doing here instead of earning yer salt, ye seven big sturks?"
"We're in a bad fix, Mr. O'Toole," answered Pat. "We can't get up."
"What's to hinder ye from getting up? I'd like to know."
"Don't ye see our feet are all here together in the middle, and not for the life of us can we each tell our own. You see if one of us gets up he don't know what pair of feet to take with him."
O'Toole was never so ready to laugh before in his life, but he thought: [105]
"Now's me chance to get the house and garden before Giblin, the mason, comes round"; so he looked very grave and said: "I suppose it is hard to tell one man's feet from another's when they're all there in a heap, but I think I can help you as I have many a time before. It would be a sorry day for ye if ye did not have me for a neighbour. What will ye give me if I help you find yer feet?"
"Anything, anything we have, so that we can get up from here," answered the whole seven together.
"Will ye give me the house and garden?"
"Indade we will; what good is a house and garden, if we have to sit here all the rest of our lives?"
"Then it's a bargain," said O'Toole; and with that he went over to the side of the road and pulled a good stout rod. Then he commenced to belabour the poor McAndrews over the heads, feet, shoulders, and any place he could get in a stroke, until with screeches of pain they all jumped up, every one finding his own feet, and away they ran.
So O'Toole got the last of the property of the McAndrews, and there was nothing left for them but to go and beg.
[106]
Story DNA
Moral
Foolishness and naivety can lead to exploitation and ruin.
Plot Summary
The wealthy McAndrew family's seven incredibly foolish sons inherit their father's fortune but are quickly targeted by cunning neighbors. O'Toole tricks them into selling their cows for a pittance, claiming they are cursed, and a landlord sells the eldest son a keg as a 'mare's egg'. Gradually, the brothers are swindled out of all their land and possessions through various schemes, eventually losing their individual homes and living together. Finally, O'Toole tricks them into giving him their last possession, their father's house and garden, by 'helping' them find their own feet when they are unable to distinguish them, leaving the McAndrew brothers as beggars.
Themes
Emotional Arc
innocence to suffering
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Reflects a common folk tale trope of the 'wise fool' or 'simpleton' being exploited, often with a regional flavor. The exploitation of the naive by the cunning is a recurring theme in Irish folklore.
Plot Beats (15)
- Old McAndrew, a rich man, has seven incredibly stupid sons.
- He builds houses and gives land/cows to each son, hoping they'll learn before he dies.
- The father dies, leaving the sons to their own devices.
- The seven sons head to the Killalla Fair to sell their cows.
- Cunning neighbor O'Toole convinces them their cows are under an 'Evil Eye' and buys all 21 for a shilling each (the price of their hides).
- The sons spend their shillings foolishly at the fair and return home penniless.
- The eldest son, Con, goes to market and is tricked by a landlord into buying a gilded keg, believing it to be a 'mare's egg' that will hatch a foal, for all his money.
- Con's brothers accidentally roll the 'mare's egg' down a hill, and a hare hops out, which they believe is the 'finest foal'.
- The McAndrews continue to be swindled out of their possessions (horses for glass, pigs for ribbon, land for trivial services).
- Shamus, one of the brothers, is tricked by mason Giblin into giving up his last meadow for Giblin moving his chair away from the fire.
- Eventually, all the brothers lose their individual homes and must live together in their father's old house.
- The wives of O'Toole and Giblin, feeling pity, secretly bring food and drink to the McAndrews.
- O'Toole finds the seven brothers sitting in a circle, unable to get up because they can't tell whose feet are whose.
- O'Toole offers to help them 'find their feet' in exchange for their last possession, the house and garden.
- O'Toole beats them with a rod until they jump up, finding their own feet, and he takes their house, leaving them as beggars.
Characters
McAndrew ◆ supporting
None explicitly mentioned, but implied to be a man of means and advanced age.
Attire: Implied to be that of a wealthy landowner in County Mayo, Ireland.
Concerned, frustrated, generous, eventually resigned.
Image Prompt & Upload
A middle-aged man with a kind, weathered face and short, salt-and-pepper hair. He wears a practical linen shirt, a brown leather vest, and sturdy trousers. His expression is gentle and approachable, with a slight, knowing smile. He stands in a relaxed, open posture, as if ready to offer assistance. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Con McAndrew ★ protagonist
One of seven big sons, implied to be physically strong but lacking in sense.
Attire: Simple, likely peasant or farmer's attire, later a 'best' outfit for market.
Gullible, easily amazed, foolish, easily swayed.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young man in his late teens with a determined expression and windswept chestnut hair. He wears a worn leather tunic over a simple linen shirt, sturdy brown trousers, and scuffed boots. A sheathed short sword is belted at his hip, and a small leather backpack is slung over one shoulder. He stands on a misty forest path, one hand resting on the sword's pommel, looking forward with resolute green eyes. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Shamus McAndrew ★ protagonist
One of seven big sons, implied to be physically strong but lacking in sense.
Attire: Simple, likely peasant or farmer's attire.
Gullible, foolish, easily tricked, prone to discomfort.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young man in his early twenties with a determined expression, standing tall with confident posture. He has short, wavy auburn hair and a faint scar across his left cheek. He wears a weathered leather tunic over a cream-colored linen shirt, sturdy brown trousers, and scuffed leather boots. A simple woolen traveling cloak is draped over his shoulders, fastened with a bronze clasp. His hand rests on the hilt of a sheathed sword at his hip. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Pat McAndrew ★ protagonist
One of seven big sons, implied to be physically strong but lacking in sense.
Attire: Simple, likely peasant or farmer's attire.
Gullible, foolish, easily confused, prone to crying.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young man in his late teens with a determined expression, standing tall with a heroic posture. He has tousled chestnut hair and bright, observant eyes. He wears a weathered leather tunic over a simple linen shirt, sturdy brown trousers, and scuffed boots. A deep green cloak is fastened at his shoulder with a simple bronze clasp. He holds a worn wooden staff in his right hand, his grip firm. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
O'Toole ⚔ antagonist
A smart farmer, implying shrewdness rather than specific physical traits.
Attire: Farmer's attire, appropriate for County Mayo.
Cunning, avaricious, manipulative, opportunistic, deceitful.
Image Prompt & Upload
A tall, gaunt man in his late 50s with a sharp, angular face, thin lips curled into a perpetual sneer, and cold, calculating grey eyes. His slicked-back silver hair is perfectly groomed. He wears a tailored, charcoal-black wool coat over a dark burgundy vest and crisp white shirt, with a silver pocket watch chain visible. His posture is rigid and imposing, standing with one hand resting on a silver-headed cane, the other tucked into his coat pocket. The lighting is dramatic, casting deep shadows across his face. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Giblin ⚔ antagonist
A mason, implying a sturdy build.
Attire: Workman's clothes, appropriate for a mason.
Cunning, avaricious, manipulative, opportunistic, amused.
Image Prompt & Upload
A menacing goblin-like creature with greenish-gray skin covered in warts and scars, sharp pointed ears, small beady yellow eyes glowing with malice, a crooked nose, and a wide mouth full of jagged teeth in a sinister grin. He is short and hunched with wiry limbs and clawed hands. He wears tattered dark leather armor with mismatched metal plates, a ragged hooded cloak in deep burgundy, and a belt of pouches and stolen trinkets. His posture is crouched and predatory, leaning forward with one hand gripping a rusty curved dagger. His expression is cunning and cruel. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature
Katie O'Toole ○ minor
Described as 'pretty'.
Attire: Implied to be simple, perhaps a dress, as she bobs her head out a window.
Curious.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young girl around eight years old with bright red curly hair and freckles across her nose, wearing a simple green pinafore dress over a white blouse, brown leather ankle boots, and a small wicker basket in her hand. She stands in a sun-dappled forest clearing, looking up with wide curious eyes at a butterfly resting on a nearby mushroom. Her posture is slightly leaning forward with wonder, one foot slightly raised as if about to take a step. The scene has soft, magical lighting filtering through the trees. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Judy ○ minor
A witch, implying an older, possibly disheveled appearance.
Attire: Implied to be that of a local witch, possibly tattered or dark clothing.
Spiteful, vengeful.
Image Prompt & Upload
A young girl around ten years old with wide, curious hazel eyes and light brown hair in two loose braids. She wears a simple, slightly oversized cream-colored tunic dress with a frayed hem and a thin leather belt. Her posture is slightly hunched, as if listening intently, holding a small, faintly glowing amber orb in her cupped hands. Her expression is a mix of wonder and caution. Plain white background, full body visible head to toe, single figure, no watermark, no text, no signature.
Locations
McAndrew Family Land
Extensive land in County Mayo, Ireland, with green fields, cows, horses, ducks, geese, and pigs. It extends as far as the eye can reach.
Mood: Initially prosperous and abundant, later becoming diminished and encroached upon.
The initial setting of the family's wealth and the location where the brothers drive their cows to the fair.
Image Prompt & Upload
A sweeping vista of McAndrew Family Land in County Mayo, Ireland, at sunrise. The first golden light spills over endless, rolling green fields divided by ancient stone walls and hedgerows. A gentle morning mist clings to the valleys. In the middle distance, a small herd of black and white cows grazes near a cluster of oaks. Closer, a chestnut horse stands in a dewy meadow while ducks and geese gather at the edge of a still, reflective pond. The sky is a soft gradient of peach and lavender with a few wispy clouds. The atmosphere is peaceful, fresh, and expansively rural. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration
The Fair of Killalla
A bustling public gathering place with many sights and activities, where goods are bought and sold.
Mood: Exciting, overwhelming, and distracting for the naive McAndrews.
The McAndrew brothers sell their cows for a pittance and then squander their money on drink and treats.
Image Prompt & Upload
Late afternoon golden hour bathes The Fair of Killalla in a warm, amber glow. A wide, cobblestone plaza is lined with vibrant, half-timbered stalls draped in colorful awnings, overflowing with exotic fruits, polished brassware, and bolts of rich fabric. The air feels hazy with dust motes dancing in the slanted sunlight. In the center, a weathered stone fountain trickles water. Surrounding the square are tall, gabled houses with thatched roofs, their windows glowing softly. A few ancient oak trees provide dappled shade. The atmosphere is lively and prosperous, captured in a moment of bustling stillness. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration
Public-house in the Market Town
A lively establishment where drinks are served, featuring a gilded keg hanging outside as a sign.
Mood: Deceptive, opportunistic, and a place of foolish transactions.
Con McAndrew is tricked into buying a 'mare's egg' (a gilded keg) for twenty guineas.
Image Prompt & Upload
At dusk in a cobblestone market square, a timber-framed public house glows with warm lantern light from its leaded windows. A large, intricately carved wooden sign hangs above the entrance, featuring a polished gilded keg that catches the last rays of sunset. The building's whitewashed walls and dark oak beams are adorned with climbing ivy. Empty wooden benches and a hitching post sit nearby. The atmosphere is inviting and still, with a soft mist gathering over the stones as evening settles. Rich amber and deep blue tones dominate the scene. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
Shamus's House (before losing it)
A room with a fireplace, where Shamus sits warming himself by a roaring turf fire.
Mood: Initially comfortable, then becoming a place of foolishness and loss.
Shamus, feeling too hot, asks Giblin the mason to move his chimney, leading to him losing his best meadow.
Image Prompt & Upload
Evening light filters through small, leaded glass windows into a cozy, low-ceilinged room. The central feature is a large, rough-hewn stone fireplace where a roaring turf fire crackles merrily, casting a warm, flickering orange glow across the space. The firelight illuminates the worn, honey-colored wooden floorboards, the sturdy oak beams overhead, and the simple, well-used furniture—a sturdy table and a cushioned settle. The air seems thick with the smoky, earthy scent of burning peat. Shadows dance in the corners of the room, while the warm light makes the red clay pots and copper kettle on the hearth gleam. Outside the windows, the deep blue of twilight settles over a quiet, unseen landscape. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
The Father's Old Place (McAndrew's last home)
The original family home, now the shared residence of all seven brothers, with a strip of untended garden.
Mood: Humble, contented despite hardship, but ultimately vulnerable to further exploitation.
The final refuge of the McAndrew brothers before they lose even this last piece of property to O'Toole.
Image Prompt & Upload
A weathered two-story stone house with a sagging porch roof and peeling paint, nestled under ancient oak trees at twilight. The untended garden is a riot of overgrown lavender, wild roses, and tall, seeding grasses that brush against the sagging wooden fence. A single warm light glows from a downstairs window, casting long shadows across the weedy path. The sky is a deep indigo with the first stars appearing, and a cool mist clings to the damp earth. Moss clings to the stone foundation and the slate roof tiles. no border, no frame, no watermark, no text, no signature, edge-to-edge illustration.
