The Tale of Ivan
by Joseph Jacobs
Ivan and the Wise Advice
Once, there was a man named Ivan. He wanted to work hard. He left his wife to find work. He found a kind farmer. Each year, the farmer asked Ivan a question. "Do you want money or advice?" Ivan always chose the advice.
The farmer gave Ivan good advice. "Stay on the old road," he said. "Avoid unsafe places," he said. "Be honest," he said. Ivan listened carefully.
The farmer gave Ivan a special cake. "Eat it when you are very happy," he said.
Ivan started his journey home. He met three men on the road. They wanted to take a new road. Ivan remembered the advice. He took the old road instead. Soon, thieves tried to steal from the three men. Ivan shouted loudly. The thieves ran away quickly.
The three men were very thankful. They found an inn to stay in. The inn lady was there. An old man was also there. The inn seemed strange and unsafe. Ivan decided to stay next door.
That night, Ivan looked out his window. He saw a bad thing happen. The inn lady and a monk stole from the old man. Ivan was brave. He cut a small piece of the monk's robe.
The next day, the inn lady told a lie. She said the three men stole something. The men were in big trouble. Ivan knew he must be honest. He told everyone the truth. He showed them the piece of cloth. The three men were freed. The inn lady and the monk were caught.
Ivan finally went home to his wife. She had found a gold purse. "We should return it," said Ivan. They gave it to the lord's servant.
Later, the lord asked about the purse. The servant had kept it for himself. The lord was very happy with Ivan. He gave Ivan a good job.
Ivan felt very happy now. He remembered the cake. He broke it open. His three years of wages were inside! Being honest and listening to good advice helps you and makes you happy.
Original Story
THE TALE OF IVAN here were formerly a man and a woman living in the parish of Llanlavan, in the place which is called Hwrdh. And work became scarce, so the man said to his wife, "I will go search for work, and you may live here." So he took fair leave, and travelled far toward the East, and at last came to the house of a farmer and asked for work. "What work can ye do?" said the farmer. "I can do all kinds of work," said Ivan. Then they agreed upon three pounds for the year's wages. When the end of the year came his master showed him the three pounds. "See, Ivan," said he, "here's your wage; but if you will give it me back I'll give you a piece of advice instead." "Give me my wage," said Ivan. "No, I'll not," said the master; "I'll explain my advice." [213] "Tell it me, then," said Ivan. Then, said the master, "Never leave the old road for the sake of a new one." After that they agreed for another year at the old wages, and at the end of it Ivan took instead a piece of advice, and this was it: "Never lodge where an old man is married to a young woman." The same thing happened at the end of the third year, when the piece of advice was: "Honesty is the best policy." But Ivan would not stay longer, but wanted to go back to his wife. "Don't go to-day," said his master; "my wife bakes to-morrow, and she shall make thee a cake to take home to thy good woman." And when Ivan was going to leave, "Here," said his master, "here is a cake for thee to take home to thy wife, and, when ye are most joyous together, then break the cake, and not sooner." So he took fair leave of them and travelled towards home, and at last he came to Wayn Her, and there he met three merchants from Tre Rhyn, of his own parish, coming home from Exeter Fair. "Oho! Ivan," said they, "come with us; glad are we to see you. Where have you been so long?" "I have been in service," said Ivan, "And now I'm going home to my wife." "Oh, come with us! you'll be right welcome." But when they took the new road Ivan kept to the old one. And robbers fell upon them before they had gone far from Ivan as they were going by the [214] fields of the houses in the meadow. They began to cry out, "Thieves!" and Ivan shouted out, "Thieves!" too. And when the robbers heard Ivan's shout they ran away, and the merchants went by the new road and Ivan by the old one till they met again at Market-Jew. "Oh, Ivan," said the merchants, "we are beholding to you; but for you we would have been lost men. Come lodge with us at our cost, and welcome." When they came to the place where they used to lodge, Ivan said, "I must see the host." "The host," they cried; "what do you want with the host? Here is the hostess, and she's young and pretty. If you want to see the host you'll find him in the kitchen." So he went into the kitchen to see the host; he found him a weak old man turning the spit. "Oh! oh!" quoth Ivan, "I'll not lodge here, but will go next door." "Not yet," said the merchants, "sup with us, and welcome." Now it happened that the hostess had plotted with a certain monk in Market-Jew to murder the old man in his bed that night while the rest were asleep, and they agreed to lay it on the lodgers. So while Ivan was in bed next door, there was a hole in the pine-end of the house, and he saw a light through it. So he got up and looked, and heard the monk speaking. "I had better cover this hole," said he, "or people in the next house may see our deeds." So he stood with his back against it while the hostess killed the old man. [215] But meanwhile Ivan out with his knife, and putting it through the whole, cut a round piece off the monk's robe. The very next morning the hostess raised the cry that her husband was murdered, and as there was neither man nor child in the house but the merchants, she declared they ought to be hanged for it. So they were taken and carried to prison, till at last Ivan came to them. "Alas! alas! Ivan," cried they, "bad luck sticks to us; our host was killed last night, and we shall be hanged for it." "Ah, tell the justices," said Ivan, "to summon the real murderers." "Who knows," they replied, "who committed the crime?" "Who committed the crime!" said Ivan. "If I cannot prove who committed the crime, hang me in your stead." So he told all he knew, and brought out the piece of cloth from the monk's robe, and with that the merchants were set at liberty, and the hostess and the monk were seized and hanged. Then they came all together out of Market-Jew, and they said to him: "Come as far as Coed Carrn y Wylfa, the Wood of the Heap of Stones of Watching, in the parish of Burman." Then their two roads separated, and though the merchants wished Ivan to go with them, he would not go with them, but went straight home to his wife. And when his wife saw him she said: "Home in the nick of time. Here's a purse of gold that I've [216] found; it has no name, but sure it belongs to the great lord yonder. I was just thinking what to do when you came." Then Ivan thought of the third counsel, and he said: "Let us go and give it to the great lord." So they went up to the castle, but the great lord was not in it, so they left the purse with the servant that minded the gate, and then they went home again and lived in quiet for a time. But one day the great lord stopped at their house for a drink of water, and Ivan's wife said to him: "I hope your lordship found your lordship's purse quite safe with all its money in it." "What purse is that you are talking about?" said the lord. "Sure, it's your lordship's purse that I left at the castle," says Ivan. "Come with me and we will see into the matter," said the lord. So Ivan and his wife went up to the castle, and there they pointed out the man to whom they had given the purse, and he had to give it up and was sent away from the castle. And the lord was so pleased with Ivan that he made him his servant in the stead of the thief. "Honesty's the best policy!" quoth Ivan, as he skipped about in his new quarters. "How joyful I am!" Then he thought of his old master's cake that he was to eat when he was most joyful, and when he broke it, lo and behold, inside it was his wages for the three years he had been with him. [217]
Moral of the Story
Following wise advice and acting with honesty will lead to good fortune and protect you from harm.
Characters
Ivan ★ protagonist
None explicitly mentioned, likely a common man of the period.
Attire: Simple, durable clothing suitable for a laborer and traveler in 19th-century Wales.
Honest, observant, follows advice, resourceful.
The Master ◆ supporting
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: Clothing of a farmer/employer in 19th-century Wales.
Wise, cunning, testing, generous.
Ivan's Wife ◆ supporting
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: Simple, practical dress of a peasant woman in 19th-century Wales.
Honest, dutiful, a good homemaker.
The Hostess ⚔ antagonist
Young and pretty.
Attire: Innkeeper's attire, likely a dress with an apron, suitable for the period.
Deceptive, murderous, greedy.
The Monk ⚔ antagonist
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: A monk's robe.
Complicit, criminal, deceitful.
The Great Lord ◆ supporting
None explicitly mentioned.
Attire: Fine clothing befitting a lord of a castle in 19th-century Wales.
Just, appreciative, wealthy.
Locations
The Old Road
A well-trodden path, contrasting with a 'new road'.
Mood: safe, familiar, wise
Ivan follows his master's first advice, avoiding robbers who attack merchants on the new road.
Inn in Market-Jew
A lodging house where an old man is married to a young woman. Ivan finds the host in the kitchen, a 'weak old man turning the spit'. There's a hole in the 'pine-end' of the house next door.
Mood: suspicious, dangerous, tense
Ivan observes a murder plot through a hole in the wall, leading to the capture of the murderers and the merchants' release.
Ivan's Home
Ivan's humble dwelling where he lives with his wife. Later, the great lord stops there for a drink of water.
Mood: peaceful, domestic, honest
Ivan's wife finds a purse of gold, and Ivan applies his third piece of advice, leading to his employment at the castle.
The Castle
The residence of the great lord, where Ivan and his wife return the purse. Later, Ivan becomes a servant there and finds his wages hidden in a cake.
Mood: noble, just, rewarding
Ivan returns the lost purse, exposes a thieving servant, and is rewarded with a position, ultimately discovering his three years' wages.
Story DNA
Moral
Following wise advice and acting with honesty will lead to good fortune and protect you from harm.
Plot Summary
Ivan leaves home for work and, over three years, chooses wise advice from his master instead of wages. Following this advice, he avoids robbers, escapes a murder plot, and exposes the true culprits, saving innocent merchants. Upon returning home, he and his wife return a found purse of gold to a lord, demonstrating honesty. As a reward for his integrity, the lord hires Ivan, and he finally discovers his three years' wages hidden inside a cake given by his old master, proving the value of wisdom and honesty.
Themes
Emotional Arc
struggle to triumph
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
Joseph Jacobs was a folklorist who collected and retold British and Irish fairy tales in the late 19th century. This tale reflects common European folklore motifs of a protagonist gaining wisdom through trials and being rewarded for virtue.
Plot Beats (14)
- Ivan leaves his wife to find work and secures a job with a farmer for three years.
- At the end of each year, Ivan chooses a piece of advice over his wages: 'Never leave the old road for the sake of a new one,' 'Never lodge where an old man is married to a young woman,' and 'Honesty is the best policy.'
- Ivan's master gives him a cake to take home, with instructions to break it only when most joyous.
- On his journey home, Ivan meets three merchants and, following the first advice, takes the old road while they take a new one, thus avoiding robbers.
- The robbers attack the merchants, but Ivan's shouts scare them away, and the merchants thank him.
- The merchants invite Ivan to lodge with them, but Ivan, following the second advice, refuses to stay in their inn after seeing the old host married to a young hostess.
- From the next-door inn, Ivan witnesses the hostess and a monk murder the old host and cuts a piece of the monk's robe as evidence.
- The hostess falsely accuses the merchants of murder, leading to their imprisonment.
- Ivan reveals the truth and his evidence, leading to the execution of the hostess and the monk and the release of the merchants.
- Ivan returns home to his wife, who has found a purse of gold.
- Following the third advice, Ivan and his wife return the purse to the great lord, leaving it with a servant.
- The lord later questions Ivan about the purse, and Ivan exposes the servant who kept it.
- The lord, impressed by Ivan's honesty, hires him as a servant.
- Ivan, in his new joyful state, breaks the cake from his old master and finds his three years' wages inside.
