The Months
by Unknown · from Tales of Laughter: A third fairy book
Adapted Version
Once upon a time, there were two brothers. One brother was Lise. Lise was kind. He was also very poor. The other brother was Cianne. Cianne was rich. He was not kind to Lise.
Lise felt very sad. He had no money. Cianne was not kind to him. So Lise left his home. He walked for a long, long time.
Lise walked many days. One night was very cold. He found a warm house. Inside, he saw twelve young men. They sat by a fire. They were the Months of the year.
One young man spoke to Lise. His name was March. March asked Lise a question. "What do you think of this cold weather?"
Lise smiled at March. He said, "March is good. It makes the flowers grow. All months are good months. We must not say bad things. Each month does its job."
March was very happy. He said, "I am March!" Lise got a box. It was a magic box. "This box can give you anything," March said.
Lise wished for a warm bed. He wished for yummy food. He wished for nice clothes. The magic box gave them all. Lise went home. He looked very grand.
Cianne saw Lise. Lise was rich now. Cianne was surprised. He was not happy. He wanted to be rich too. He heard about the young men.
Cianne ran to the house. He saw the Months. March asked him. Cianne said unkind words. He said bad things about March.
March was not happy. He gave Cianne a special whip. "This whip will make you rich," March said. Cianne took the whip. He smiled a big smile.
Cianne went home. He tried to use the whip. The whip did not give money. It made Cianne jump. It made him spin around. He felt very silly. He felt uncomfortable.
Lise heard Cianne. He ran to him. Lise used his magic box. The whip stopped at once. Lise told Cianne, "Your words made this happen."
Lise was kind to Cianne. He shared his food. He shared his clothes. Lise said, "Be kind now. Say nice things about everyone. This is very good."
Cianne said sorry. He became kind. The brothers lived together. They shared everything. They were both happy.
It is good to be kind. It is good to say nice things. Good words make good things happen.
Original Story
The Months
It is a saying worthy to be written in letters as big as those on a catafalque, that silence never harmed any one, and let it not be imagined that those slanderers who never speak well of others, but are always cutting and stinging and pinching and biting, ever gain anything by their malice; for when the bags come to be shaken out, it has always been seen, and is so still, that while the good word gains love and profit, slander brings enmity and ruin, and when you shall have heard how this happens, you will see I speak with reason.
Once upon a time there were two brothers, Cianne, who was as rich as a lord, and Lise, who had barely enough to live upon; but poor as one was in fortune, so pitiful was the other in mind, for he would not have given his brother a farthing were it to save his life; so that poor Lise in despair left his country, and set out to wander over the world. And he wandered on and on, till one wet and cold evening he came to an inn, where he found twelve youths seated around a fire, who, when they saw poor Lise benumbed with cold, partly from the severe season and partly from his ragged clothes, invited him to sit down by the fire.
Lise accepted the invitation, for he needed it greatly, and began to warm himself, and as he was doing so, one of the young men, whose face was such a picture of moroseness as to make you die of affright, said to him: “What think you, countryman, of this weather?”
“What do I think of it?” replied Lise. “I think that all the months of the year perform their duty; but we, who know not what we would have, wish to give less praise to Heaven, and, wanting to have things our own way, we do not fish deeply enough to the bottom to find out whether what comes into our fancy be good or evil, useful or hurtful. In winter when it 21rains, we want the sun in Leo, and in the month of August the clouds to discharge themselves; not reflecting that were this the case, the seasons would be turned topsy-turvy, the seed sown would be lost, the crops would be destroyed, the bodies of men would faint away, and nature would go head over heels. Therefore, let us leave Heaven to its own course; for it has made the tree to mitigate with wood the severity of winter, and leaves to soften the heat of summer.”
“You speak like Solomon!” said the youth; “but you cannot deny that this month of March, in which we now are, is very impertinent to send all this frost and rain, snow and hail, wind and storm, these fogs and tempests and other troubles, that make one’s life a burden.”
“You tell only the ill of this poor month,” replied Lise, “but do not speak of the benefits it yields to us; for, by bringing forward the spring, it commences the production of things, helps along the cause with the sun, and leads him to the house of the rain.”
The youth was greatly pleased at what Lise said, for he was in truth no other than March himself, who had arrived at that inn with his eleven brothers, and to reward Lise’s goodness, who had not found anything evil to say of a month so sad that the shepherds do not like to mention it, he gave him a beautiful little casket, saying, “Take this, and if you want anything, only ask for it, and, opening this box, you will see it before you.” Lise thanked the youth, with many expressions of respect, and laying the little box under his head by way of a pillow, he went to sleep.
As soon, however, as the sun, with the pencil of his rays, had retouched the dark shadows of the night, Lise took leave of the youth and set out on his way. But he had hardly proceeded fifty steps from the inn, when, opening the casket, he said: “Ah, my friend, I wish I had a litter lined with cloth, and with a little fire inside, that I might travel warm and comfortable through the snow!” No sooner had he uttered the words, than there appeared a litter, with bearers, who, lifting 22him up, placed him in it; whereupon he told them to carry him home.
When the hour was come for food, Lise opened the little box and said: “I wish for something to eat.” And instantly there appeared a profusion of the choicest food; such a banquet that ten crowned kings might have feasted on it.
One evening, having come to a wood, which did not give admittance to the sun, because he came through suspected places,[1] Lise opened the little casket and said: “I should like to rest tonight on this beautiful spot, where the river is making counterpoint on the stones as accompaniment to the canto-fermo of the cool breezes.” And instantly there appeared, under an oilcloth tent, a couch of fine scarlet, with down mattresses, covered with a Spanish counterpane and sheets as light as a feather. Then he asked for something to eat, and in a trice there was set out a sideboard covered with silver and gold fit for a prince, and under another tent a table spread with viands, the savory smell of which extended a hundred miles.
1. Alluding to the quarantine which ships were subject to in coming from the East.
When he had eaten enough, he laid himself down to sleep, and as soon as the cock, who is the spy of the sun, announced to his master that the shades of night were worn and wearied, and it was now time for him, like a skilful general, to fall upon the rear and make a slaughter of them, Lise opened his little box and said: “I wish to have a handsome dress, for today I shall see my brother, and I should like to make his mouth water.” No sooner said than done; immediately a princely dress of the richest black velvet appeared, with edgings of red camlet, and a lining of yellow cloth embroidered all over, which looked like a field of flowers; so, dressing himself, Lise got into the litter, and soon reached his brother’s house.
When Cianne saw his brother arrive with all his splendor and luxury, he wished to know what good fortune had befallen him. Then Lise told him of the youths whom he had 23met at the inn, and of the present they had made him, but he kept to himself the conversation of the youths.
Cianne was all impatience to get away from his brother, and told him to go and rest himself, as he was no doubt tired. Then he started post-haste, and soon arrived at the inn, where, finding the same youths, he fell into chat with them. And when the youth asked him the same question, what he thought of the month of March, Cianne, making a big mouth, said: “Confound the miserable month! the enemy of the shepherds, which stirs up all the ill-humors and brings sickness to our bodies—a month of which, whenever we want to announce ruin to a man, we say, ‘Go; March has shaved you,’ a month, in short, so hateful that it would be the best fortune for the world, the greatest blessing to the earth, the greatest gain to men, were it excluded from the band of brothers.”
March, who heard himself thus slandered, suppressed his anger till the morning, intending then to reward Cianne for his calumny; and when Cianne wished to depart, he gave him a fine whip, saying to him, “Whenever you wish for anything, only say, ‘Whip, give me an hundred!’ and you shall see pearls strung upon a rush.”
Cianne, thanking the youth, went his way in great haste, not wishing to make trial of the whip until he reached home. But hardly had he set foot in the house, when he went into a secret chamber, intending to hide the money which he expected to receive from the whip, and he said, “Whip, give me an hundred!” whereupon the whip gave him more than he looked for, making counterpoint on his legs and face like a musical composer, so that Lise, hearing his cries, came running out of the study; and when he saw that the whip, like a runaway horse, could not stop itself, he opened the little box and brought it to a standstill. Then he asked Cianne what had happened to him, and, upon hearing his story, he told him he had no one to blame but himself, for, like a blockhead, he alone had caused his misfortune, acting like a camel that wanted to have horns and lose his ears. He bade him mind another time and keep a bridle on his tongue, which was the key that had opened to 24him the storehouse of misfortune; for if he had spoken well of the youths, he would, perhaps, have had the same good luck as himself, and he cautioned him especially to speak well of every one in future, good words being a merchandise that costs nothing, and usually brings profit that is not expected. In conclusion, Lise comforted him, bidding him not seek more wealth than Heaven had given him, that his little casket would suffice to fill the houses of thirty misers, and Cianne should be master of all he possessed, since, to the generous man, Heaven is treasurer, and he added that, although another brother might have ill-will toward Cianne for the cruelty with which he had treated him in his poverty, yet he reflected that his avarice had been a favorable wind which had brought him to this port, and therefore wished to show himself grateful for the benefit.
When Cianne heard these things, he begged his brother’s pardon for his past unkindness, and, entering into partnership, they enjoyed together their good fortune, and from that time forward Cianne spoke well of everything, however bad it might be.
Story DNA
Moral
Speaking kindly and appreciating all things, even the difficult ones, brings good fortune, while slander and ingratitude lead to ruin.
Plot Summary
Lise, a kind but impoverished brother, leaves home due to his wealthy and cruel brother Cianne's neglect. He encounters the personified Months at an inn and, by speaking kindly of the difficult month of March, is rewarded with a magical casket that grants his every wish. Lise returns home in splendor, prompting Cianne to seek the same fortune. However, Cianne slanders March, receiving a magical whip that beats him instead of granting riches. Lise rescues Cianne, teaches him a lesson about gratitude and the power of words, and shares his wealth, leading to Cianne's repentance and their shared prosperity.
Themes
Emotional Arc
suffering to triumph for one, pride to humility for the other
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
This tale, often attributed to Giambattista Basile's 'Pentamerone' (published posthumously in 1634-1636), is one of the earliest collections of European fairy tales. The 'Pentamerone' is known for its elaborate, often flowery language and strong moral undertones, reflecting Baroque literary styles.
Plot Beats (14)
- The story opens with a proverb about the power of words, introducing two brothers: Cianne, rich and mean, and Lise, poor and kind.
- Lise, driven to despair by poverty and his brother's cruelty, leaves home to wander the world.
- One cold evening, Lise finds shelter at an inn where he meets twelve youths, who are the personified Months.
- One of the youths, March, asks Lise what he thinks of the current harsh weather.
- Lise replies with wisdom, stating that all months perform their duty and we should not complain, specifically defending March's benefits.
- March, pleased by Lise's kind words, reveals his identity and gives Lise a magical casket that grants wishes.
- Lise uses the casket to conjure a warm litter, abundant food, luxurious lodging, and princely clothes, returning home in great style.
- Cianne, astonished and envious of Lise's sudden wealth, learns about the youths at the inn but not the details of the conversation.
- Cianne rushes to the inn, finds the Months, and when asked about March, he slanders the month vehemently.
- March, angered by Cianne's insults, gives him a magical whip, telling him it will grant riches.
- Cianne, upon returning home, tries to use the whip, which instead beats him severely.
- Lise hears Cianne's cries, uses his casket to stop the whip, and explains to Cianne that his malice caused his misfortune.
- Lise comforts Cianne, shares his wealth, and advises him to be grateful and speak well of everyone.
- Cianne repents, begs Lise's pardon, and they live together in partnership, with Cianne having learned his lesson about kindness and gratitude.
Characters
Lise
A man of average height and build, initially appearing gaunt and worn from poverty and travel. His face would show the effects of hardship, with perhaps hollowed cheeks and tired eyes, but a gentle demeanor. His skin tone would be that of a southern European peasant, weathered by the elements.
Attire: Initially, he wears ragged, threadbare clothes typical of a poor wanderer in 17th-century Italy: a patched linen shirt, worn wool breeches, and a tattered, thin cloak that offers little protection from the cold. Later, he wears a princely dress of the richest black velvet, with edgings of red camlet, and a lining of yellow cloth embroidered all over with floral patterns.
Wants: To survive and find a better life, and later, to share his good fortune and live peacefully.
Flaw: Initially, his poverty and vulnerability. Later, perhaps a slight naivety in trusting his brother's intentions.
Transforms from a destitute wanderer to a wealthy and benevolent man, demonstrating that inner wisdom and kindness lead to true fortune.
Wise, humble, grateful, observant, forgiving, and generous. He sees the good in all things, even adverse weather.
Cianne
A man of robust build, well-fed and well-dressed, reflecting his wealth. His features might be somewhat coarse or stern, indicative of his avaricious nature. His skin tone would be that of a southern European, perhaps a bit ruddy from good living.
Attire: Rich, fashionable clothing of a wealthy 17th-century Italian lord: a doublet of fine brocade, silk breeches, a heavy velvet cloak, and polished leather boots. His attire would be ostentatious, designed to display his wealth.
Wants: To accumulate more wealth and maintain his superior status over his brother.
Flaw: His insatiable greed and malicious tongue, which lead to his downfall.
Begins as a cruel and greedy antagonist, is punished for his malice, and eventually repents and shares his fortune, learning to speak well of others.
Avaricious, selfish, cruel, greedy, slanderous, and ungrateful. He only sees the negative aspects of things.
March (Youth)
A young man with a face that initially appears morose and stern, reflecting the harshness of his month. He would have a robust build, perhaps a bit rugged, suggesting resilience against the elements. His skin would be fair, perhaps a bit ruddy from cold.
Attire: Clothing that suggests the transition of seasons, perhaps a heavy wool cloak in shades of grey and brown, with hints of green or budding spring colors in its lining or embroidery. His attire would be practical but with an underlying magical quality, fitting for a personification of a month.
Wants: To observe human nature and reward those who appreciate the balance of nature, and punish those who slander it.
Flaw: His pride in his role and perhaps a quickness to anger when slandered.
Acts as a judge of character, rewarding Lise for his wisdom and punishing Cianne for his malice, thereby fulfilling his role in maintaining natural and moral order.
Stern, observant, just, and capable of great generosity or severe punishment. He values honesty and a positive outlook.
Locations
The Inn
A rustic inn, likely a simple, sturdy structure common in rural Italy, with a large fireplace where twelve youths (the Months) are gathered. The atmosphere is initially cold and unwelcoming due to the severe weather outside, but becomes warm and inviting by the fire.
Mood: Initially desolate and cold, then warm, mysterious, and pivotal.
Lise encounters the personified Months and receives the magical casket from March for his kind words. Cianne later visits and receives the cursed whip for his harsh words.
The Wood (Forest)
A dense, sun-dappled wood where the sun 'did not give admittance' due to thick foliage. A river runs through it, making 'counterpoint on the stones'. Lise sets up a luxurious camp here.
Mood: Serene, natural, and later, surprisingly luxurious and comfortable.
Lise uses the magical casket to conjure a lavish camp and feast, demonstrating its power.
Cianne's House
The grand and luxurious home of Cianne, Lise's rich brother. It has a 'secret chamber' where Cianne intends to hide his expected wealth.
Mood: Initially opulent and self-serving, later filled with chaos and pain, then reconciliation.
Lise arrives in splendor, revealing his good fortune. Cianne attempts to use his cursed whip here, leading to his painful comeuppance and eventual reconciliation with Lise.