TWENTIETH GOBLIN
by Unknown · from Twenty-Two Goblins. Translated from the Sanskrit
Adapted Version
The King carried the little Goblin. The Goblin liked to tell stories. "Listen to this story," said the Goblin. "There were four brothers. They lived in a city."
Their father was gone. They had no money. People were not kind to them. The brothers were sad. They had nothing to do. "We must go," they said.
The brothers talked. "We must learn new skills," they said. "We will be smart." Each brother went alone. They would learn one special thing. They would meet again later.
Time passed. The brothers met again. First Brother spoke. "I make a body from bones," he said. Second Brother spoke. "I can add skin and hair," he said. Third Brother spoke. "I put in inside parts," he said. Fourth Brother spoke. "I can make it live," he said.
They went to the forest. They found some big bones. It was a lion's bones. "We will use these," they said.
First Brother used his skill. He made a body on the bones. Second Brother used his skill. He added skin and hair. Third Brother used his skill. He put in the inside parts. Now it looked like a lion. It was not alive yet.
Fourth Brother looked at the lion. He knew it was a lion. Lions are dangerous. But he wanted to show his skill. He used his special skill. He made the lion live.
The lion woke up. It was very big. It was very scary. It roared loudly. The brothers were scared. They tried to run away. But the lion was fast. The brothers were gone.
The Goblin stopped his story. He asked the King a question. "Who made the biggest mistake?" he asked.
The King thought for a moment. "Fourth Brother made the mistake," said the King. "He knew it was a lion. He made it live. Lions are dangerous."
The Goblin ran away. The King followed him. The King caught the Goblin. The King was very smart. He knew the answer. It is important to think. If you have big power, think carefully. Bad things happen if you do not think. The King caught the Goblin again. The end.
Original Story
TWENTIETH GOBLIN
The Four Brothers who brought a Dead Lion to Life. Which is to blame when he kills them all?
Then the king went back to the sissoo tree, took the goblin, put him on his shoulder, and started for the place he wished to reach. And as he walked along the road, the goblin began to talk again: "Bravo, King! You are a remarkable character. So I will tell you another story, and a strange one. Listen."
There is a city called Flower-city. There lived a king named Earth-boar. In his kingdom was a farm where a Brahman lived whose name was Vishnuswami. His wife was named Swaha. And four sons were born to them.
After a time the father died, and the relatives took all the money. So the four brothers consulted together: "There is nothing for us to do here. Suppose we go somewhere." And after a long journey they came to the house of their maternal grandfather in a village called Sacrifice. The grandfather was dead, but their uncles sheltered them, and they continued their studies.
But they did not amount to much, so in time their uncles became scornful in such matters as food and clothing. And they were troubled.
Then the eldest took the others aside and said: "Brothers, no man can do anything anywhere on earth. Now I was wandering about discouraged, and I came to a wood. There I saw to-day a dead man whose limbs lay relaxed on the ground. And I wished for the same fate, and I thought: 'He is happy. He is free from the burden of woe.' So I made up my mind to die, and hanged myself with a rope from a tree. I lost consciousness, but before the breath of life was gone, the cord was cut and I fell to the ground. And when I came to myself, I saw a compassionate man who had happened by at that moment, and he was fanning me with his garment. And he said to me: 'My friend, you are an educated man. Tell me why you are so despondent. The righteous man finds happiness, the unrighteous man finds unhappiness because of his unrighteousness, and for no other reason. If you made up your mind to this because of unhappiness, practise righteousness instead. Why seek the pains of hell by suicide?' Thus the man comforted me and went away. And I gave up the idea of suicide and came here. You see I could not even die when fate was unwilling. Now I shall burn my body at some holy place, that I may not again feel the woes of poverty."
Then the younger brothers said to him: "Sir, why is an intelligent man sad for lack of money? Do you not know that money is uncertain as an autumn cloud? No matter how carefully won and guarded, three things are fickle and bring sorrow at the last: evil friendships, a flirt, and money. The resolute and sensible man should by all means acquire that virtue which brings him Happiness a captive in bonds."
So the eldest brother straightway plucked up heart, and said: "What virtue is it which we should acquire?"
Then they all reflected, and took counsel together: "We will wander over the earth, and each of us will learn some one science." So they appointed a place for meeting, and the four brothers started in four different directions.
After a time they all gathered at the meeting-place, and asked one another what they had learned. The first said: "I have learned a science by which I can take the skeleton of any animal whatever and put the proper kind of flesh on it."
The second said: "I have learned a science by which I can put on the flesh-covered skeleton the proper hair and skin."
The third said: "My science is this. When the skin and the flesh and the hair are there, I can put in the eyes and the other organs of sense."
The fourth said: "When the organs are there, I can give the creature the breath of life."
So all four went into the forest to find a skeleton and test their various sciences. As fate would have it, they found the skeleton of a lion there. And they took that, not knowing the difference.
The lion arose and killed his four creators.
The first fitted out the skeleton with appropriate flesh. The second added the skin and hair. The third provided all the organs. The fourth gave life to the thing, and it was a lion. The lion arose with terrible massive mane, dreadful teeth in his mouth, and curving claws in his paws. He arose and killed his four creators, then ran into the forest.
Thus the Brahman youths all perished because they did wrong to make a lion. Who could expect a good result from creating a bad-tempered creature? Thus, if fate opposes, even a virtue that has been painfully acquired does not profit, but rather injures. But the tree of manhood, with the water of intelligence poured into its watering-trench of conduct about the vigorous root of fate, generally bears good fruit.
When the goblin had told this story, he asked the king who was walking through the night: "O King, remember the curse I mentioned, and tell me which of them was most to blame for creating the lion?"
And the king reflected in silence: "He wants to escape again. Very well. I will catch him again." So he said: "The one who gave life to the lion, is the sinner. The others did not know what kind of an animal it was, and just showed their skill in creating flesh and skin and hair and organs. They were not to blame because they were ignorant. But the one who saw that it was a lion and gave it life just to exhibit his skill, he was guilty of the murder of Brahmans."
Then the goblin went home. And the king followed him again, and came to the sissoo tree.
Story DNA
Moral
One must consider the consequences of their actions, especially when wielding powerful knowledge or skills, as ignorance does not absolve one of responsibility for harm caused.
Plot Summary
Four impoverished Brahman brothers decide to acquire specialized knowledge to overcome their destitution. They each learn a unique science: one to create flesh, one skin and hair, one organs, and one to give life. Upon reuniting, they find a lion's skeleton in the forest and, to demonstrate their skills, proceed to reanimate it. The fourth brother, knowing it is a lion, gives it life, and the creature immediately kills all four of its creators. The story is told by a goblin to a king, who then must determine who was most to blame for the tragedy, concluding it was the one who knowingly gave life to the dangerous beast.
Themes
Emotional Arc
despair to hope to tragic realization
Writing Style
Narrative Elements
Cultural Context
The story is part of a larger collection of tales, 'The Twenty-Five Tales of the Vetala,' where a king is tasked by a sorcerer to retrieve a Vetala (a vampire-like goblin) from a tree. The Vetala tells a story and poses a riddle; if the king answers correctly, the Vetala escapes, if not, the king's head will burst. The king must remain silent to keep the Vetala, but he is compelled to answer.
Plot Beats (12)
- The king carries the goblin, who begins a new story about four Brahman brothers.
- The brothers' father dies, their inheritance is lost, and they face poverty and scorn from their uncles.
- The eldest brother recounts a suicide attempt thwarted by a compassionate man who advised him to seek righteousness.
- The brothers decide to acquire virtue through knowledge and agree to travel separately to learn a science, then meet again.
- After some time, they reunite and each reveals their unique skill: creating flesh, adding skin/hair, providing organs, and giving life.
- They go into the forest and find a lion's skeleton, which they decide to use for their demonstration.
- The first three brothers successfully apply their skills, reconstructing the lion's body.
- The fourth brother, despite knowing it's a lion, gives it the breath of life.
- The reanimated lion immediately kills all four brothers.
- The goblin asks the king who is most to blame for their deaths.
- The king identifies the fourth brother, who gave life to the known lion, as the most culpable.
- The goblin escapes, but the king follows and recaptures him.
Characters
The King
Strong and capable, able to carry a goblin on his shoulder for long distances. His build suggests physical prowess and endurance, typical of a ruler who might also be a warrior or hunter. His skin tone is likely consistent with someone of Indian descent, given the story's origin.
Attire: Royal attire of ancient India, perhaps a dhoti or angarkha made of fine silk or cotton, possibly embroidered with gold thread. He might wear a simple, yet regal, turban or a jeweled crown. Practical footwear for walking long distances, such as leather sandals.
Wants: To fulfill his quest, which involves carrying the goblin to a specific destination, and to outwit the goblin's attempts to escape.
Flaw: His primary weakness is the goblin's curse, which forces him into this predicament and tests his patience.
He consistently demonstrates his wisdom and determination, successfully navigating the goblin's challenges without succumbing to frustration or error.
Intelligent, patient, determined, resourceful, and just. He is not easily tricked and possesses a sharp mind for problem-solving.
The Goblin
Small, mischievous, and likely grotesque or impish in appearance. Its size allows it to be carried on a human's shoulder. It possesses a magical ability to disappear and reappear at the sissoo tree.
Attire: Simple, perhaps tattered or earthy garments, possibly made of leaves or rough spun fabric, reflecting its nature as a forest spirit or imp. No elaborate clothing.
Wants: To escape the King and return to its sissoo tree, primarily by tricking the King into speaking at an inappropriate time.
Flaw: Bound by a curse or magical rule that requires it to return to the sissoo tree if the King answers its riddles correctly and remains silent at other times.
Remains consistent in its role as the trickster, constantly attempting to outwit the King.
Mischievous, cunning, talkative, intelligent, and persistent in its attempts to trick the King. It enjoys telling stories and posing riddles.
First Brother
A young man of Indian descent, likely lean from his studies and initial poverty. His build would be average, not particularly strong but capable of travel.
Attire: Simple, unadorned white or off-white dhoti and a plain upper garment (angarkha or kurta) made of cotton, reflecting his Brahman status and poverty. Practical sandals for travel.
Wants: To overcome poverty and achieve happiness through knowledge and skill.
Flaw: Prone to despair and suicidal thoughts when faced with extreme hardship.
Transforms from a despondent scholar to a determined individual seeking knowledge and skill, ultimately contributing to the creation of the lion.
Intelligent, scholarly, initially despondent, but capable of resilience and leadership among his brothers. He is the first to suggest acquiring a science.
Second Brother
A young man of Indian descent, similar in build to his brothers, perhaps slightly more robust from travel and study.
Attire: Simple, practical cotton dhoti and kurta, suitable for a Brahman scholar on a journey. Earthy tones or white.
Wants: To acquire a valuable skill that will bring prosperity and happiness.
Flaw: Lacks foresight regarding the consequences of his actions, focused only on demonstrating his skill.
Develops a specific skill, contributing to the creation of the lion, and ultimately perishes due to the unforeseen consequences.
Diligent, focused, and skilled in his chosen science. He is practical and contributes directly to the brothers' collective goal.
Third Brother
A young man of Indian descent, likely of average build, with a keen eye for detail, essential for his science.
Attire: Simple, clean cotton dhoti and kurta, perhaps in a light color, suitable for a scholar. Practical footwear.
Wants: To master a unique science and contribute to the family's prosperity.
Flaw: Like his brothers, he lacks the wisdom to consider the ethical implications of his actions, focusing solely on the technical skill.
Develops a highly specialized skill, contributing to the creation of the lion, and ultimately perishes due to the unforeseen consequences.
Meticulous, observant, and highly skilled in his specialized area. He is focused on the intricate aspects of creation.
Fourth Brother
A young man of Indian descent, perhaps appearing slightly more confident or ambitious than his brothers, given his powerful skill.
Attire: Simple, yet well-maintained cotton dhoti and kurta, perhaps in a slightly richer color than his brothers, reflecting his confidence. Practical sandals.
Wants: To demonstrate his ultimate skill of giving life, proving his mastery of science.
Flaw: Recklessness and a lack of wisdom. He prioritizes showing off his skill over considering the moral and practical consequences of his actions.
Develops the ultimate skill of giving life, but his lack of wisdom in applying it leads directly to his and his brothers' demise.
Confident, ambitious, and perhaps a bit reckless. He possesses the most powerful and dangerous skill among his brothers, and is eager to demonstrate it.
The Lion
A large, powerful adult lion with a 'terrible massive mane,' indicating a male lion. It possesses 'dreadful teeth' and 'curving claws,' emphasizing its predatory nature. Its fur would be a rich golden-brown.
Attire: None, as it is a wild animal.
Wants: To survive and act according to its predatory instincts, which includes hunting and killing.
Flaw: None, in the context of its interaction with the brothers; it is a perfect predator.
Comes to life and immediately fulfills its natural role as a predator, killing its creators.
Instinctual, predatory, and aggressive. It acts purely on its nature as a wild beast, without malice or morality.
The Compassionate Man
A kind and wise-looking man of Indian descent, perhaps with a gentle demeanor. His build would be average, not particularly robust but not frail.
Attire: Simple, clean, and respectable garments of an Indian traveler or sage, perhaps a plain white dhoti and an upper cloth (uttariya) draped over his shoulders, made of cotton or linen.
Wants: To alleviate suffering and guide others towards righteousness.
Flaw: None apparent in the story.
Appears briefly to offer wisdom and then departs, serving as a catalyst for the eldest brother's change of heart.
Compassionate, wise, philosophical, and helpful. He offers guidance and comfort without judgment.
Locations
Vishnuswami's Farm in Flower-city
A Brahman's farm within the kingdom of Earth-boar, likely a rural setting with fields and a simple dwelling.
Mood: Initially a place of family and study, later marked by poverty and despondency.
Birth and early life of the four brothers; their initial struggles after their father's death.
Maternal Grandfather's House in Sacrifice Village
The home of the brothers' maternal grandfather, where their uncles shelter them. Implies a traditional Indian village house.
Mood: Initially a refuge, later becomes a place of scorn and discomfort due to the uncles' treatment.
The brothers seek refuge and continue their studies, but face scorn from their uncles.
The Forest (where the lion's skeleton is found)
A dense forest where the brothers wander and eventually find the skeleton of a lion. It is also the site of the eldest brother's suicide attempt and rescue.
Mood: Initially desolate and despairing for the eldest brother, later becomes a place of scientific experimentation and ultimately, tragedy.
The eldest brother's suicide attempt; the brothers' reunion and their test of skills, leading to the creation and rampage of the lion.